Committee on the Rights of the Child

Ninety-ninth session

Geneva, 5–23 May 2025

Consideration of reports of States parties

Replies of Brazil to the list of issues in relation to its combined fifth to seventh periodic reports * , **

[Date received: 3 March 2025]

Part one

Reply to paragraph 2 (a) of the list of issues (CRC/C/BRA/Q/5-7)

1.According to article 2 of Law No. 8,069/1990 (Statute of the Child and Adolescent – ECA), children are those up to 12 incomplete years of age; and adolescents are between 12 and 18 years old. The Federal Constitution (article 227) and the ECA prohibit these individuals from being subject to any form of violence and discrimination.

2.The principle of best interest, derived from the legal-protective framework, has practical effectiveness to apply to all state interventions involving children and adolescents, in legal, budgetary, political, and many other areas.

Reply to paragraph 2 (b) of the list of issues

3.In 2024, the Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC), in partnership with the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), published a call for proposals to execute the Evaluation and Revision Project of the National Decennial Plan for the Rights of Children and Adolescents. The methodology involves the participation of various actors from the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System, at state, district, regional, and national levels.

4.To date, 27 state seminars have been completed, one in each Federative Unit, with the participation of children and adolescents, civil society organizations, and government agencies. In 2025, there will be five regional stages and one national stage for the conclusion and launch of the Plan.

Reply to paragraph 2 (c) of the list of issues

5.The National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (Conanda), established by Decree 9,579/2018, is a deliberative body composed of 15 representatives from civil society and 15 from the federal government. It is responsible for developing guidelines for the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of national policies related to the rights of children and adolescents in Brazil, including those outlined in the Convention.

6.In May 2024, during the XLIII Meeting of High Authorities on Human Rights of Mercosur, Brazil and Paraguay signed a cooperation agreement for the implementation of the Monitoring System for International Recommendations on Human Rights (SIMORE). SIMORE Brasil will increase transparency regarding the human rights recommendations received by Brazil, tracking their implementation status and identifying the responsible authorities at federal, state, and municipal levels. The system also aims to foster civil society participation, both in its development and ongoing operation.

Reply to paragraph 2 (d) of the list of issues

7.In 2024, the Budget Guidelines Law (LDO) and the Pluriannual Plan began to incorporate transversal agendas, including a specific agenda for children and adolescents. The LDO provides for the publication of reports on the budget execution of the Transversal and Multisectoral Agenda for Children and Adolescents. It is also worth mentioning the publication of the reports “The Financing of Early Childhood in the Federal Budget,” in accordance with Law No. 13,257/2016, Decree No. 10,770/2021, and Ministry of Economy Ordinance No. 1,410/2022.

8.The budget monitoring process has undergone changes since the 2023 fiscal year to enable the collection of information on the physical and financial execution of the Federal Fiscal and Social Security Budgets, disaggregated by children and adolescents. This information will support the preparation of the budget execution report for the 2025 Transversal Agenda for Children and Adolescents.

9.Starting in the 2024 fiscal year, with the enactment of the 2024 Annual Budget Law (LOA), the Ministry of Planning and Budget began making budget and financial execution information for the five Transversal Agendas available to the public through the Integrated Planning and Budget System (SIOP). As a result, any citizen with internet access can monitor the budget and financial execution of the programs associated with the Transversal Agenda for Children and Adolescents on the Federal Budget Portal.

Reply to paragraph 2 (e) of the list of issues

10.The ObservaDH platform, whose objective is to disseminate and analyze strategic information on the human rights situation in Brazil, providing evidence for the planning, monitoring, and evaluation of public policies for the defense, promotion, protection, education, and culture of human rights at the federal, state, and municipal levels of government, as well as within civil society, enables the construction of indicators collected and made available through the country´s main data sources.

Reply to paragraph 2 (f) of the list of issues

11.In Brazil, two main bodies are responsible for monitoring the human rights of children and adolescents: the National Human Rights Council (CNDH) and the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA), both of a deliberative nature and composed of public representatives and members of civil society.

12.These Councils function as mechanisms for monitoring, guiding, and overseeing public policies, in accordance with the principles of autonomy and effectiveness established by the Paris Principles. Both aim to ensure that the policies implemented by the State align with the commitments made by Brazil in international treaties and conventions, reinforcing the importance of a robust national system for the promotion and protection of human rights.

Reply to paragraph 2 (g) of the list of issues

13.Through the Human Rights Hotline – Dial 100, the National Human Rights Ombudsman’s Office (ONDH) of the MDHC provides 24-hour service, receiving and forwarding reports of human rights violations to the competent authorities. In addition to this, the Ombudsman’s Office has multiple channels for receiving complaints: a website with a chat and video call system in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras); and assistance via Telegram and WhatsApp. The Human Rights Hotline is also responsible for disseminating information and guidance about actions, programs, campaigns, and services available at the federal, state, municipal, and Federal District levels.

14.It is worth noting that investigating complaints is not within its scope of responsibility. After registration, the complaint is forwarded to a support network composed of the agencies responsible for the final implementation of the victim protection policy.

Reply to paragraph 2 (h) of the list of issues

15.The Program for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, Communicators, and Environmentalists (PPDDH) was established by Decree No. 9,937/2019, amended by Decree No. 11,867/2023, and regulated by Ordinance No. 507/2022. According to the aforementioned ordinance, children and adolescents are not direct beneficiaries of the Defenders Program. Their inclusion would only be possible as part of the protected individual’s family unit. The responsibility for protecting children and adolescents exposed to serious and imminent threats falls under the Program for the Protection of Children and Adolescents Threatened with Death (PPCAAM), created in 2003 and established by Decree No. 6,231/2007. PPCAAM intervenes when conventional means of preventing or addressing the threat have been exhausted.

Reply to paragraph 2 (i) of the list of issues

16.The Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA) imposes penalties on businesses that violate children’s rights, including failure to comply with age ratings, selling alcohol, and enabling sexual exploitation. To reinforce ethical standards, the Ministry of Tourism launched the Brazilian Code of Conduct (2018), guiding businesses in preventing child sexual exploitation.

17.In 2024, the Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC) established an Interministerial Working Group to develop the National Policy on Human Rights and Businesses, aiming to enhance public policies through broad consultations. Additionally, Law No. 15,073/2024 amended the General Tourism Law, incorporating child protection into the National Tourism Policy and increasing penalties for businesses involved in sexual exploitation.

Reply to paragraph 3 of the list of issues

18.The Ministry of Education (MEC) has strengthened equity and inclusion policies through the National Policy on Equity, Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations, and Quilombola School Education (Ordinance No. 470/2024), aimed at promoting inclusion and combating discrimination. In 2024, the Continuing Education Program for Basic Education Professionals offered 16 courses, benefiting 14,400 participants with a R$ 4.2 million investment in operational costs and R$ 4.1 million in scholarships. Additionally, the MEC developed thematic booklets and established a Working Group (Ordinance No. 614/2024) to propose strategies against bullying, prejudice, and discrimination in schools. The Pluriannual Plan (PPA) 2024–2027 and the National Strategy to Combat Violence Against LGBTQIA+ Persons (Ordinance No. 756/2023) reinforce these efforts by creating safe educational environments, addressing violence, and strengthening protection networks. Furthermore, Resolution No. 2/2023 of the National Council for the Rights of LGBTQIA+ Persons provides guidelines to ensure access, retention, and protection of LGBTQIA+ individuals in schools.

19.In parallel, the Federal Police launched the “Guardians of Childhood” Program (2024) to prevent sexual abuse and combat racist, homophobic, transphobic, and xenophobic attitudes in educational settings. Within a few months, the program conducted 135 lectures, including 89 for adolescents, 18 for family members, 16 for teachers, and 12 for other stakeholders. These efforts have trained 4,222 adolescents, 817 family members, 616 teachers, and 311 professionals, including guardianship council members, administrators, and educational assistants. By integrating education, law enforcement, and social policies, these initiatives strengthen inclusive education, human rights protections, and the fight against discrimination in schools and communities.

Reply to paragraph 4 of the list of issues

20.Brazil has prioritized eradicating under-registration and ensuring universal access to civil documentation through the National Commitment to Eradicate Under-Registration (Decree No. 10,063/2019). This initiative promotes state and municipal engagement in integrated actions and the National Week of Mobilization for Civil Birth Registration. In 2023, the National Council of Justice (CNJ) intensified efforts with the Program to Combat Civil Under-Registration, issuing 66,070 birth certificates nationwide. Key strategies include the “Register Yourself!” campaign for socially vulnerable populations, hospital-based birth registration through the “Cry, Register” Program, and specialized measures such as Provision No. 63 (standardizing birth certificates, including for assisted reproduction cases) and Joint Resolution No. 3 (facilitating Indigenous birth registration). Additionally, the federal government, in collaboration with UNICEF and international organizations, developed a Guide for Protecting Unaccompanied, Separated, and Undocumented Children.

21.MDHC has led targeted initiatives to expand documentation access in vulnerable regions. The Marajó Citizenship Program (Ordinance No. 292/2023) deployed Mobile Ombudsman actions to provide civil registration services in remote areas. In Roraima, the government launched the Plan for Yanomami and Ye’kwana Indigenous Youth, ensuring birth documentation for Indigenous children. Additionally, in 2024, 19 Mobile Actions were carried out across the country, further facilitating civil registration for historically underserved populations. These measures reinforce the government’s commitment to reducing statelessness, strengthening legal identity, and promoting social inclusion.

Reply to paragraph 5 (a) of the list of issues

22.Brazil has reinforced child protection through initiatives ensuring sufficient human, technical, and financial resources. The National Council of the Public Prosecutor’s Office (CNMP) introduced Recommendation No. 33/2016, mandating the structuring of Prosecutor’s Offices for Children and Youth, and Resolution No. 293/2024, which defines the role of public prosecutors in ensuring family and community life for children in foster care. Additionally, Joint Recommendation No. 2/2024 focuses on expanding and strengthening Foster Family Care Services.

23.The National Council of Justice (CNJ) established parameters for multidisciplinary teams, ensuring their inclusion in the CNJ Quality Award and promoted the creation of exclusive Courts for Children and Youth. Meanwhile, the Federal Police strengthened efforts to combat cybercrimes related to child and adolescent sexual abuse.

24.Under the Social Assistance Policy, Brazil operates over 2,900 Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers (CREAS) and approximately 250 specialized centers for homeless populations and day centers for persons with disabilities and the elderly. Additionally, a Foster Care Guide was developed to support managers and technical teams, including multimedia materials and e-learning courses. The reorganization of foster care services has helped prevent overcapacity in institutional care, with only 7.7% of facilities exceeding their capacity by 2023.

25.The Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC) has played a central role in strengthening the System for the Guarantee of Rights of Children and Adolescents (SGDCA). Efforts include launching 14 Schools for Councils in partnership with federal universities, with a budget of R$ 7.58 million, training 15,639 professionals across 1,699 municipalities. The ministry also provided logistical support to Guardianship Councils, equipping 599 municipalities in 2023 and 81 in 2024, with donations of 355 assets, including 53 vehicles. The Information System for Children and Adolescents (SIPIA CT) was updated, with 2,449 councils using it and over 390,000 records logged between 2023 and 2024. Additionally, the Child and Adolescent Statute was translated into Tikuna, improving access to rights for indigenous populations. The National School for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (ENDICA) continues to offer training for rights council and guardianship council members.

26.The State Public Defender’s Offices have expanded Specialized Centers for Child and Adolescent Rights to address collective demands while ensuring dedicated Public Defender’s Offices for children and youth cases. These offices provide judicial and extrajudicial representation, advocating for strategic child protection issues.

Reply to paragraph 5 (b) of the list of issues

27.The implementation of Law 14,344/2022 reinforces the principle of keeping children and adolescents within their family environment, prioritizing the removal of the aggressor instead of the victim. Data from the 2023 CensoSUAS indicate that 22% of foster placements were related to domestic violence, including physical and psychological abuse, intrafamilial sexual violence, and family conflicts. Additionally, a diagnostic report from the CNJ highlights that 15% of foster care cases stem from family conflicts, emphasizing the need for protective measures under the law. The integration of Electronic Judicial Processes (PJE) in foster care services has improved communication and coordination between intersectoral services, strengthening the law’s impact.

28.The Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS and CREAS) play a crucial role in implementing protective measures, offering psychosocial support, legal assistance, and emergency services for children and adolescents exposed to violence. Public Defenders further strengthen these efforts by providing specialized legal support, rights education, and protection actions, ensuring the safety of children, adolescents, and women in vulnerable situations. The combined actions of social assistance networks, legal frameworks, and judicial mechanisms contribute to reducing domestic violence and enhancing family protection policies across Brazil.

Reply to paragraph 5 (c) of the list of issues

29.Law No. 13,811/2019 was enacted, which amends Article 1,520 of the Civil Code to eliminate the legal exceptions permitting child marriage. The new wording is as follows: “Marriage shall not be allowed in any case for individuals who have not reached the legal age for marriage, in accordance with the provisions of Article 1,517 of this Code.” It is worth noting that, in Brazil, the legal age for marriage is 16 years.

Reply to paragraph 5 (d) of the list of issues

30.The federal government has prioritized social protection services for adolescents in socio-educational measures, aiming to prevent their involvement with gangs and facilitate their rehabilitation and reintegration. Key initiatives include Assisted Freedom (LA) and Community Service (PSC), with financial co-financing for open custody socio-educational measures, which more than doubled between 2021 and 2023, reaching R$ 60 million in 2024. These efforts are guided by CNAS Resolution No. 7/2018, which sets financial benchmarks for adolescent support services.

31.The “Fazendo Justiça” Program, led by the National Council of Justice (CNJ) in partnership with the UNDP and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP), has introduced structural reforms in rehabilitation. CNJ resolutions established a State Socio‑Educational System Vacancy Central, set rules for judicial inspections, and created a National Inspection Registry to collect data on adolescents in the juvenile justice system. Additionally, legal provisions allow for the replacement of deprivation of liberty for pregnant women, parents, and caregivers of children with disabilities, aligning with Supreme Court habeas corpus decisions.

32.The Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC) has reinforced its policy monitoring and research initiatives, including the National Survey on Socio-Educational Care, revision of the National Socio-Educational Care Plan, and international monitoring of protective measures in Espírito Santo and Ceará. Adolescents under socio-educational measures have been integrated into key federal programs, such as the Menstrual Dignity Program, Pé de Meia (educational incentives), and PRONASCI Youth (violence prevention). Institutional strengthening efforts include the restructuring of SIPIA-SINASE, the establishment of state socio-education schools, and new agreements for socio-educational unit equipment.

33.Lastly, specific measures for adolescent girls in the justice system have been reinforced through CNAS Resolution No. 233/2022, which defines guidelines and care parameters for detained girls within the National Socio-Educational Service System (SINASE). Additionally, architectural and communication accessibility standards are being implemented to enhance the conditions of socio-educational units, ensuring a more inclusive and rehabilitative approach to juvenile justice.

Reply to paragraph 5 (e) of the list of issues

34.Brazil has reinforced protections for children and adolescents exposed to violence, focusing on preventing re-victimization in public institutions. The country has forged key partnerships, including agreements with the Ministry of Justice, Public Security, and UNODC, such as the Protocol of Intentions to Eliminate Violence Against Children and participation in the 1st Global Ministerial Conference on Ending Violence Against Children (Bogotá). Additionally, Brazil leads annual operations against sexual exploitation, such as “Aliados por la Infancia” (targeting online sexual crimes) and “Bad Vibes” (addressing Viber-related crimes). Institutional measures include CNMP Resolutions No. 287 & 298, which established an integrated victim protection system and a National Registry of Violence Cases, as well as judicial recommendations for specialized listening protocols in cases of school violence and parental alienation.

35.Efforts to strengthen the child protection system have also focused on institutional care and reintegration. According to CensoSUAS 2023, 28,505 children and adolescents left institutional care or foster services, with 51% reintegrated into nuclear families, 30% placed with extended families, and 18% adopted. However, 4,464 cases (18%) required reentry due to recidivism. To enhance responses, the government has equipped four Integrated Care Centers (AM, PR, BA, and RJ), reinstated the Intersectoral Commission for Combating Sexual Violence (Decree No. 11.533/2023), and launched national awareness campaigns during Carnival, May 18 (Child Protection Awareness), and Child Labor Prevention efforts. Key publications, such as MAPEAR 2.0, the Specialized Listening Guide, and manuals for integrated care center implementation, guide policy advancements. Additionally, initiatives like the IV National Plan for Combating Human Trafficking (Decree No. 12.121/2024) and the Cidadania Marajó Program (Ordinance No. 292/2023) aim to prevent sexual violence and enhance victim protections, while Interministerial Ordinance MJSP/MTE No. 46/2024 ensures residence permit guidelines for trafficking victims, including special provisions for unaccompanied minors.

Reply to paragraph 5 (f) of the list of issues

36.The Brazilian State has intensified efforts to combat child and youth lethality through policies such as the National Program for Combating Violence against Children and Adolescents, the Interministerial Commission for Combating Violence against Children and Adolescents (Decree No. 10,701/2021), and the National Pact for Combating Lethal Violence against Children and Adolescents (Decree No. 11,074/2022). In 2023, the Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC) expanded the Protection Program for Children and Adolescents Threatened with Death (PPCAAM) to 22 federative units, securing agreements with Goiás, Roraima, Amapá, and Mato Grosso do Sul. Additionally, the MDHC signed a Technical Cooperation Agreement with the Legislative Assembly of Ceará to enhance homicide prevention among adolescents and established a partnership with UNDP and FLACSO to improve protection programs (PPCAAM, PROVITA, and PPDDH).

37.The Ministry of Justice and Public Security reinforced these measures through Project Lumini, which integrates Civil Police, Identification Institutes, and Forensic Institutes to track missing children and adolescents. Additionally, the Amber Alerts system was launched in the Federal District, Ceará, and Minas Gerais, enabling rapid emergency responses to child disappearances. The Federal Police is strengthening investigative capacity through homicide investigation training, human rights response protocols, and victim profiling research. Furthermore, a landmark ruling by the Supreme Federal Court (ADPF No. 635) now prohibits police operations near schools during class hours, ensuring safer educational environments for children and adolescents.

38.To reduce lethal violence against black Brazilian youth, the Ministry of Racial Equality (MIR) is developing the “Juventude Negra Viva” (“Black Youth Alive”) plan, aimed at reducing homicides and social vulnerabilities, as well as promoting ministerial policies dedicated to black youth.

Reply to paragraph 6 of the list of issues

39.The Foster Family Care Service (SFA) and the number of registered foster families more than tripled between 2010 and 2021. The number of children placed in SFA during this period increased by 104%, while institutional care services decreased by 26.04%.

40.Beyond the SFA, deinstitutionalization efforts include promotion and prevention actions within the framework of social assistance work with families. Notably, discussions on subsidized guardianship/guardian family programs have expanded. Data from the 2023 CensoSUAS indicate that 1,683 children and adolescents are currently served by subsidized guardianship programs, distributed among 918 families.

41.Within the scope of the Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC), the following initiatives were highlighted between 2023 and 2024:

(a)Development of a joint recommendation on foster family care services;

(b)Endorsement of the National Pact for Early Childhood;

(c)Provision of a Specialization Course on Early Childhood for the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System (SGD), through the National School of Human Rights and Citizenship (ENDICA);

(d)Organization of a webinar and public consultation to update the National Plan for Family and Community Living.

Reply to paragraph 7 of the list of issues

42.Between 2018 and 2023, the School Census recorded significant advances. Enrollments in special education grew from 1.18 million to 1.77 million, representing 3.7% of total students in 2023. Integration into regular classrooms increased from 85.9% to 91.3%, while Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) expanded from 19.4% (2009) to 38.2% (2023). Student retention improved from 72.4% (2009) to 85.8% (2022), and failure rates dropped from 23.8% (2008) to 12.8% (2022). Additionally, the dropout rate fell from 3.3% (2010) to 1.4% (2022), and age-grade distortion declined from 67.5% (2010) to 31% (2022).

43.Efforts include 27 monitoring observatories for special education policies and the training of 8,250 teachers in inclusive education, 63,000 teachers and 106,000 school administrators via RENAFOR, 3,500 professionals in bilingual education, and 1,000 teachers in Paralympic sports. Infrastructure investments have equipped 38,000 schools with resource rooms, provided 1,500 accessible school buses, and distributed 95,000 assistive devices and 72,000 Braille books to students with visual impairments. Additionally, 1,250 full-time schools and 2,500 daycare centers have been made fully accessible. Financially, schools serving students with disabilities receive additional PDDE funding, and the BPC at School Program has benefited 425,000 students.

44.The “Back Home” program, under Law No. 10,708/2003, promotes psychosocial rehabilitation, with financial aid increased from R$ 500 to R$ 755 (June 2024). The Foster Family Care Service plays a crucial role in transitioning children with disabilities from institutional settings to family environments.

Reply to paragraph 8 (a) of the list of issues

45.The Family Health Strategy (ESF) has expanded, increasing co-financed teams from 48,817 (Dec/2022) to 50,804 (Jan/2024), strengthening primary healthcare access.

46.The Alyne Network (Ordinance GM/MS No. 5,350/2024) enhances the Stork Network (Rede Cegonha) to reduce maternal mortality and improve neonatal care. Key actions include the Qualineo Strategy, which has trained 159 neonatal professionals, and the Kangaroo Method, integrating prenatal to postnatal care, training 1,825 professionals. Breastfeeding promotion efforts include 96,618 professionals trained, 317 hospitals certified in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), and 233 Milk Banks in operation. Additionally, 6.5 million Child’s Health Records were distributed, and a Child Development Care Course is training 20,000 professionals with 27 state support centers.

47.The National Immunization Program (PNI) provides 47 immunobiologicals, including 30 vaccines, ensuring coverage across all life stages, with special strategies for vulnerable populations. Brazil maintains its leadership in disease elimination, with measles elimination recertified (2024), rubella controlled since 2015, and polio eradication sustained since 1994. The country also leads in meningitis control and has a pioneering public dengue vaccination program. The National Vaccination Movement continues promoting immunization through public awareness campaigns.

Reply to paragraph 8 (b) of the list of issues

48.The Brazilian government has taken several measures to provide the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (SESAI) with adequate human, technical, and financial resources. SESAI employs over 20,000 professionals, with more than 50% of its certified healthcare professionals being indigenous themselves. This ensures a culturally sensitive approach to healthcare delivery. SESAI is responsible for all aspects of indigenous health, including routine exams, vaccinations, prenatal care, child and dental care, and treatment of clinical diseases. It also ensures medical infrastructure and sanitation actions.

49.In 2024, the Brazilian government allocated a budget of BRL 1.2 billion to support initiatives for the Yanomami indigenous people, which includes enhancing health services. Additionally, there has been a significant increase in health professionals in the Yanomami territory, with a 155% rise. The government has reopened all 37 existing Health Base Hubs in the Yanomami territory and constructed six new Basic Indigenous Health Units, bringing the total to 40. A Reference Center in Surucucu is under construction to provide medium complexity medical care.

Reply to paragraph 8 (c) of the list of issues

50.The National Food and Nutrition Security Policy, implemented through the National Food and Nutrition Security System, ensures the human right to adequate food in Brazil. In 2024, the National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN) marked 25 years, with 100% of municipalities receiving financial incentives and a funding increase to R$140 million (Ordinance GM/MS No. 5,836/2024). Resource distribution now considers population size, the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS), and malnutrition prevalence based on SISVAN data.

51.Key initiatives for child and adolescent nutrition include updated Food Guides and the publication of technical materials to guide nutritional care in Primary Health Care (PHC). Training efforts through the Open University of SUS (UNA-SUS) led to nearly 120,000 graduates in courses on nutrition for young children, overweight and malnourished children, and the use of food guide protocols. Additionally, the Amamenta e Alimenta Strategy (EAAB) was revised, reinforcing breastfeeding support and healthy complementary feeding in PHC services.

Reply to paragraph 8 (d) of the list of issues

52.The National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (Conanda) approved, in December 2024, Resolution No. 25,811, concerning the care for children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence and the guarantee of their rights, including access to abortion.

53.Among the actions of State Public Defender’s Offices, noteworthy initiatives include the publication of the booklet “Voluntary Surrender for Adoption: Promoting the Rights of Women and Children” by the Paraná Public Defender’s Office, as well as educational initiatives addressing topics such as pregnancy prevention.

Reply to paragraph 8 (e) of the list of issues

54.Brazil has implemented comprehensive measures to enhance children’s and adolescents’ access to sexual and reproductive healthcare, particularly in HIV/AIDS and STI prevention. As a signatory of PAHO/WHO and UNAIDS goals, the country prioritizes eliminating vertical transmission (VT) and expanding preventive strategies.

55.A key achievement is Brazil’s Subnational Certification for the Elimination of VT of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, and Chagas disease. National guidelines emphasize early diagnosis and treatment during prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care, while the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines (PCDT) ensure specialized care for children born to HIV‑positive mothers, including infant formula provision and the contraindication of breastfeeding.

56.Access to HPV vaccination has been prioritized for victims of sexual abuse, while Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) has been available through SUS since 1999, playing a crucial role in preventing HIV, hepatitis B/C, and other STIs. Updates to the PCDT-PEP reinforce maternal and child healthcare, and the Seal of Good Practices (2024) has expanded certification to hepatitis B and Chagas disease.

57.To strengthen prevention efforts, 151 municipalities have been certified for eliminating VT of HIV between 2017 and 2024, benefiting over 106 million people nationwide. A public consultation on the 2024 guide is underway to further improve national policies.

Reply to paragraph 8 (f) of the list of issues

58.The Managing Committee for this National Policy was established under Decree No. 10,225/2020, with the objectives of implementing the National Policy (Law No. 13,819/2019) and strengthening permanent education and health strategies, particularly in the areas of communication, prevention, and care. In July 2021, the Committee approved its Work Plan.

59.Within the scope of the Ministry of Health (MS), the Working Group on Mental Health for Children, Adolescents, and Youth was created, aimed at providing recommendations for updating the Mental Health Program for this group within the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) of the Unified Health System (SUS).

Reply to paragraph 8 (g) of the list of issues

60.The Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) is essential in providing healthcare for vulnerable children and adolescents affected by substance abuse. Its Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) and Child Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS i) specialize in treating severe psychological distress related to alcohol and drug use. Currently, 324 CAPS i and 1,522 Type 1 CAPS are accredited, reinforcing community-based mental health care.

61.Several national initiatives support these efforts. The National Strategy for Access to Rights for Black and Periphery Populations in Drug Policy (2023) expands justice and care networks in marginalized areas, with projects in Fortaleza, Barra Mansa, and Salvador. The CRIA – Prevention and Citizenship Program (2024) focuses on substance abuse and violence prevention, using evidence-based methodologies like Elos, #Tamojunto, and Strong Families, aiming to reach 66,000 children and 67,000 families. Additionally, PRONASCI Youth, part of PRONASCI II (Decree No. 11,436/2023), operates in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, targeting 15–24-year-olds in high-risk communities.

62.A major regulatory milestone, Resolution No. 249/2024 by CONANDA, prohibits placing children in therapeutic communities, ensuring family and community-based care as the primary response. This measure strengthens health and social assistance networks, aligning with international human rights standards to support reintegration and well-being.

Reply to paragraph 8 (h) of the list of issues

63.The Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS i) stands out as a specialized service for children and adolescents experiencing intense and persistent psychological distress, including those affected by alcohol and drug use and other clinical conditions that hinder the ability to establish social bonds and pursue life projects.

64.After a period of stagnation and setbacks in mental health policies, 2023 marked a resumption of service implementation and expansion. Currently, Brazil has 324 CAPS i and 1,522 CAPS type 1.

65.The CAPS go beyond a disease-centered approach, offering comprehensive care that focuses on children and adolescents, supports families and caregivers, and considers the social determinants involved, as well as the specific needs of each case.

66.Additionally, the creation of the Working Group on Mental Health for Children, Adolescents, and Youth reinforces the commitment to strengthening policies for this population.

Reply to paragraph 8 (i) of the list of issues

67.Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are legally recognized as persons with disabilities in Brazil and are covered by the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Persons with Disabilities (PNAISPD) and the Care Network for Persons with Disabilities (RCPD), updated in 2023 (Ordinance GM/MS No. 1,526). While primary health care units serve as the first point of contact, more complex cases are referred to specialized outpatient services and Specialized Rehabilitation Centers (CERs), with 325 CERs authorized nationwide. The RCPD is also part of the National Plan for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – New Living Without Limits, which includes initiatives such as the accreditation of Rehabilitation Reference Centers within the SUS, new monthly funding for ASD care, updated ASD-specific guidelines, and 27 TEAtivo program centers across all federal units, ensuring expanded access to specialized support.

68.Additionally, the Specialized Health Care Program for the Transgender Population (PAES-PopTrans) aims to enhance health services for transgender children and adolescents within the SUS. Taking an intersectoral approach, the program establishes structured care pathways and proposes the creation of two types of Specialized Outpatient Clinics (SA) and three types of Surgical Services (SC). These measures seek to expand accessibility and provide comprehensive, specialized support for transgender youth, reinforcing Brazil’s commitment to inclusive health care.

Reply to paragraph 9 (a) of the list of issues

69.The Bolsa Família Program (PBF), established by Law No. 14,601/2023, is Brazil’s leading income transfer initiative, internationally recognized for reducing child poverty and promoting social inclusion. Beyond financial aid, the program integrates health, education, and social assistance policies, aiming to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty and protect children from malnutrition, child labor, and violence. Conditionalities such as school attendance, nutritional follow-ups, and vaccinations ensure that families actively contribute to their children’s well-being. Additionally, the tailored benefit model adjusts payments based on family composition, prioritizing early childhood development to improve long-term educational and socio-emotional outcomes. As of December 2024, 20.8 million families receive benefits, totaling R$ 14.08 billion, with an average transfer of R$ 678.36 per family. Targeted investments include R$ 1.30 billion for 9.2 million children under seven, alongside support for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and adolescents, reinforcing the program’s role in reducing inequalities and ensuring social protection.

70.Complementing Bolsa Família, the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) has intensified efforts to eradicate child labor and integrate affected children into protection networks. In 2024, labor inspections led to the removal of 9,000 children and adolescents from exploitative conditions, with over 22,000 inspections conducted. Rescued children were referred to Child Protection Councils, the Public Prosecutor’s Office, social assistance programs, education services, health care, and apprenticeship initiatives for adolescents aged 14 and older. This intersectoral approach ensures that vulnerable children and adolescents receive not only financial aid but also comprehensive social protection, fostering long-term development and opportunities.

Reply to paragraph 9 (b) of the list of issues

71.The Água Doce Program is an initiative aimed at expanding access to potable water in rural and remote areas through the implementation of desalination systems. By the end of 2024, more than 1,000 systems had been installed, benefiting approximately 260,000 people.

72.The program is managed in partnership with state and municipal governments and represents a crucial action for water security in regions facing scarcity of potable water. The active participation of young people and women in management committees ensures the sustainability of the actions and promotes equitable access to water resources.

Reply to paragraph 10 (a) of the list of issues

73.Brazil prioritizes child protection from environmental hazards, including polluted air, water, soil, food contamination, and natural disasters. The 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul highlighted the need for emergency child protection. The National Policy on Civil Protection and Defense (Law No. 12,608/12) ensures a coordinated response, integrating human rights monitoring. The Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC) activated Dial 100 to report mistreatment and rights violations in shelters, strengthening oversight during crises.

74.The Federal Government implemented key measures, such as the State Watershed Program, enhancing flood management. The Amazon Protection System (CENSIPAM) provided 100+ risk reports, improving disaster response. The MDHC’s National Secretariat for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (SNDCA) deployed ten officials to assess shelters. Additionally, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock supported economic recovery through Ordinances No. 1,108/2024 and No. 1,114/2024, simplifying farm regulations.

75.Further child protection initiatives include CONANDA’s May 2024 recommendation on child protection in climate disasters and Ordinance No. 218/2023, which established the MDHC’s Disaster Response Protocol. The government also launched the Climate Plan and published the “Emergencies in SUAS: What to Do?” Guide (2023). Recommendations for housing unaccompanied children were aligned with the National Joint Protocol for the Protection of Vulnerable Groups in Disasters (2012), ensuring structured and inclusive emergency responses.

Reply to paragraph 10 (b) of the list of issues

76.Interministerial Ordinance No. 11/2024 has been published, convening the 6th National Children and Youth Conference on the Environment, scheduled for 2025. The conference aims to mobilize young people to learn about and engage in climate justice actions within their local contexts.

77.Key CONANDA Initiatives:

(a)Resolution No. 159/2013 highlights the importance of child and adolescent participation and the principle of diversity in spaces where their rights are discussed;

(b)Resolution No. 191/2017 established the Adolescent Participation Committee (CPA) as a permanent consultative body within CONANDA;

(c)During the Rio Grande do Sul floods, the CPA took part in discussions on the Recommendation for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents in Climate Risk and Disaster Situations.

78.In partnership with the National Secretariat for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (MDHC) and the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (Flacso Brazil), CONANDA is advancing this project to ensure meaningful youth participation in COP 30, which will be held in Brazil in 2025.

Reply to paragraph 11 (a) of the list of issues

79.Decree No. 11,611/2023 was published, repealing Decree No. 10,004/2019, which had established the National Program of Civic-Military Schools. Following the publication of this decree, a Demobilization Plan was developed, with a final implementation deadline of December 29, 2023.

80.Currently, public education policies undertaken by the State must be based on the National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (Law No. 9,394/96) and the National Education Plan 2014–2024 (Law No. 13,005/2014), which does not include the Armed Forces as participants in the educational system.

Reply to paragraph 11 (b) of the list of issues

81.The National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is central to Brazil’s food security strategy, providing over 50 million meals daily to more than 40 million students in all 5,570 municipalities, including urban, rural, Indigenous, and Quilombola communities. Recognized globally, the program integrates legal, nutritional, financial, and local development strategies to ensure healthy school meals.

82.Recent legal and policy measures include Decree No. 11,821/2023, setting guidelines for healthy eating in schools, and Law No. 14,660/2023, which prioritizes women-led family farming groups in food procurement. Nutritional standards were strengthened by banning ultra-processed foods for children under three and increasing fresh food requirements to 520g per week for full-time students and 280g for part-time students.

83.In 2023, federal funding for PNAE increased by 39%, rising from R$ 4 billion to R$ 5.5 billion, the first budget expansion in five years. Funds are allocated to states, municipalities, and federal schools, covering 200 school days annually. PNAE also boosts local economies by prioritizing food purchases from family farmers, fostering social inclusion and fresh food availability.

84.Brazil leads in international school feeding initiatives, co-chairing the Global School Meals Coalition (99 countries) and partnering with FAO, WFP, and RAES to promote sustainable school feeding policies. A new Brazil-FAO International Cooperation Agreement (2024–2027), signed in November 2023, reinforces this commitment.

Reply to paragraph 11 (c) of the list of issues

85.The National Commission for the Eradication of Child Labor (CONAETI) is developing the IV National Plan and creating a National Service Flow for Victims of Child Labor. As part of this effort, the Commission is evaluating the III National Plan (2019–2022) by gathering data from relevant institutions. Preliminary findings suggest positive progress in reducing child labor.

86.According to the 2023 Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADc), 1.607 million children and adolescents (ages 5 to 17) were in child labor, a 14.6% decrease from 2022 and 23.9% lower than in 2016. The employment rate among this group fell from 4.9% in 2022 to 4.2% in 2023, its lowest level since 2016. Additionally, the number of children engaged in the worst forms of child labor dropped by 22.5%, reaching 586,000 in 2023.

Reply to paragraph 12 (a) of the list of issues

87.The Ministry of Social Development (MDS) and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP) collaborate to facilitate migration regularization in Brazil and ensure migrants’ inclusion in the Unified Registry for Social Programs (Cadastro Único). Within the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), migrants receive social assistance services, including legal aid through partnerships with the Justice System and Rights Protection System. Additionally, multiple federal agencies contributed to the Guide for the Protection of Unaccompanied, Separated, and Undocumented Children and Adolescents, which strengthens existing policies to prevent family separation, ensure security, and guarantee access to rights in Brazil.

88.State Public Defender’s Offices play a key role in ensuring migrant rights through various initiatives. These include participating in public civil actions before the Federal Court regarding Venezuelan Indigenous peoples, networking to protect migrants’ rights, providing legal assistance for guardianship regularization, and offering free DNA testing to confirm family ties. These actions reinforce Brazil’s commitment to supporting migrants, particularly vulnerable children and adolescents.

Reply to paragraph 12 (b) of the list of issues

89.Brazil implements several measures aimed at reducing statelessness, in line with its international commitments. The country adopts both jus soli and jus sanguinis principles for nationality recognition, ensuring that no child born on Brazilian territory is denied their right to nationality.

90.Through the procedure for requesting recognition of statelessness, children born outside Brazil who reside in the country can have their stateless status recognized and subsequently apply for Brazilian naturalization through a facilitated process. This ensures their right to nationality and grants access to a range of other rights.

91.Additionally, the Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC) provides the “Clique Cidadania” mobile application, which offers information on the statelessness recognition procedure, required documentation, and other relevant details on the topic.

Reply to paragraph 12 (c) of the list of issues

92.The removal of Indigenous children and adolescents from their families in the context of territorial reclamation by their communities has been a frequent violation of the right to family and community life, as guaranteed by Brazilian law and international human rights treaties.

93.To prevent such violations, the National Foundation for Indigenous Peoples (Funai) monitors cases of institutionalization and requests for the suspension of parental authority, seeking to ensure the rights of Indigenous children and their communities while preserving their cultural and ancestral ties, in accordance with Normative Instruction No. 1/2016.

94.Additionally, the National Human Rights Council (CNDH) issued Resolution No. 10/2018, which establishes human rights protection measures and preventive actions in collective land conflicts in both rural and urban areas. The resolution includes guidelines for the protection of specific groups, such as Indigenous peoples, children, and adolescents.

Reply to paragraph 12 (d) of the list of issues

95.The National Commission for the Eradication of Child Labor (CONAETI) is currently developing the IV National Plan and establishing a National Service Flow for Children and Adolescents Victims of Child Labor. As part of this effort, the Commission is assessing the III National Plan (2019–2022) by collecting data from relevant institutions. While the evaluation is still ongoing, preliminary findings indicate positive results in Brazil’s fight against child labor.

96.According to the 2023 Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADc), Brazil recorded 1.607 million children and adolescents (ages 5 to 17) in child labor, marking a 14.6% decrease from 2022 (1.881 million) and a 23.9% reduction since 2016 (2.112 million). The child and adolescent employment rate also dropped from 4.9% in 2022 to 4.2% in 2023, the lowest percentage since 2016. Furthermore, the number of children engaged in the worst forms of child labor fell by 22.5%, from 756,000 in 2022 to 586,000 in 2023.

Reply to paragraph 12 (e) of the list of issues

97.In response to the Supreme Federal Court (STF) ruling (ADPF No. 976), the Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC) launched the Ruas Visíveis Plan in December 2023 to protect the rights of children and adolescents in street situations. This initiative includes a new service model tailored to their needs, guidance for school enrollment, and a pilot housing project under the Moradia Cidadã Program, offering 150 housing units, prioritizing families with children and pregnant women. Additionally, the MDHC is enhancing data collection and indicators to support evidence-based policies. The Social Assistance policy is guided by Joint Resolution No. 1/2017 (CONANDA and CNAS), which establishes Political and Methodological Guidelines for assisting children in street situations.

98.Within SUAS, efforts focus on proactive outreach, continuous engagement, and individualized assistance plans, ensuring coordination with local services and family support networks. Protection measures include awareness campaigns, guidance, and referrals to specialized services. To strengthen these initiatives, the federal government allocated R$ 160.9 million from January to September 2024 to municipalities, states, and the Federal District as co-financing for medium-complexity services, such as the Special Protection Service for Individuals and Families (PAEFI) and the Specialized Social Protection Service for People in Street Situations.

Reply to paragraph 12 (f) of the list of issues

99.The Public Prosecutor’s Offices oversee youth detention and semi-freedom facilities, as well as the situation of young people deprived of liberty in public prisons, in accordance with Resolution No. 67/2011. Data on monitoring activities conducted under Resolution No. 293/2024 and Resolution No. 67/2011, along with the corresponding measures taken, can be accessed via Tableau.

100.The National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA) published Resolution No. 252/2024, which establishes national guidelines for the security and comprehensive protection of adolescents and young people under restrictive and deprived liberty measures within the National Socio-Educational Assistance System.

Reply to paragraph 13 of the list of issues

101.Brazil has approved the Disarmament Statute and applied the provisions of the Optional Protocol, ensuring that the country is legally committed to preventing the involvement of children in armed conflict. Although Brazil has not been involved in any armed conflicts with neighboring countries for over 130 years, which means it does not currently face issues related to children in armed conflict within its borders, the country has played a significant role in international discussions on children and armed conflict, including presiding over UN Security Council debates on the topic.

Part two

Reply to paragraph 14 (a) of the list of issues

Bill No. 2,710/2019 – Establishes fines for hotels, motels, or similar establishments that accommodate children or adolescents unaccompanied by their parents or legal guardians, or without written authorization from them or a judicial authority.

Bill No. 2,892/2019 – Establishes the National Policy to Combat Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents and amends Law No. 8,069/1990 (Child and Adolescent Statute) to define measures to combat sexual violence against children and adolescents.

Bill No. 2,891/2020 – Expands the scope for law enforcement agents to infiltrate online environments to investigate crimes against the sexual dignity of children and adolescents.

Bill No. 76/2020 – Establishes and regulates the profession of Caregiver for the Elderly, Children, Persons with Disabilities, and Persons with Rare Diseases.

Bill No. 2,291/2021 – Grants a special pension to children and adolescents whose parents or legal guardians have died as a result of COVID-19.

Bill No. 4,272/2024 – Criminalizes and classifies as a heinous crime the production, dissemination, and possession of AI-generated or deepfake content simulating child pornography.

Constitutional Amendment Proposal (PEC) No. 54/2023 – Establishes the imprescriptibility of the crime of human trafficking.

Bill No. 1,898/2024 – Introduces an aggravating factor in the Penal Code to increase sentences for crimes against the sexual dignity of children, adolescents, youth, women, and persons in vulnerable situations due to a declared public calamity.

Bill No. 2,464/2021 – Mandates educational institutions, both public and private, to report pregnancies of students under 14 years of age.

Bill No. 1,888/2023 – Establishes measures to combat sexual crimes against children and adolescents in airports, aircraft, and transportation companies.

Bill No. 2,293/2023 – Expands the legal definition of statutory rape.

PEC No. 18/2011 – Amends Article 7 of the Federal Constitution to authorize part‑time work from the age of 14.

PEC No. 4/2019 – Amends Article 228 of the Federal Constitution to lower the age of criminal liability.

Legislative Decree Proposal No. 322/2024 – Suspends Resolution No. 249 of the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA), which prohibits the placement of adolescents in therapeutic communities.

Bill No. 168/2021 – Amends Law No. 8,242/1991 to revoke CONANDA’s deliberative powers.

Bill No. 4,256/2019 – Grants the right to carry firearms to socio-educational system officers.

Bill No. 2,628/2022 – Establishes measures for the protection of children and adolescents in digital environments.

Law No. 14,344/2022 – Establishes mechanisms for the prevention and response to domestic and family violence against children and adolescents.

Law No. 15,069/2024 – Establishes the National Care Policy.

Law No. 14,826/2024 – Establishes positive parenting and the right to play as intersectoral strategies for preventing violence against children.

Law No. 15,032/2024 – Amends the General Sports Law to condition the transfer of public funds on the implementation of protection measures against sexual abuse.

Law No. 14,979/2024 – Establishes a national adoption registry.

Law No. 14,880/2024 – Establishes the National Policy on Early Care (specialized educational services for children aged 0 to 3).

Law No. 14,811/2024 – Establishes protection measures against violence in educational institutions, creates the National Policy for the Prevention and Combat of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse and Exploitation, and amends the Penal Code, the Law on Heinous Crimes, and the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA).

Reply to paragraph 14 (b) of the list of issues

102.Brazil has strengthened its Child Rights Councils, which are mandated by the Child and Adolescent Statute to ensure that child rights policies are implemented effectively in all municipalities. Additionally, Brazil has collaborated with UNICEF to prioritize children and adolescents in policy agendas, including initiatives like the “Early Childhood Free of Racism” program.

103.Conanda has also focused on protecting children in the digital environment by approving resolutions that align with international standards and emphasize corporate responsibility. Furthermore, the government has partnered with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime to develop strategies that safeguard children from drugs and crime, such as piloting the CHAMPS initiative to eliminate violence against children. Recent amendments to the Child and Adolescent Statute have also facilitated more effective funding for projects supporting children’s causes through tax incentives.

Reply to paragraph 14 (c) of the list of issues

National Plan for Early Childhood (PNPI) 2020–2030 – Establishes strategic guidelines and priorities for public policies aimed at the integral development of children from birth to six years old.

National Plan to Combat Violence against Children and Adolescents (2022–2025) – Defines intersectoral actions and strategies to prevent and combat violence against children and adolescents in Brazil.

National Plan for the Primary Prevention of Early Sexual Risk and Adolescent Pregnancy (2022–2025) – Establishes preventive measures and awareness campaigns to reduce early sexual risk exposure and teenage pregnancy.

Reply to paragraph 14 (d) of the list of issues

104.Brazil has already ratified most major international human rights treaties. Additionally, Brazil’s re-election to the UN Human Rights Council for 2024–2026 underscores its commitment to human rights globally. Brazil continues to promote human rights through its foreign policy, participating in global debates and advocating for expanded rights.

Part three

Reply to paragraph 15 of the list of issues

105.The budgetary allocations related to children in the Union’s Fiscal and Social Security Budgets for 2022 and 2023, as reported in the second and third editions of the study “Financing Early Childhood in the Federal Budget,” indicate that the expenditures accounted for in the second report amounted to BRL 19.5 billion (committed funds), representing 0.19% of the country’s GDP in 2022. In the third report, expenditures on early childhood totaled BRL 56.1 billion (committed funds), equivalent to 0.52% of the country’s GDP in 2023.

106.It should be noted that these expenditures:

(a)do not cover the entire child population in Brazil but refer exclusively to expenditures on children aged 0 to 6 (Early Childhood);

(b)do not encompass the full scope of the Union Budget, which also includes the Investment Budget for State-Owned Enterprises;

(c)refer to expenditures within the ministries designated by Decree No. 10,770/2021 as participants in the Cross-Sectoral and Multisectoral Early Childhood Agenda.

Reply to paragraph 16 (a) of the list of issues

	Frequency of Reports on Violence Against Children and Adolescents	Frequency of Reports on Sexual Violence Against Children and Adolescents	Percentage of Reports on Sexual Violence Against Children and Adolescents
Federative Unit of Notification	Rondônia	405	230	56 . 8%
Acre	560	438	78 . 2%
Amazonas	3 432	2 041	59 . 5%
Roraima	547	318	58 . 1%
Pará	4 904	3 113	63 . 5%
Amapá	293	209	71 . 3%
Tocantins	2 571	769	29 . 9%
Maranhão	1 209	674	55 . 7%
Piauí	1 629	729	44 . 8%
Ceará	7 865	1 600	20 . 3%
Rio Grande do Norte	883	395	44 . 7%
Paraíba	934	423	45 . 3%
Pernambuco	7 266	1 423	19 . 6%
Alagoas	1 812	1 185	65 . 4%
Sergipe	819	525	64 . 1%
Bahia	3 647	1 136	31 . 1%
Minas Gerais	9 279	4 501	48 . 5%
Espírito Santo	3 879	1 495	38 . 5%
Rio de Janeiro	17 408	4 044	23 . 2%
São Paulo	32 836	13 670	41 . 6%
Paraná	18 366	4 532	24 . 7%
Santa Catarina	6 190	2 203	35 . 6%
Rio Grande do Sul	8 407	3 519	41 . 9%
Mato Grosso do Sul	3 973	616	15 . 5%
Mato Grosso	1 035	648	62 . 6%
Goiás	7 222	2 559	35 . 4%
Distrito Federal	1 850	1 102	59 . 6%
Brasil	149 221	54 097	36 . 3%

Source : Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), Ministry of Health (MS) .

Reply to paragraph 16 (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) of the list of issues

107.Please refer to the annex.

Reply to paragraph 16 (h) of the list of issues

108.Number of reported cases of children exposed to HIV, by region of residence, per year of diagnosis:

Region of residence	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Brasil	7 307	7 218	7 471	7 871	8 099	7 651	7 862	7 173	6 732
North	741	815	914	975	905	819	953	946	950
Northeast	1 903	1 626	1 754	1 926	1 852	1 786	1 868	1 674	1 581
Southeast	2 654	2 747	2 790	2 903	2 922	2 601	2 711	2 483	2 206
South	1 607	1 644	1 600	1 675	1 960	1 960	1 852	1 562	1 555
Central-West	400	385	412	389	457	485	477	508	439

Source : Information System for Notifiable Diseases – Sinan .

Reply to paragraph 16 (j) of the list of issues

	... attends school?	Total	Percentage
yes	no
Federative Unit	Rondônia	307 732	7 176	314 908	97 . 7%
Acre	189 524	6 943	196 467	96 . 5%
Amazonas	876 466	22 994	899 460	97 . 4%
Roraima	136 133	5 855	141 988	95 . 9%
Pará	1 738 074	52 850	1 790 924	97 . 0%
Amapá	171 152	5 108	176 260	97 . 1%
Tocantins	289 314	6 520	295 834	97 . 8%
Maranhão	1 424 026	39 445	1 463 471	97 . 3%
Piauí	557 310	12 133	569 443	97 . 9%
Ceará	1 564 943	31 280	1 596 223	98 . 0%
Rio Grande do Norte	605 064	10 809	615 873	98 . 2%
Paraíba	674 823	22 577	697 400	96 . 8%
Pernambuco	1 674 041	40 967	1 715 008	97 . 6%
Alagoas	593 962	20 730	614 692	96 . 6%
Sergipe	419 743	9 648	429 391	97 . 8%
Bahia	2 520 262	37 449	2 557 711	98 . 5%
Minas Gerais	3 232 400	66 176	3 298 576	98 . 0%
Espírito Santo	661 095	19 991	681 086	97 . 1%
Rio de Janeiro	2 527 685	44 478	2 572 163	98 . 3%
São Paulo	6 969 657	112 334	7 081 991	98 . 4%
Paraná	1 803 522	46 422	1 849 944	97 . 5%
Santa Catarina	1 124 625	21 757	1 146 382	98 . 1%
Rio Grande do Sul	1 698 476	28 819	1 727 295	98 . 3%
Mato Grosso do Sul	480 615	12 356	492 971	97 . 5%
Mato Grosso	626 541	12 868	639 409	98 . 0%
Goiás	1 194 379	32 556	1 226 935	97 . 3%
Distrito Federal	507 908	6 439	514 347	98 . 7%
Brasil	34 569 472	736 680	35 306 152	97 . 9%

Source : Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua), 2nd semester 2024 .

Reply to paragraph 16 (k) of the list of issues

2022

Category	Number of Children and Adolescents	Percentage (%)
Age group
5 to 13 years	449 000	23 . 8%
14 to 15 years	444 000	23 . 6%
16 to 17 years	988 000	52 . 5%
Sex
Boys	1 225 000	65 . 1%
Girls	656 000	34 . 9%
Race/Color
Black children and adolescents	1 200 000	63 . 8%
Non-black children and adolescents	634 000	33 . 7%
Geographical Location
Urban areas	1 170 000	62 . 2%
Rural areas	707 000	37 . 8%
Total Number of Children and Adolescents	1 881 000	100%

Source : Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua), 2022.

2023

Category	Number of Children and Adolescents	Percentage (%)
Age group
5 to 13 years	346 000	21 . 5%
14 to 15 years	366 000	22 . 8%
16 to 17 years	895 000	55 . 7%
Sex
Boys	1 024 000	63 . 8%
Girls	583 000	36 . 2%
Region
Northeast	506 000	31 . 5%
Southeast	478 000	29 . 7%
North	285 000	17 . 7%
South	193 000	12 . 0%
Central-West	145 000	9 . 0%
Raça/Cor
White	543 000	33 . 8%
Black or Brown children and adolescents	1 047 000	65 . 2%
Total Number of Children and Adolescents	1 607 000	100%

Source : Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua), 2023 .

It should be noted that in the years 2020 and 2021, due to Covid-19, the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADc) by IBGE was not conducted.

Reply to paragraph 16 (l) of the list of issues

109.The last national study conducted by the Brazilian government, through SNDCA in 2011, identified 24,000 children and adolescents living on the streets. In 2022, out of the 221,113 people experiencing homelessness registered in CadÚnico, 1.74% were between 0 and 9 years old, and 1.61% were between 10 and 19 years old, totaling approximately 7,407 children and adolescents living on the streets of the country (ObservaDH Platform).

110.Recent studies by the Brazilian Observatory of Public Policies for the Homeless Population (ObPopRua/UFMG) indicate a significant increase in this population. In the city of São Paulo, for example, the number of children and adolescents living on the streets has increased twelvefold over the past ten years, rising from 309 in 2013 to 3,961 in 2024. Currently, the São Paulo capital hosts 46% of all children and adolescents experiencing homelessness mapped in Brazil.

Reply to paragraph 17 (a) of the list of issues

111.According to data from the National Adoption and Foster Care System (SNA), which consolidates information from the Courts of Justice, the number of children and adolescents placed in foster care institutions was: 42,266 in 2022; 47,127 in 2023; and 45,491 in 2024, totaling 134,884.

112.The CensoSUAS records the following numbers of children and adolescents with disabilities living in foster care institutions:

Year	Nº of Children and Adolescents	With mental health disorders/issues	With specific health care needs	In a care unit exclusively for children and adolescents with disabilities
2021	3 785	2 910	Approximately 24%	950
2022	3 715	3 535	Approximately 23 . 7%	1 202
2023	3 813	4 421	Approximately 26%	1 126

Reply to paragraph 17 (b) of the list of issues

113.In 2021, 1,825 children and adolescents were in Foster Families, with 908 boys and 917 girls. The service was predominantly concentrated in the South and Southeast regions. In 2022, the number increased to 1,898 children and adolescents, with 964 females and 933 males, distributed across 528 services. However, CensoSUAS did not provide disaggregated data on disabilities or specific health conditions in those years. The majority of foster families remained in the South (49.7%) and Southeast (36%), with smaller percentages in the Northeast (7.3%), Central-West (4.1%), and North (2.9%).

114.In 2023, the number of children and adolescents in foster care increased to 2,148, with 1,115 girls and 1,033 boys. The regional distribution remained similar, but the Northeast Region showed notable growth (12.3%), while the South (45.2%) and Southeast (31.5%) continued to host most services. The Central-West (6.1%) and North (4.9%) saw modest increases. That year, for the first time, the census provided data on children with disabilities, identifying 119 cases, representing nearly 4% of the total foster care population.

Reply to paragraph 17 (c) of the list of issues

With Physical or Mental Disabilities	2022	2023	2024
Female Children/Adolescents	70	86	78
Male Children/Adolescents	111	116	103
White Female Children/Adolescents	26	33	25
White Male Children/Adolescents	42	39	41
Brown Female Children/Adolescents	29	43	44
Brown Male Children/Adolescents	51	56	53
Black Female Children/Adolescents	14	10	9
Black Male Children/Adolescents	14	20	7
Indigenous Male Children/Adolescents	1	1	1
Indigenous Female Children/Adolescents	0	0	0

Source : National Adoption and Foster Care System (SNA) .

Reply to paragraph 18 (a) of the list of issues

Percentage of Children with Disabilities Living with Their Families, by Federative Unit (UF).
	Total number of children with disabilities living in households with their families	Total number of children with disabilities	Percentage of Children with Disabilities Living with Their Families
Federative Unit (UF)	Rondônia	10 059	10 544	95%
Acre	7 542	7 542	100%
Amazonas	24 013	24 013	100%
Roraima	4 834	5 055	96%
Pará	87 819	88 006	100%
Amapá	4 818	4 818	100%
Tocantins	8 828	8 958	99%
Maranhão	67 280	68 171	99%
Piauí	27 081	27 081	100%
Ceará	88 469	89 032	99%
Rio Grande do Norte	29 043	29 043	100%
Paraíba	36 028	36 530	99%
Pernambuco	76 100	76 458	100%
Alagoas	38 116	38 638	99%
Sergipe	27 503	27 846	99%
Bahia	120 328	120 328	100%
Minas Gerais	146 760	148 697	99%
Espírito Santo	30 945	31 829	97%
Rio de Janeiro	93 362	93 362	100%
São Paulo	314 367	314 367	100%
Paraná	79 219	79 420	100%
Santa Catarina	39 203	39 203	100%
Rio Grande do Sul	72 674	73 291	99%
Mato Grosso do Sul	21 963	22 369	98%
Mato Grosso	23 720	24 002	99%
Goiás	46 611	46 611	100%
Distrito Federal	25 044	25 044	100%
Brasil	1 551 730	1 560 257	99%

Source : Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua), 2022 .

Reply to paragraph 18 (b) of the list of issues

Children with disabilities sheltered in institutions by Federative Unit (UF).
UF	Children with disabilities sheltered	Children sheltered	Percentage (%)
AC	8	110	7.27
AL	22	428	5.14
AM	45	265	16.98
AP	20	127	15.75
BA	84	1 031	8.15
CE	86	931	9.24
DF	26	369	7.04
ES	86	911	9.44
GO	46	737	6.24
MA	24	299	8.03
MG	322	3 916	8.22
MS	64	741	8.64
MT	30	569	5.27
PA	41	686	5.98
PB	26	397	6.55
PE	50	878	5.69
PI	8	208	3.85
PR	136	3 201	4.25
RJ	168	1 633	10.29
RN	16	235	6.81
RO	20	227	8.81
RR	6	94	6.38
RS	249	3 751	6.64
SC	127	1.611	7.88
SE	17	321	5.30
SP	497	9 646	5.15
TO	4	110	3.64

Reply to paragraph 18 (c) of the list of issues

Federative Unit	Number of Enrollments of Persons with Disabilities	Number of Enrollments in Basic Education	Percentage of Enrollments of Children with Disabilities in Basic Education
Acre	17 661	253 918	7 . 00%
Alagoas	34 145	891 409	3 . 80%
Amapá	9 874	213 345	4 . 60%
Amazonas	28 830	1 149 598	2 . 50%
Bahia	158 699	3 440 528	4 . 60%
Ceará	97 767	2 136 831	4 . 60%
Distrito Federal	20 932	638 077	3 . 30%
Espírito Santo	42 878	870 274	4 . 90%
Goiás	60 718	1 462 739	4 . 20%
Maranhão	62 482	1 920 497	3 . 30%
Mato Grosso	31 207	894 290	3 . 50%
Mato Grosso do Sul	26 155	677 170	3 . 90%
Minas Gerais	174 109	4 310 112	4 . 00%
Pará	71 269	2 204 948	3 . 20%
Paraíba	39 098	959 178	4 . 10%
Paraná	128 427	2 464 010	5 . 20%
Pernambuco	72 872	2 149 639	3 . 40%
Piauí	33 471	860 073	3 . 90%
Rio de Janeiro	109 992	3 448 019	3 . 20%
Rio Grande do Norte	29 532	796 526	3 . 70%
Rio Grande do Sul	117 389	2 272 051	5 . 20%
Rondônia	16 279	388 322	4 . 20%
Roraima	5 446	180 965	3 . 00%
Santa Catarina	67 534	1 726 930	3 . 90%
São Paulo	279 571	10 079 302	2 . 80%
Sergipe	17 348	530 674	3 . 30%
Tocantins	17 745	385 207	4 . 60%
Brasil	1 771 430	47 304 632	3 . 74%

Source : Basic Education Census, 2023 .

Reply to paragraph 18 (e) of the list of issues

115.The following data are sourced from the Statistical Summaries of Basic Education.

Number of Enrollments in Special Education in Inclusive Classes, by Age Group
Year	Up to 14 years	15 to 17 years	18 to 24 years	25 to 29 years	30 to 34 years	35 years or more
2021	806 897	238 875	114 500	12 032	6 329	16 211
2022	953 014	266 253	117 543	12 253	6 396	17 526
2023	1 181 094	281 711	113 785	12 511	6 499	21 820

Number of Enrollments in Special Education in Exclusive Classes, by Age Group
Year	Up to 14 years	15 to 17 years	18 to 24 years	25 to 29 years	30 to 34 years	35 years or more
2021	56 564	17 360	30 655	16 382	10 090	25 026
2022	58 157	17 120	28 739	15 961	9 813	25 019
2023	60 505	16 577	26 998	15 376	9 440	25 114

Number of Enrollments in Special Education in Regular Classes, by Sex and Color/Race
Year	2021	2022	2023
Female Total	394 234	438 253	502 781
Female Not Declared	99 539	109 757	116 250
Female White	126 858	142 093	165 404
Female Black	14 773	16 605	20 273
Female Brown	149 985	166 398	196 664
Female Yellow	1 234	1 438	1 938
Female Indigenous	1 845	1 962	2 252
Male Total	800 610	934 732	1 114 639
Male Not Declared	202 766	236 593	261 236
Male White	257 355	303 492	365 913
Male Black	29 377	34 188	43 278
Male Brown	306 022	354 466	436 338
Male Yellow	2 392	2 880	3 991
Male Indigenous	2 698	3 113	3 883

Number of Enrollments in Special Education in Exclusive Classes, by Sex and Color/Race
Year	2021	2022	2023
Female Total	61 793	60 585	59 696
Female Not Declared	16 108	14 183	13 433
Female White	28 274	28 996	28 997
Female Black	2 408	2 396	2 317
Female Brown	14 672	14 642	14 591
Female Yellow	197	209	201
Female Indigenous	134	159	157
Male Total	94 284	94 224	94 314
Male Not Declared	24 361	22 163	21 275
Male White	41 701	43 629	44 168
Male Black	3 920	3 883	3 840
Male Brown	23 785	24 011	24 476
Male Yellow	319	333	322
Male Indigenous	198	205	233

Reply to paragraph 18 (f) of the list of issues

	... attends school?	Total	Percentage of School ‑ Age Children with Disabilities Out of School
yes	no
Federative Unit	Rondônia	7 478	934	8 412	11 . 1%
Acre	5 291	1 074	6 365	16 . 9%
	Amazonas	17 549	2 519	20 068	12 . 6%
	Roraima	4 291	447	4 738	9 . 4%
	Pará	66 062	8 324	74 386	11 . 2%
	Amapá	3 681	575	4 256	13 . 5%
	Tocantins	5 175	667	5 842	11 . 4%
	Maranhão	55 030	3 095	58 125	5 . 3%
	Piauí	20 260	1 864	22 124	8 . 4%
	Ceará	68 031	6 307	74 338	8 . 5%
	Rio Grande do Norte	25 304	1 750	27 054	6 . 5%
	Paraíba	27 589	2 686	30 275	8 . 9%
	Pernambuco	60 582	3 587	64 169	5 . 6%
	Alagoas	30 648	2 987	33 635	8 . 9%
	Sergipe	23 327	1 158	24 485	4 . 7%
	Bahia	92 533	7 550	100 083	7 . 5%
	Minas Gerais	110 613	12 949	123 562	10 . 5%
	Espírito Santo	24 868	2 346	27 214	8 . 6%
	Rio de Janeiro	76 437	4 264	80 701	5 . 3%
	São Paulo	244 818	17 878	262 696	6 . 8%
	Paraná	63 457	5 587	69 044	8 . 1%
	Santa Catarina	31 333	1 713	33 046	5 . 2%
	Rio Grande do Sul	51 445	7 111	58 556	12 . 1%
	Mato Grosso do Sul	15 363	3 259	18 622	17 . 5%
	Mato Grosso	19 529	1 326	20 855	6 . 4%
	Goiás	41 645	1 370	43 015	3 . 2%
	Distrito Federal	21 457	218	21 675	1 . 0%
Brasil	1 213 796	103 545	1 317 341	7 . 9%

Source : Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua), 2022 .

Reply to paragraph 19 (a) of the list of issues

116.Data from the National Registry of Inspection of Socio-Educational Units and Programs (CNIUPS, September–October 2024) indicate a total of 11,016 adolescents in socio-educational units, of whom 70.7% are in detention measures and 18.2% in provisional detention. Of this total, 95.5% are male, 74.2% are Black or mixed-race, 25.1% are White, and 0.4% are Indigenous. By age group, the majority are 17 years old (34%), followed by 18 to 21-year-olds (25.6%), 16-year-olds (22.8%), 15-year-olds (11.8%), 14-year-olds (4.3%), 13-year-olds (1.3%), and 12-year-olds (0.3%) (CNIUPS/CNJ, 2024).

Reply to paragraph 19 (b) of the list of issues

117.In Brazil, there is no imprisonment for children and adolescents; however, adolescents may be subject to restrictive freedom measures, including detention and provisional detention for up to 45 days (Article 183, ECA). The 2023 National Survey of Data from the National System of Socio-Educational Services (SINASE) reports 11,556 adolescents under restriction and deprivation of liberty. Among them, 75.1% of boys and 67% of girls are in detention; 9.2% of boys and 11.3% of girls are in semi-liberty; 1.9% of boys and 1.6% of girls are in sanction detention; and 13.9% of boys and 19.5% of girls are in provisional detention.

Place of Residence	Girls (N)	Girls (%)	Boys (N)	Boys (%)	Total (N)	Total (%)
Rural	12	2 . 4%	375	3 . 3%	387	3 . 3%
Urban central	129	25 . 4%	3 432	30 . 3%	3 561	30 . 1%
Urban periphery	174	34 . 3%	2 981	26 . 3%	3 155	26 . 7%
Não domiciliadas	1	0 . 2%	20	0 . 2%	21	0 . 2%
Other region (capital)	5	1 . 0%	61	0 . 5%	66	0 . 6%
Other region (countryside)	2	0 . 4%	320	2 . 8%	322	2 . 7%
No information	184	36 . 3%	4 125	36 . 5%	4 309	36 . 5%
Total	507	100 . 0%	11 314	100 . 0%	11 821	100 . 0%

Source : National Survey Data from SINASE, 2023 .

118.The 2023 Brazilian Public Security Yearbook reports a decrease in the number of adolescents in closed facilities, from 24,510 in 2018 to 12,154 in 2022. The causes of this reduction are still being studied.

Reply to paragraph 19 (c) of the list of issues

119.Number of individuals served by Social Protection Services for Adolescents in Compliance with Socioeducational Measures of Assisted Liberty (LA) and Community Service Provision (PSC):

Year	Total	Male	Female
2021	29 795	25 940	3 855
2022	30 979	26 897	4 082
2023	33 285	28 752	4 533

Reply to paragraph 19 (d) of the list of issues

120.Official statistics on children and adolescents in pretrial detention in Brazil are limited. While Brazilian law stipulates that detention for youths cannot exceed three years and must not extend beyond the age of 21, detailed data on specific categories such as age, sex, or type of offense is not readily available from government statistics sources.

Reply to paragraph 19 (e) of the list of issues

121.Official statistics on children and adolescents serving sentences in detention in Brazil are limited. While Brazilian law stipulates that detention for youths cannot exceed three years and must not extend beyond the age of 21, detailed data on sentence lengths by specific categories such as age, sex, or type of offense is not readily available from government statistics sources.

Reply to paragraph 20 of the list of issues

122.In 2024, Brazil presented its second Voluntary National Review (VNR) at the United Nations High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF), emphasizing its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly regarding children and youth. The Multi-Year Plan (PPA) 2024–2027 aligns national policies with the SDGs, structuring six priority agendas and five cross-cutting agendas, the first of which focuses on children and adolescents. This cross-sectoral agenda supports key initiatives, such as the Black Youth Alive Plan, reinforcing Brazil’s approach to youth-centered development. Since 2023, the government has strengthened policies for young people through measures like reinstating the Interministerial Committee on Youth Policy, expanding the National Youth Council, and organizing workshops for the National Youth Plan.

123.Brazil’s VNR also underscores the country’s progress in SDG implementation through IBGE indicators, particularly in poverty eradication (SDG 1), food security (SDG 2), health (SDG 3), education (SDG 4), gender equality (SDG 5), decent work (SDG 8), and strong institutions (SDG 16). Furthermore, at the First Global Ministerial Conference on Ending Violence Against Children (2024), Brazil reinforced its rights-based approach to child protection, directly supporting SDG 16.2. These efforts reflect the government’s renewed emphasis on youth-oriented policies, ensuring the 2030 Agenda remains central to national development strategies.

Reply to paragraph 21 of the list of issues

124.According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) – 2022 Demographic Census, Brazil has a total of 40,129,261 children and adolescents, distributed as follows: 12,704,860 aged 0 to 4 years; 13,749,440 aged 5 to 9 years; and 13,674,961 aged 10 to 14 years.

Reply to paragraph 22 of the list of issues

125.Brazil has identified several priority areas for the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Protection in the digital environment is a key focus, with the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) prioritizing children’s data privacy for the 2024–2025 biennium to ensure compliance with regulations. Climate change and children’s rights have gained prominence, with non-governmental institutions advocating for a Children’s COP in 2025 to amplify youth voices in environmental policies. Education and access to justice remain central, particularly in the demarcation of Indigenous lands and addressing juvenile justice issues. Lastly, child health and well-being continue to be priorities, with efforts to reduce child mortality rates and improve healthcare access for vulnerable populations.