Human Rights Council

Sixt y-first session

23 February–31 March 2026

Agenda item 4

Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention

Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 31 March 2026

61 / 30. Situation of human rights in Myanmar

The Human Rights Council,

Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenants on Human Rights, and reaffirming all relevant General Assembly and Human Rights Council resolutions and decisions on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,

Recalling Security Council resolution 2669 (2022) of 21 December 2022, the Security Council statements on Myanmar of 4 February, 10 November, 8 December and 29 December 2021 and of 2 February 2022, the statement by the President of the Security Council on Myanmar of 10 March 2021, the meetings of the Security Council held on 2 February and 5 March 2021 and the briefing convened by the General Assembly with the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar on 16 March 2023,

Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, political independence, territorial integrity and unity of Myanmar and its condemnation of the February 2021 military coup and subsequent proclamations and extensions of the state of emergency and military law,

Expressing deep concern at the ongoing use of violence and the continuing escalation of the conflict by the Myanmar military, which seriously undermine the enjoyment of human rights of individuals in Myanmar, especially those of women, children and older persons, as well as those of persons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities, including Rohingya, owing to the heavy militarization of Myanmar, aggravated by the continued access of the Myanmar military to arms, and at the deaths and many injuries as a consequence of the increase in the indiscriminate use of lethal force against civilians by the Myanmar military and police,

Expressing grave concern at the increasing violations of international humanitarian law by the Myanmar military against civilians, including air strikes killing civilians and destroying civilian infrastructure, at indiscriminate air strikes, at the burning of villages, at the continuing forced displacement of civilians, including of ethnic and religious minorities, such as Rohingya, at violations involving the use of facilities functioning as schools, universities, hospitals and houses of worship for military purposes in contravention of international law and at violations involving attacks against civilians, and at the increasing violations and abuses of human rights in conflict settings, including arbitrary arrests, arbitrary detentions, deaths in detention, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, killings, sexual and gender-based violence and grave violations and abuses against children, at the deprivation of economic, social and cultural rights and at the enduring impunity that exists in Myanmar, particularly in the Myanmar military and security forces,

Expressing deep concern at the reported sharp rise in serious human rights violations and abuses since the military coup, which pose further serious challenges to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of all displaced persons, including Rohingya,

Expressing grave concern at the human rights violations and abuses against Rohingya, including in conflict settings, at the forced displacement of more than 923,000 Rohingya and other persons belonging to minorities to Bangladesh, at trafficking in persons, forced labour and rape, sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, and at the reported forced recruitment of Rohingya and other persons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities by the Myanmar military and other armed groups,

Expressing grave concern also over the ongoing conflict in Rakhine State, which has compelled approximately 150,000 Rohingya to flee to Bangladesh and thousands to flee to other countries of the region over the past two years, and expressing deep concern that international access to Rakhine State, where the risk of starvation is increasing, and other areas affected by conflict and violence remains severely restricted for the international humanitarian assistance community, including United Nations agencies and humanitarian actors, and the international media,

Expressing grave concern further that children continue to be subjected to the six grave violations against children during armed conflict and that the scale and recurrent nature of such violations and abuses will affect generations to come, reiterating the obligation of Myanmar to respect, protect and fulfil the rights of the child in accordance with its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and calling upon all parties to the conflict to engage with the United Nations on action plans to end and prevent grave violations and abuses committed against children,

Expressing grave concern at reports of alarming numbers of deaths in Myanmar military detention due to torture, ill-treatment and inadequate access to medical care,

Expressing deep concern at radicalization, the increasing military build-up and the use of military force by the Myanmar military and other armed groups throughout the country, which is making de-escalation and the provision of humanitarian assistance even more challenging,

Expressing grave concern at the enforcement by the Myanmar military on 10 February 2024 of the forced conscription of men aged 18 to 35 years and women aged 18 to 27 years, as well as individuals outside these age brackets, including through reported abductions, which has led to widespread forced recruitment, including of Rohingya, and is further exacerbating insecurity for the civilian population, and at reports that the Myanmar military, in order to coerce individuals to join its ranks, has abducted civilians, threatened communities with the burning of their villages and offered money, food and citizenship to Rohingya youths, while threatening them with punishment,

Expressing concern that these actions by the Myanmar military are contributing to increased instability in Myanmar and across the region, resulting in a rise in the numbers of internally displaced persons and of refugees seeking safety in neighbouring countries and Rohingya‑hosting States, and recognizing the additional pressures that these developments place on regional humanitarian and protection capacities,

Expressing alarm at the continued restrictions and attacks on medical and humanitarian personnel, on medical facilities and on transport and equipment and at the lack of humanitarian access, in particular to areas with internally displaced persons and to the affected areas from which many people continue to be displaced and in which many people, in particular women and children, are at risk of trafficking in persons and many others are living in precarious conditions, thereby exacerbating the humanitarian crisis,

Expressing deep concern at the restrictions on, attacks against and harassment of journalists and other media workers, including arbitrary arrest, enforced disappearance, torture and other ill-treatment, killings and surveillance, and at Internet shutdowns and other restrictions on and interruptions to the Internet and social media, including the amendment to the law on television and radio broadcasting and the introduction by the Myanmar military of a so-called cybersecurity law, which unnecessarily and disproportionately restricts the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, to freedom of peaceful assembly and association and to privacy,

Expressing deep concern also at the increased restrictions by the Myanmar military on civil society and trade union members and at the targeting of human rights defenders, independent lawyers and trade union leaders and members for exercising their right to freedom of association,

Expressing serious concern at the unilateral convening by the Myanmar military of elections that excluded much of the country’s geographical territory and many political parties, at a time when it is clear that there can be no meaningful participation of all political parties and groups, and that were neither free nor fair, and stressing that elections held without inclusive dialogue and conditions that allow the people of Myanmar to fully exercise their political rights, including their right to vote, may lead to greater violence and instability,

Reiterating the responsibility of the Myanmar military to protect and respect the human rights of all persons in Myanmar, including persons belonging to ethnic, religious and other minorities, including Rohingya, and reiterating also the urgent need to undertake a full, transparent, impartial and independent investigation into all reports of violations and abuses of international human rights law, violations of international humanitarian law and crimes under international law, to ensure that perpetrators are held accountable in fair, independent and impartial criminal proceedings, including in domestic courts or tribunals, in accordance with international law standards, and to ensure that victims, survivors and their families have access to effective remedy, including by prompt, effective and independent casualty recording and guarantees of non-recurrence,

Expressing alarm at the violations and abuses occurring in the framework of transnational crimes, including drug production and trafficking, trafficking in persons and online scam operations, victims and survivors of which face a range of serious violations and abuses, and expressing concern at the impact of transnational crime on the enjoyment of human rights,

Expressing deep concern at the cross-border effect of the actions of the Myanmar military, in addition to other armed actors, including in the conflict in Rakhine State, which have reportedly caused deaths and damage to property in Bangladesh and other neighbouring countries, impacting the enjoyment of human rights,

Expressing deep concern alsoat the harassment and targeting by the Myanmar military of Myanmar citizens abroad for exercising their right to freedom of expression, including the cancelling or arbitrary denial of passports, travel denial, surveillance, harassment and threats, including against family members remaining in Myanmar,

Expressing concern at the role of the Myanmar military, in addition to other armed actors, including the Arakan Army, in sustaining cycles of violence in Rakhine State, including through targeted attacks against Rohingya Muslims, sexual and gender-based violence, obstruction of humanitarian access and actions that exacerbate ethnic tensions, and expressing deep concern at the cross-border effect of said cycles of violence on Bangladesh and other neighbouring States,

Expressing deep concern at the inadequate and ever-decreasing international financial support for Rohingya temporarily sheltered in Bangladesh, noting with grave concern that, despite the generosity of host countries and donors, the gap between humanitarian needs and funding continues to grow, and recalling in this context the need for more burden- and responsibility-sharing,

Expressing alarm at the rapidly increasing use of anti-personnel landmines and the growing amount of unexploded ordnance and their disproportionate impact on women and children, expressing grave concern that Myanmar has the highest documented number of landmine casualties in the world, expressing deep concern that the proliferation of such devices further restricts humanitarian space and hinders the ability of humanitarian partners to safely deliver life‑saving assistance, and expressing alarm over reports of the criminalization of amputees, as well as the systematic denial by the Myanmar military of humanitarian access for victims and survivors, including to life-saving aid, medical care and prosthetics, recognizing that these actions are contrary to international law,

Commending the ongoing humanitarian efforts and commitments that the Government of Bangladesh, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and the international community, extended to those fleeing human rights violations and abuses in Myanmar in 2016 and 2017, recognizingthe extensive investments that the Government of Bangladesh has made in Bhasan Char and Cox’s Bazar, while noting the importance of efforts to ensure the sustainability of the response to the humanitarian crisis, expressing gratitude to the Government of Bangladesh for facilitating the visits of various officials, and underlining that such visits contribute to ensuring justice and accountability,

Recognizing the complementary and mutually reinforcing work of the United Nations system, including the various United Nations mandate holders working on Myanmar, to improve the humanitarian situation and the situation of human rights in the country,

Reiterating the urgent need for justice and accountability and to end impunity for all violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law by ensuring that all those responsible for crimes relating to these violations and abuses throughout Myanmar are held to account through credible, competent and independent national or international criminal justice mechanisms, noting the important role that the International Criminal Court can play in this regard, while recalling the authority of the Security Council to refer the situation in Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, reiterating its invitation to Myanmar to become a Party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court or to accept the exercise of jurisdiction of the Court in accordance with article 12 (3) of the Rome Statute, and acknowledging the National Unity Government’s commitment in that regard,

Recalling the order of the International Court of Justice of 23 January 2020 in the case lodged by the Gambia against Myanmar on the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, in which the Court concluded that, prima facie, it had jurisdiction to deal with the case, found that Rohingya in Myanmar appeared to constitute a “protected group” within the meaning of article 2 of the Convention and that there was a real and imminent risk of irreparable prejudice to the rights of Rohingya in Myanmar and indicated provisional measures, welcoming the holding of the public hearings on the merits of the case, and welcoming also in this regard the funds contributed by a number of States members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the engagement of other States to back the ongoing proceedings,

Noting the issuance by an Argentinian court, on 14 February 2025, under the principle of universal jurisdiction, of international arrest warrants for the alleged perpetrators of the crimes committed against Rohingya, and the legal proceedings initiated in Timor-Leste, and welcoming the steps taken by Member States to investigate and prosecute in national courts, under the principle of universal jurisdiction, the most serious crimes under international law committed in Myanmar as an important contribution to ending impunity and ensuring justice for victims and survivors,

Recalling that the Independent Commission of Enquiry established by the Government of Myanmar on 30 July 2018, notwithstanding the limitations of its terms of reference and modus operandi, recognized in the executive summary of its final report that war crimes, serious human rights violations and violations of domestic law had been committed and that there were reasonable grounds to believe that members of the Myanmar security forces had been involved,

Welcoming the work of the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar to collect, consolidate, preserve and analyse evidence of the most serious international crimes and violations of international law committed in Myanmar since 2011 and to prepare files in order to facilitate and expedite fair and independent criminal proceedings, in accordance with international law standards, in national, regional or international courts or tribunals that have, or may in the future have, jurisdiction over these crimes, in accordance with international law, welcoming also the reports of the Mechanism, and encouraging all States, including Myanmar and its neighbours, to cooperate with and allow access to the Mechanism to carry out its mandated activities and respond to its requests for information,

Welcoming also the work and the reports of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar and of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, including the report on pathways to fulfil the aspirations of the people of Myanmar for human rights protection, accountability, democracy and a civilian government, while deeply regretting the continued non-cooperation of the Myanmar military and the denial of access,

Welcoming further the activities carried out by the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar, and encouraging her further engagement and dialogue, involving all relevant national and regional stakeholders,

Welcoming the recent appointment of a resident coordinator of United Nations local agencies in Myanmar,

Welcoming also the request by the General Assembly in its resolution 80/221 of 18 December 2025 that the Secretary-General develop a strategy for the engagement of the United Nations in Myanmar and identify ways in which the existing mandates can more effectively deliver in their respective areas of responsibility concerning Myanmar and can complement each other’s work through enhanced coordination,

Recognizing the crucial role of civil society in highlighting the most serious violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law in Myanmar, as relevant, and expressing concern at the ongoing crackdown by the Myanmar military on civil society and restrictions on civic society space,

Recalling General Assembly resolution 75/287 of 18 June 2021, and expressing deep concern that the sale, diversion and unregulated or illicit transfer of arms and jet fuel increase the ability of the Myanmar military to commit serious violations, including attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, disregard international law and seriously undermine the enjoyment of human rights,

Emphasizing the importance of supporting women’s leadership and full, equal, meaningful and safe participation in inclusive State-building and nation-building, as well as the importance of the leadership of youth and persons with disabilities,

Recalling as an important first step the pronouncements of the National Unity Government articulated in the “Policy position on the Rohingya in Rakhine State” released on 3 June 2021, its recognition that Rohingya are entitled to citizenship as articulated, in particular its acceptance of the final recommendation of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, and its commitment to a new citizenship act to replace the 1982 Citizenship Law, welcoming the subsequent pledges to dismantle the discriminatory legal framework that has enabled human rights violations against Rohingya and other minorities, and urging the National Unity Government to provide updates in this regard, delineating its plan for the implementation of the final recommendations of the Advisory Commission,

Expressing its full support for the central role of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in facilitating a peaceful solution in accordance with the will and interests of the people of Myanmar and in facilitating constructive and inclusive dialogue among all parties, including the National Unity Government, ethnic organizations and broader civil society, recognizing the progress of the provision of humanitarian assistance by the Association through its Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management, while noting the efforts undertaken by previous Special Envoys of the Chair of the Association, including initiatives to convene a broad range of Myanmar stakeholders in support of efforts aimed at addressing the crisis and advancing a peaceful resolution of the situation in Myanmar, and expressing its support for the efforts of the current Special Envoy of the Chair of the Association,

Welcoming the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Leaders’ review of and decision on the implementation of the five-point consensus, adopted at the forty-seventh summit of the Association, held on 26 October 2025, in which they denounced the continued acts of violence against civilians in Myanmar, urged all parties and stakeholders concerned in Myanmar, in particular the armed forces and security forces concerned, to de-escalate violence and stop targeted attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure and enhance trust-building efforts, underscored the importance of free, fair, peaceful, transparent, inclusive and credible general elections and emphasized that the cessation of violence and inclusive political dialogue must precede elections in Myanmar,

Welcoming also the appointment of the new Special Envoy of the Chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations on Myanmar and her efforts to address the crisis in Myanmar,

Underscoring the need to address the root causes of the crisis in Rakhine State and create the conditions necessary for the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of Rohingya refugees and internally displaced persons, which constitutes a crucial element of the solution to the crisis, encouraging diplomatic efforts among all parties concerned to help to address the issues facing Rohingya, and stressing the importance of providing continued protection and assistance to refugees and displaced persons,

1.Condemns in the strongest terms all violations and abuses of human rights committed by all parties against civilians in Myanmar, including Rohingya and other minorities, before and after the military coup and the declaration of the state of emergency on 1 February 2021;

2.Also condemns in the strongest terms :

(a)The military coup carried out in Myanmar, the deposition of the elected civilian Government by the Myanmar military and the suspension of the parliament on 1 February 2021, which constitute an unacceptable attempt to forcibly overturn the results of the general elections of 8 November 2020, a halt in the democratic transition of Myanmar and a serious threat to the respect for and protection of human rights, the rule of law and good governance and democratic principles;

(b)The Myanmar military’s attempts to legitimize its coup of February 2021 through the conduct of elections that were neither free nor fair nor inclusive, the election-related aerial bombings and violence that killed and injured civilians and led to increased political imprisonment and the Myanmar military’s so-called Protection of Multiparty Democratic General Elections from Obstruction, Disruption and Destruction Law, which has been applied to prevent and punish political expression and freedom of speech and has resulted in intimidation, arbitrary arrests, political imprisonment and torture and other ill-treatment;

(c)The lack of progress by the Myanmar military in the implementation of Security Council resolution 2669 (2022) and the five-point consensus of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations;

(d)The arbitrary detention, arrest and politically motivated conviction and sentencing of President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, other government officials and politicians, human rights defenders, trade union leaders and members, journalists, civil society members, local and foreign advisers, religious leaders and many others;

(e)The arbitrary detention, arrest and politically motivated convictions, sentencing and executions, including of pro-democracy activists, as well as violent acts, including extrajudicial killings, systematic sexual and gender-based violence and torture, committed against civilians, including healthcare workers, children, teachers, students, lawyers, artists, journalists, human rights defenders and many others, which exacerbate the polarization and violence and worsen the humanitarian crisis in the country;

(f)All executions of political prisoners;

(g)The increasing deliberate, widespread, indiscriminate and disproportionate use of force against civilians, including by air strikes, the indiscriminate and continuous use of lethal force and the misuse of less-lethal weapons by the Myanmar military and the various attacks and killings that have ended civilian lives all across Myanmar, as well as attacks directed at civilians and civilian infrastructure, and indiscriminate attacks, and the violations and abuses, including killings, torture and other ill-treatment and bodily injury, as well as sexual and gender-based violence, committed against the people of Myanmar, including against peaceful demonstrators exercising their rights to freedom of expression, of peaceful assembly and of association;

(h)The production and use in Myanmar of anti-personnel landmines, which can indiscriminately kill and injure civilians, including women and children, long after they are laid, imperil the return of internally displaced persons and refugees and threaten access to livelihoods, food and shelter;

(i)The indiscriminate attacks against children by the Myanmar military;

(j)The suspension and obstruction by the Myanmar military of humanitarian access to affected areas of Myanmar after the March 2025 earthquakes and Typhoon Yagi in 2024 and to Rakhine State after Cyclone Mocha in 2023;

3. Urges the further provision of principled humanitarian aid to all in need, including through organizations already operating in areas affected by natural disasters, in line with the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence and, where applicable, international humanitarian law, calls upon the Myanmar military and other parties to cease all hostilities, and calls upon all parties to facilitate rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access to all persons in need in all affected regions;

4.Reiterates its full support for the people of Myanmar and their aspirations for democracy and a civilian government, and calls upon the Myanmar military to end the declaration of martial law, to return to the democratic transition in Myanmar, to end all obstruction to the democratic process in Myanmar and to ensure a free and fair democratic process, including by accepting that all national institutions, including the military, must serve under a democratically elected, fully representative civilian government;

5.Urges the swift establishment of constructive, inclusive and peaceful dialogue among all parties, in accordance with the will and interests of the people of Myanmar, aimed at restoring democratic governance;

6.Recalls the obligations of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty in relation to international humanitarian law and international human rights law, in particular those arising from articles 6 and 7;

7.Calls upon all States to respect their international commitments and all relevant United Nations resolutions and to cease the illicit transfer and diversion of arms, munitions and other military equipment to Myanmar in order to prevent further violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, and to refrain, in accordance with applicable national procedures and international norms and standards, from the export, sale or transfer of jet fuel, surveillance goods and technologies and less-lethal weapons when they assess that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that such fuel, goods, technologies or weapons might be used to violate or abuse human rights;

8.Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and all those who have been arbitrarily detained, charged, arrested, convicted or sentenced on specious grounds, in particular since 1 February 2021, including government officials and politicians, human rights defenders, journalists and other media workers, civil society representatives, legal practitioners, religious and community leaders, healthcare workers, aid workers, academics, teachers, local and foreign advisers and members of student unions and trade unions, and for the military to refrain from future reprisals against released detainees;

9.Urgently calls upon all parties concerned in Myanmar to fully, swiftly and effectively implement the five-point consensus, including through meaningful and inclusive dialogue among all relevant parties and by ending the violence, and to facilitate a peaceful solution in the interests of the people of Myanmar and their livelihoods, and encourages continued engagement by regional actors to facilitate inclusive political dialogue;

10.Calls upon the Myanmar military:

(a)To immediately cease all air strikes and the use of arson attacks;

(b)To cease the arbitrary and unlawful arrest and detention of children, to release immediately and unconditionally all children detained in interrogation centres and prisons and to ensure their rehabilitation and reintegration into their families and communities;

(c)To immediately cease and refrain from executions of political prisoners and all other use of the death penalty contrary to international human rights law;

(d)To cease targeting Myanmar citizens outside of Myanmar for exercising their right to freedom of expression, including through the cancellation or arbitrary non-renewal of passports, surveillance, harassment and threats and reprisals against family members remaining in Myanmar;

(e)To cease forced conscription and other coercive recruitment practices, including the intimidation, extortion, coercion or punishment of civilians, particularly youth and their family members, to compel military service;

(f)To cease targeting trade union leaders and members for exercising their right to freedom of association, including through the use of arbitrary arrest, detention, torture, intimidation, the surveillance of workers negotiating wage increases and the deprivation of basic civil liberties, due legal process and institutional recourse, and to fully cooperate with the International Labour Organization and its Commission of Inquiry for Myanmar and implement its recommendations without delay and in line with the resolution adopted by the International Labour Conference on 5 June 2025, at its 113th session;

(g)To repeal the so-called Organization Registration Law, which hampers the delivery of humanitarian assistance, to cease any penalization of individuals and organizations under this framework and to respect and protect humanitarian personnel, including medical personnel, facilities, transport and equipment, so that humanitarian organizations are able to offer principled and inclusive humanitarian assistance, including age-, disability- and gender-responsive assistance, to all persons in need, including internally displaced persons;

11.Calls upon all parties to the conflict, in particular the Myanmar military:

(a)To respect and ensure full respect for international humanitarian law and immediately cease attacks against civilians, to end violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, and all violations of international law, including of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and human rights abuses in Myanmar, including arbitrary detentions, to hold perpetrators of violations and abuses accountable, including in independent and impartial domestic accountability processes ensuring justice and reparations for victims and survivors, to respect and protect civilians, to allow humanitarian access to affected populations, to show restraint, to cease the conflict and to show readiness to re-engage in dialogue and constitutional reform;

(b)To end violations and abuses against children, including the six grave violations against children during armed conflict, to ensure accountability for these violations and abuses, to guarantee protection to all children in armed conflict, including by stopping and preventing their recruitment into armed forces and ensuring the immediate and safe release of those who have been recruited, and to provide survivors with access to adequate assistance, including access to education and psychosocial and mental health support, justice and reparations;

(c)To immediately end the use of anti-personnel landmines in violation of international humanitarian law, to accelerate efforts to demine, to ensure that amputees are not criminalized as a result of their injuries and to take urgent steps to ensure that victims and survivors have access to life-saving aid, inclusive, non-discriminatory and comprehensive victim assistance and mental and physical rehabilitation as part of broader, urgent measures to protect the rights of persons with disabilities in situations of armed conflict;

(d)To cease, investigate and prosecute, where appropriate, all attacks on schools, universities and other educational facilities and attacks against students, teachers and education personnel, in contravention of international humanitarian law, and to mitigate and avoid the use of schools by armed forces, as appropriate, including through the implementation of Security Council resolution 2601 (2021) of 29 October 2021, noting in this regard the relevance of the Safe Schools Declaration, and by taking measures, such as considering implementing the Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use during Armed Conflict and ensuring safe, non-violent, inclusive, effective and enabling learning environments and quality education for all;

(e)To cooperate with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Special Envoy of the Chair of the Association on Myanmar, including by granting her access to all stakeholders;

(f)To allow and facilitate rapid, sustained and unimpeded passage of humanitarian relief to the entire country, in line with obligations under international humanitarian law, including, where appropriate, through cross‑border and cross‑line modalities consistent with humanitarian principles, with a view to ensuring sustained delivery of life-saving humanitarian assistance by local and international staff members of humanitarian and other relevant international agencies;

12.C alls for an end to the unjustified use of military tribunals to try civilians and for the right to a fair trial, and recalls the absolute prohibition of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

13.Urges all parties in Myanmar to ensure the full, equal, safe and meaningful participation of all women, including Rohingya women and women belonging to other minorities, in promoting social cohesion across different communities and in all decision-making processes related to conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding;

14.Urges Myanmar, in accordance with the order of the International Court of Justice of 23 January 2020 in relation to Rohingya in its territory, to take all measures within its power to prevent the commission of all acts within the scope of article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, to ensure that its military and any irregular armed units that may be directed or supported by it and any organizations and persons that may be subject to its control, direction or influence do not commit, inter alia, any such acts, to prevent the destruction and ensure the preservation of evidence and to report to the Court as ordered on all measures taken to give effect to the order;

15.Calls for:

(a)A more active role of the United Nations, so as to ensure greater coherence and efficiency of action on the ground and to continue taking action to hold the military accountable for its crimes;

(b)Continued steps and necessary measures to be taken to promote the inclusion, human rights and dignity of all people living in Myanmar, to address sexual and gender-based violence, discrimination and the spread of prejudice, including the spread of disinformation, hate speech and inflammatory rhetoric, including on online platforms, social media and messaging services, and to combat incitement to hatred and violence against ethnic, religious and other minorities, including Rohingya, in accordance with the Rabat Plan of Action on the prohibition of advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, also in line with recommendation 9 of the executive summary of the Independent Commission of Enquiry, including by refraining from engaging in hate speech or encouraging others to engage in hate speech and refraining from implementing measures purported to address hate speech that do not comply with international standards;

(c)The establishment of conditions that would allow for the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of internally displaced persons to their places of origin or to places of their choosing, including through measures to restore freedom of movement to Rohingya, in full consultation with the persons concerned and with the local population, and in consultation also with the United Nations system and relevant civil society organizations;

(d)The establishment of concrete steps towards the creation of an environment conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of all refugees and stateless persons, including Rohingya and other forcibly displaced persons, residing in Bangladesh, also in the light of the bilateral arrangement of return concluded between Bangladesh and Myanmar in 2017, as well as those residing in other host States;

(e)Access to accurate and reliable information, as corroborated by the United Nations and other relevant actors, on the conditions in Rakhine State and in other parts of the country in order to reasonably address the core concerns of all refugees, including Rohingya and other forcibly displaced persons, thereby enabling them to return to their places of origin or places of their choosing in a voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable manner;

(f)Immediate, full, unrestricted and unmonitored access for all United Nations mandate holders and human rights mechanisms and international and regional courts, tribunals and human rights bodies to independently monitor the situation of human rights, including by ceasing Internet shutdowns and lifting all other Internet restrictions, which hinder the flow of information essential for accountability, and measures to ensure that civil society organizations, human rights defenders, lawyers, victims, survivors, witnesses and other individuals have unhindered access to and can communicate with the United Nations and other human rights entities without fear of reprisals, intimidation or attack;

(g)An end to the reclassification of villages where Rohingya and other ethnic minorities were previously located and to the removal of the names of villages from official maps and potential alterations to how the land may be used, and the ceasing, without any delay, of the construction of military facilities in those villages;

(h)The granting of full and unhindered access to the diplomatic corps, independent observers and representatives of the national and international independent media so that they may conduct their work without fear of reprisals, intimidation or attack;

(i)Action to address and document conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence in Myanmar, with the full participation of civil society, particularly women’s rights organizations and women and girls from conflict-affected communities, to prevent such violence, to end impunity, to hold perpetrators accountable and to provide survivors with access to adequate assistance, support services, justice and reparations;

(j)Measures aimed at promoting tolerance, mutual understanding and social cohesion among communities in Rakhine State, including initiatives to strengthen trust and improve intercommunal relations;

(k)Appropriate action to eliminate child and forced labour, including to respond in full to the recommendations made by the Commission of Inquiry for Myanmar of the International Labour Organization and reaffirmed in the resolution adopted by the International Labour Conference on 5 June 2025, at its 113th session, to protect the rights of workers in natural resource extraction and to demilitarize mining regions, and for action to establish an inclusive land governance framework and to resolve issues of land tenure, including by amending relevant legislation, in particular the Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law, in full consultation with relevant groups and ethnic communities, including Rohingya;

(l)Enhanced regional cooperation, including through the involvement of the United Nations, with a view to addressing the rise and increase of transnational crimes, such as trafficking in persons, drug trafficking and online scams;

16.Stresses the need:

(a)To effectively address the root causes of human rights violations and abuses against persons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities, including Rohingya, including by fully implementing all recommendations made by the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, including those on access to citizenship, freedom of movement, the elimination of systematic segregation and all forms of discrimination and inclusive and equal access to health services, education, livelihood opportunities, basic services and birth registration, in full consultation with all ethnic and religious minority groups, including Rohingya, and persons in vulnerable situations, as well as civil society;

(b)To expedite efforts to eliminate statelessness and systematic and institutionalized discrimination against members of ethnic and religious minorities, in particular relating to Rohingya, by, inter alia, reviewing and reforming the 1982 Citizenship Law, ensuring equal access to full citizenship through a transparent, voluntary and accessible procedure and to all civil and political rights, allowing for self-identification, amending or repealing all discriminatory legislation and policies and lifting all local orders restricting rights to freedom of movement and access to civil registration, health and education services and livelihoods;

(c)To restore the full citizenship status and related civil and political rights of Rohingya and other ethnic and religious minorities, including voting rights and their free and fair participation in elections and other democratic processes, to combat the incitement of hatred and hate speech against Rohingya and persons belonging to other minorities, online and offline, and to publicly condemn such acts and combat hate speech, misinformation and disinformation;

(d)To safeguard those who report violations and abuses and to immediately cease the killing, torture and other ill-treatment, bodily injury and arbitrary detention of all civil society actors, including journalists and media workers, human rights defenders, casualty recorders, lawyers, environmental and land rights activists, health and humanitarian workers, trade union leaders and members, and other civilians;

17.Stresses the role and the importance of the involvement of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in facilitating political dialogue, encourages regional players to work in that direction, and calls upon all States Members of the United Nations to protect Myanmar nationals within their borders, as appropriate, respect the principle of non-refoulement and refrain from pushbacks and the forced return of persons fleeing Myanmar, in line with international obligations;

18.Expresses its support for further efforts to implement the five-point consensus, in this regard welcomes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Leaders’ review of and decision on the implementation of the five-point consensus, and expresses its support for the continued engagement of the Special Envoy of the Chair of the Association in facilitating dialogue and efforts aimed at addressing the crisis in Myanmar, while underscoring the importance of upholding human rights, justice and accountability in the process;

19.W elcomes the work of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar, and encourages engagement with her, allowing the fulfilment of the mandate as set out by the Secretary-General, including by travelling to the country;

20.Encourages the international community, in the true spirit of interdependence and equal burden- and responsibility-sharing, to continue supporting Bangladesh in providing assistance to Rohingya refugees and other forcibly displaced persons until a sustainable solution to the crisis is foundand until such time as they are voluntarily repatriated to Myanmar in safety and dignity, and to continue providing humanitarian assistance in Myanmar for all affected persons of all communities displaced internally in Myanmar, including in Rakhine State, with particular attention to the needs of women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities, including by adequately funding the Joint Response Plan for the Rohingya humanitarian crisis through urgent resource mobilization, diversification of the donor base and innovative financing, among other things;

21. Encourages efforts to ensure the meaningful participation and representation of Rohingya in local administrative structures and the consultation and representation of women at all levels of decision-making, including relating to the camp-closure strategy and its implementation in a manner consistent with international human rights standards;

22.Encourages all business enterprises, including transnational corporations and domestic enterprises operating in Myanmar or that have parts of their supply chain in Myanmar, to implement the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the recommendations made by the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar on the economic interests of the Myanmar military, encourages all transnational enterprises to responsibly divest from economic dealings with Myanmar military-owned businesses, and requests the home States of those enterprises to take enhanced measures so that those businesses conduct enhanced human rights due diligence to ensure that their activities do not contribute to or cause any human rights violations or abuses, in accordance with the Guiding Principles;

23.Welcomes the holding of the High-Level Conference on the Situation of Rohingya Muslims and Other Minorities in Myanmar on 30 September 2025 in accordance with General Assembly resolution 79/182 of 17 December 2024, and calls for increased international financial support for Rohingya temporarily sheltered in Bangladesh and a comprehensive, innovative and concrete plan for a sustainable resolution of the crisis, including efforts to create an environment conducive to the voluntary, safe, sustainable and dignified return of Rohingya Muslims to Myanmar;

24.Decides to extend the mandate of Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar for a further period of one year, requests the Special Rapporteur to submit a report to the Third Committee of the General Assembly at its eighty-first session and to the Human Rights Council at its sixty-fourth session, in accordance with its annual programme of work, and also requests the Special Rapporteur, supported by additional human rights experts, to continue to monitor the situation of human rights in Myanmar and the implementation of the recommendations made by the mandate holder and by the independent international fact-finding mission and to make recommendations on additional steps necessary to address the ongoing crisis, including through thematic reports and conference room papers;

25.Encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue to engage with relevant stakeholders, in the region and beyond, through meetings and conferences relating to human rights in Myanmar;

26.Calls for immediate and full cooperation by Myanmar with the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar, the Special Rapporteur and the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar in the exercise of the mandate, including by facilitating visits and granting unrestricted access throughout the country, and invites all States to facilitate cooperation with the Special Rapporteur, where requested;

27.Calls upon the United Nations to ensure that the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar is afforded the support and resources in terms of staffing, location and operational freedom necessary to deliver on its mandate, urges all United Nations bodies to collaborate fully with the Mechanism, where possible, and to share evidence to be used in future prosecutions, and all relevant actors in Myanmar and States to cooperate with the Mechanism, to grant it access, including access to witnesses and other information providers, and to provide it with every assistance in the execution of its mandate, and the appropriate protection of confidentiality, security and support for victims, survivors and witnesses in order to fully respect and comply with the principle of “do no harm”, calls for close and timely cooperation between the Mechanism and any future investigations or proceedings by national, regional or international courts or tribunals, including the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice, and in this regard notes the public hearings on the merits of the case of The Gambia v. Myanmar held at the International Court of Justice from 12 to 29 January 2026 and that the Mechanism shared evidence and analysis with both parties;

28.Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, with the support of specialized experts, to continue to monitor and assess the overall situation of human rights in Myanmar, maintaining focus on accountability regarding alleged violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, as well as the rule of law, to monitor the implementation of the present resolution and previous resolutions with the same title and to make recommendations on additional steps necessary to address the current crisis;

29.Also requests the High Commissioner, with the support of experts, to continue and strengthen technical assistance to pro-democracy actors and civil society groups in order to increase their protection capacities, and to present updates in the context of his regular reporting to the Human Rights Council;

30.Recommends that the General Assembly submit the reports of the High Commissioner and the Special Rapporteur to the relevant United Nations bodies, including the Security Council, for their consideration and appropriate action, taking into account the relevant conclusions and recommendations therein;

31.Reiterates the need to establish a country office of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Myanmar and to issue a standing invitation to all special procedures of the Human Rights Council;

32.Calls upon the High Commissioner and the Special Rapporteur to monitor patterns of human rights violations that point to a heightened risk of a human rights emergency, where possible, to share evidence of violations with the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar to support future prosecutions, to continue to bring that information to the attention of the Human Rights Council in a manner that reflects the urgency of the situation, including intersessionally through ad hoc briefings, to advise on what further steps may be needed if the situation continues to deteriorate, in furtherance of the Council’s prevention mandate, and to inform other United Nations bodies as necessary on progress in this regard;

33.Recalls the Secretary-General’s initiative to take concrete action based on the recommendations contained in the report entitled “A brief and independent inquiry into the involvement of the United Nations in Myanmar from 2010 to 2018”, and invites the Secretary-General to support this work by offering relevant recommendations to enable more effective work in the future and to strengthen the prevention capacity of the United Nations system;

34.Requests the Secretary-General to call the continued attention of the Security Council to the situation in Myanmar, including in follow-up to Security Council resolution 2669 (2022), and to continue as necessary with concrete recommendations for action towards resolving the humanitarian crisis, establishing the conditions for the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of all refugees and forcibly displaced persons, including Rohingya, and ensuring the accountability of those responsible for mass atrocities and human rights violations and abuses;

35.Also requests the Secretary-General to provide the Special Rapporteur, the High Commissioner and the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar with the increased assistance, resources and expertise necessary to enable them to discharge their mandates fully;

36.Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

5 4th meeting

3 1 March 2026

[Adopted without a vote.]