Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

Second periodic report submitted by Ghana under article 73 of the Convention, due in 2019 * , **

[Date received: 14 April 2026]

Introduction

1.The Government of the Republic of Ghana submits this Second Periodic Report to the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of the All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in fulfilment of the State Party’s reporting obligations under the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.

2.Ghana ratified the convention in the year 2000 and is committed to ensuring that the rights and protection of migrant workers and members of there are enjoyed without any discrimination whatsoever.

3.This report reflects developments that have occurred in Ghana since the year 2014. It is an update to Ghana’s initial report which was submitted to the Committee in the year 2014. The purpose is to address the recommendations made by the Committee based on the concluding observations to the state party. It is also intended to address the list of issues prior to submission of the second periodic report by the state party to the Committee.

4.The preparation of this report is a whole of government approach. It was coordinated by the Office of the Attorney General and Ministry Of Justice with the participation of relevant Ministries, Departments, and Agencies. These include the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations, the Ghana Immigration Service, the Labour Department, the National Development Planning Commission, the Ghana Refugee Board, and the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice.

5.Migration continues to play an important role in the social and economic development of Ghana. The Government therefore seeks to promote migration that is safe, orderly and regular, while protecting the dignity and rights of migrant workers and members of their families both within and abroad.

I.General information

A.Domestic legal framework

1.Laws, policies and strategies relating to migration

6.Since the adoption of the Committee’s previous concluding observations, Ghana has undertaken significant legal and policy reforms in the areas of the protection of migrant workers and the governance of migration.

7.The foundation of the domestic legal framework in Ghana remains the Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992. The provisions of the Constitution protect the Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms of every person within the jurisdiction of the country. These provisions include the right to equality before the law, the right to not be discriminated against, and the right to respect for human dignity. These provisions apply to nationals, as well as migrant workers and members of their families. Several legislative and policy initiatives have been implemented in the reporting period to enhance the governance of migration.

8.Laws enacted since the adoption of the previous concluding observations (2014), include:

(a)Immigration service act, 2016 (Act 908) – Sections 4(1)(a)–(f) relating to migration management and work permits (relevant to Articles 8, 39 and 65 of the convention);

(b)Right to information Act, 2019 (Act 989) – Guarantees access to information held by public institutions (relevant to Articles 33 and 37 of the Convention);

(c)Witness Protection Act, 2018 (Act 975) – Protection of witnesses in criminal proceedings (relevant to Articles 18 and 83 of the convention);

(d)Legal Aid Commission Act, 2018 (Act 977) – This is aimed at ensuring that migrant workers can have their justice addressed when their rights are abused.

9.Measures have been taken to create an entity that can undertake work on migratory affairs, as well as coordination among institutions and services (para. 7) in relation to measures to implement the rights under the Convention.

10.Adoption of the National Migration Policy (2016): Ghana adopted the National Migration Policy in 2016. This was aimed at ensuring that Ghana had a comprehensive framework for dealing with migration in a coordinated and rights-based approach.

11.Establishment of the National Coordination Mechanism, NCM (2023) on migration.

12.Establishment of the Migration Unit (2008) within the Ministry of the Interior.

13.Establishment of the Migration and Rights Desk (2023) at the Commission of Human Rights and Administration Justice (CHRAJ). This is aimed at ensuring the protection of the rights of migrants through the institutional mechanisms put in place.

14.One of the key developments was the adoption of the National Migration Policy for Ghana. This was aimed at ensuring that Ghana has a comprehensive framework for dealing with migration in a way that enhances national development while ensuring the rights of migrants are protected.

15.The policy is aimed at addressing different migration-related issues, ranging from labour migration to border management, migration data collection, diaspora engagement, as well as vulnerable migrant protection.

16.In addition to the National Migration Policy, Ghana adopted the National Labour Migration Policy. The policy was aimed at ensuring that Ghana has a specific policy on labour migration to ensure safe, orderly, and regular migration of labour while safeguarding the rights of Ghanaian workers, both internally and externally.

17.The National Labour Migration Policy outlines the steps the government will take in regulating private recruitment agencies, intensifying labour inspections, and providing migrant workers with pre-departure orientation.

18.Ghana has also adopted the Labour (Domestic Workers) Regulations, 2020 (L.I. 2408) that provide guidelines for the employment of domestic workers. These regulations will be relevant for migrant domestic workers who may be vulnerable to exploitation or abuse.

19.Other relevant pieces of legislation that contribute to the protection of the migrant workers include the Labour Act, 2003 (Act 651), which regulates the employment relationship in Ghana and protects workers against unfair labour practices.

20.Ghana has also protected migrant workers against trafficking through the Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694), which was later amended by the Human Trafficking (Amendment) Act, 2009 (Act 784).

21.These pieces of legislation prohibit Human Trafficking and provide mechanisms for the protection and rehabilitation of victims of human trafficking.

2.Institutional coordination on migration

22.In recognizing the need to address the cross-cutting nature of migration governance in Ghana, the Government of Ghana has taken steps towards enhancing coordination between institutions involved in the governance of migration-related issues.

23.One of the significant steps taken in the recent past in the governance of migration in Ghana is the creation of the National Coordination Mechanism on Migration under the National Migration Policy.

24.This mechanism brings together key stakeholders who represent key ministries and departments such as the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Labour, Jobs and Employment, the Ghana Immigration Service, the Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Justice, among others.

25.The purpose of the coordination mechanism is to promote information sharing, as well as to facilitate the implementation of policies and programs concerning migration.

3.Bilateral and multilateral cooperation

26.Ghana continues to cooperate with other States and International Organizations for the purpose of promoting the protection of migrant workers in transit and destination countries.

27.At the regional level Ghana is actively participating in the framework of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) which promotes free movement of persons within West Africa.

28.The ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Residence and Establishment guarantees ECOWAS citizens the right to enter, reside and establish economic activities within the region.

29.Through this regional framework, Ghana cooperates with other Member States to promote free movement of labour while protecting the rights of migrant workers.

30.Ghana has equally engaged in bilateral labour migration agreements as well as negotiations with destination countries where large numbers of Ghanaian migrant workers are employed.

31.Such cooperation seeks to promote fair labour conditions, protect migrant workers, and promote remittance and savings transfer. Some countries that Ghana has signed bilateral agreements with within the reporting period include: Qatar, UAE, Jordan, Austria, Barbados, Saint Kitts and Nervis.

4.Progress under Migration Policies since 2014

32.The implementation of the National Migration Policy and the National Labour Migration Policy has resulted in several positive developments.

33.Such developments include improved data collection on migration, enhanced governance on labour migration, and improved protection for Ghanaian migrant workers.

34.Pre-departure orientation programs have equally been introduced to enlighten prospective migrant workers on the risks involved in irregular migration as well as their rights and obligations in destination countries.

35.The Government has also reinforced public awareness campaigns intended to discourage irregular migration and promoting safe migration pathways.

B. Progress in the implementation of the National Migration Policy and the National Labour Migration Policy

36.Since the adoption of the National Migration Policy for Ghana, the Government of Ghana has taken deliberate steps to strengthen migration governance and ensure that migration contributes positively to national development while safeguarding the rights of migrants.

37.The policy has been the overarching framework guiding the management of migration in the country. The policy has been advocating for the promotion of a coordinated and comprehensive approach to migration management in the country.

38.Implementation of the policy has been complemented by the National Labour Migration Policy, which has specifically focused on the promotion of the protection of migrant workers.

39.Through these frameworks, the Government of Ghana has promoted safe, orderly, and regular migration in the country while addressing the challenges posed by irregular migration.

40.Key progress achieved in the implementation of the National Labour Migration Policy and the National Migration Policy in the reporting period include the following:

1.Strengthening migration governance

41.The Government has strengthened the mechanisms for inter-ministerial coordination in order to ensure the effective implementation of the migration policies in the country. The Government institutions involved in the formulation and implementation of the migration policies in the country include the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of Immigration, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the National Development Planning Commission.

2.Improving migration data systems

42.The Government has taken steps towards the improvement of the collection and management of migration data. Harmonization of migration-related data collected by Government institutions such as the Ghana Immigration Service, Ghana Statistical Service, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been done. This effort is to create a reliable national migration database which will enable the Government to monitor migration trends in the country.

3.Promoting safe migration

43.Public awareness campaigns have been carried out the country to enlighten the public about the dangers associated with irregular migration and human trafficking.

44.This campaign was focused on the youth and migrant workers in the areas with the highest rates of migration.

4.Protecting Ghanaian migrant workers abroad

45.The Government has improved the consular support provided by Ghanaian diplomatic missions abroad with the aim of assisting Ghanaian migrant workers who encounter problems in their host countries.

46.Steps have been taken towards the provision of pre-departure orientation programs for prospective migrant workers.

5.Monitoring progress with the use of measurable indicators

47.In the effort to instil accountability in the implementation of the Government’s management of migration in Ghana policies, the following indicators have been adopted:

(a)Increasing the number of migrant workers receiving pre-departure orientation;

(b)Reducing the incidence of illegal recruitment practices by unlicensed employment agencies;

(c)Improvement in the collection of migration data;

(d)Increasing the number of bilateral meetings geared towards the improvement of the protection of Ghanaian migrant workers abroad.

C.Institutional framework for migration governance

48.Migration governance in Ghana is carried out by various government institutions, each with its unique contribution in the formulation of policies, regulation, and service delivery.

1.Migration Unit under the Ministry of the Interior

49.The Migration Unit set up under the Ministry of the Interior is at the core of coordinating various migration-related policy initiatives.

50.The Migration Unit offers policy guidance in the management of migration in Ghana and helps in the implementation of the National Migration Policy.

51.The Migration Unit also facilitates cooperation among various institutions in charge of managing borders, labour migration, and collecting migration data.

2.The Diaspora Relations Office

52.The Diaspora Affairs, Office of the President (DAOOP) under the auspices of the Office of the President of Ghana seeks to strengthen engagements with the Ghanaian diaspora.

53.The Diaspora Relations Office enhances initiatives aimed at encouraging diaspora investment, skills exchange, and participation in the development of Ghana.

3.Diaspora Affairs Bureau

54.The Diaspora Affairs Bureau supports various policies and initiatives aimed at improving relations between Ghana and its diaspora. The Bureau works closely with Ghanaian embassies across the world in facilitating diaspora relations and offering assistance to Ghanaian nationals in foreign countries.

4.Labour Department

55.The Labour Department of the Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations plays a crucial role in protecting migrant workers.

56.The Department tracks labour protocols, investigates cases of labour exploitation, and regulates private recruitment agencies.

57.The Labour Department, however, encounters a variety of limitations in effectively performing its function of tracking labour concerns in Ghana. These includes lack of human resources, logistical constraints, and the need for capacity building for labour inspectors to have adequate training in issues surrounding labour migration.

58.Strengthening the capacity of the Labour Department remains a priority to ensure the effective oversight of recruitment agencies and the protection of migrant workers.

5.National Development Planning Commission

59.The National Development Planning Commission considers the factors affecting migration in national development planning.

60.The Commission ensures that the policies on migration are consistent with other national development goals such as the provision of employment and poverty reduction.

6.Ghana Refugee Board

61.The Ghana Refugee Board deals with matters concerning asylum seekers and refugees.

62.The Board works in partnership with other international agencies to offer assistance to refugees living in the country.

7.Ghana Immigration Service

63.The Ghana Immigration Service oversees the management of the borders and the regulation of the arrival and domicile of foreigners in the country.

64.The Service also works in partnership with other agencies to combat human trafficking and the smuggling of foreigners.

D. Cooperation with Parliament and Civil Society

65.The Government acknowledges the fact that effective management of the migration process in the country involves the participation of many actors.

66.Parliament has a crucial role to play in the adoption of laws concerning the management of migration and the rights of labour. Parliamentary committees on defence, interior and foreign affairs frequently engage in dialogue with the Government on the management of the migration process.

67.Civil society has also played a crucial role in the management and protection of migrant workers. Several civil society organizations offer assistance to migrant works.

68.In the process of preparing the report, the Government held a dialogue with civil society organizations on the management and protection of migrant workers.

69.These discussions are helpful in gaining a broad understanding of the management and protection of migrant workers.

E.Migration data and statistical information

70.The Government has taken measures to improve migration data collection systems.

71.Migration data are collected by various institutions such as:

(a)The Ghana Immigration Service;

(b)The Ghana Statistical Service;

(c)The Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

(d)The Labour Department;

(e)The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection.

72.Efforts are being made to harmonize data collection methodologies to ensure that migration statistics are comparable across institutions.

73.Consular offices overseas also contribute to data collection on migration issues concerning Ghanaian nationals such as labour disputes or requests for repatriation.

74.These efforts are geared towards promoting a human rights-based approach to migration governance as policymakers are able to identify vulnerabilities faced by migrant workers.

F.Awareness raising and capacity building

75.The Government has taken various measures to raise awareness on the rights of migrant workers and the Convention.

76.Training has been conducted for Government officials such as immigration officers and labour inspectors.

77.Judicial officers and law enforcement agencies have also received training on strengthening their knowledge of human rights standards applicable to migrant workers.

78.Public education activities have been conducted in collaboration with civil society organizations and international partners.

79.These activities are geared towards raising awareness among the public on the risks of irregular migration and the importance of protecting the dignity of migrant workers.

80.Public education activities have also been conducted on the importance of protecting the dignity of migrant workers.

81.Media organizations have contributed greatly towards raising awareness on migration issues.

II.Measures to promote and protect the rights of migrant workers

A.Measures to prevent corruption in migration governance

82.The Government of Ghana acknowledges that corruption in the management and governance of migration by relevant institutions has the potential to undermine the protection and promotion of the rights of migrant workers.

83.The Government has thus put in place several measures to prevent and address the occurrence of corruption in the management and governance of migration by personnel in migration related institutions.

84.The national legal framework to address the occurrence of corruption has been established in the Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992, and the Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29).

85.The Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice plays a crucial role in investigating and addressing the occurrence of corruption in the management and governance of migration by relevant public officials in the country through investigation, policy advocacy, public education and specialised partnership.

86.In the management and governance of migration by relevant officials in the country, several measures have been put in place to address the occurrence of corruption. For instance, the Ghana Immigration Service has established internal mechanisms to address the occurrence of corruption in the management and governance of migration by immigration officers through a codified Code of Conduct launched in August 2023.

87.The Ghana Immigration Service also ensure regular training on ethics, digitalization processes to reduce human contact and the interdiction of officers involved in recruitment and/or visa fraud.

88.Public complaint mechanisms have also been improved to enable migrant workers and members of their families to report occurrences of corruption in the management and governance of migration by relevant officials in the country.

89.Sensitization programs have been conducted by government agencies to enlighten migrant workers and the public on the mechanisms to address the occurrence of corruption in the management and governance of migration by relevant officials in the country.

90.The Whistleblower Act, 2006 (Act 720) has also been established to provide legal protection to individuals who report occurrences of corruption in the management and governance of migration by relevant officials in the country.

B.Training and capacity building for officials

91.The Government has developed training programs aimed at enhancing the capacity of officials who provide services to migrant workers and their families.

92.The training programs have been conducted for officials in key institutions such as the Ghana Immigration Service, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Labour Department, and law enforcement agencies.

93.The training programs have covered matters like:

(a)Human rights standards for migrant workers;

(b)Gender responsive approaches in migration;

(c)Identification of victims of trafficking in persons;

(d)Consular protection of Ghanaian nationals abroad;

(e)Protocols for dealing with migrants in detention.

94.The government has also developed training programs for consular protection of Ghanaian nationals’ procedures for dealing with migrants in detention.

95.The training programs have been developed to provide officials with the necessary skills and knowledge required to provide assistance to Ghanaian nationals who encounter migration problems while outside Ghana.

96.The training programs have adopted gender responsive approaches taking into account the special needs of children in migration.

C.Participation in regional and international migration initiatives

97.Ghana is actively involved in regional and international migration initiatives aimed at promoting safe and orderly migration.

98.At the regional level, Ghana works in partnership with the ECOWAS aimed at facilitating the free movement of persons in West Africa.

99.The ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Residence, and Establishment provides for the right of ECOWAS citizens to enter, reside, and establish economic activities in other ECOWAS countries.

100.Ghana has developed mechanisms aimed at fulfilling the requirements of the ECOWAS citizens.

101.Ghana is also a participant in the regional project titled “Support to Free Movement of Persons and Migration in West Africa,” which aims at improving migration data management systems in order to enhance cooperation among ECOWAS member states.

102.At the continental level, Ghana is actively participating in the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area. This Agreement has the potential to improve economic integration in Africa and enhance labour movement on the continent.

103.The Government is making efforts to align its migration policies with regional integration initiatives in order to ensure that increased movement is made within a framework that respects the rights of migration workers.

D.Data collection on migration

104.The development of effective migration policies requires accurate migration data.

105.In Ghana, various government institutions collect migration data. These include the Ghana immigration service, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Labour Department, and the Ghana Statistical Service.

106.Currently, there are efforts aimed at harmonizing migration data systems in order to ensure consistency and comparability of data.

107.The Government has also made significant steps aimed at improving data collection mechanisms, for instance, Ghanaian diplomatic and consular missions have improved in collecting information from Ghanaian nationals living in host countries.

108.These missions also collect information regarding cases involving migrants facing challenges in host countries.

109.The Government has also made significant steps aimed at improving the disaggregation of migration data by sex, age, nationality, occupation, and migration status.

110.These steps have the potential to improve a human rights-based approach in migration governance.

111.In addition, measures are being explored to ensure the accessibility of migration information to the public while observing national laws on the protection of personal information.

E.Measures to promote safe and regular migration

112.The Government has implemented several measures to promote safe and regular migration while preventing irregular migration and the trafficking of persons.

113.This comprise the regulation of private recruitment agencies and the conduct of public awareness campaigns on the dangers associated with irregular migration, and providing pre‑departure orientation to prospective migrant workers.

114.The Government has issued licenses to private employment agencies operating in Ghana. These agencies are overseen by the Labour Department to ensure that they operate in conformity with national laws on labour and international standards.

115.The Government has stepped up the process to identify and prosecute agencies operating illegally or using exploitative recruitment methods.

116.Public awareness campaigns have been conducted throughout the country to educate the public on the dangers associated with irregular migration and deceptive recruitment ploys.

117.These campaigns have been conducted in partnership with other stakeholders in Civil Society and International Communities.

F.Measures to address the vulnerability of migrants to human trafficking

118.The Government has also taken several measures to address the vulnerability of migrants to Human trafficking.

119.The Government has established the Human Trafficking Act, 2005, (Act 694) and a subsequent amendment Act, Human Trafficking (Amendment) Act, 2009, (Act 784) to provide a legal framework to address the problem.

120.Under the framework, the act of Human Trafficking has been prohibited, and sanctions imposed on those engaged in the practice.

121.Law enforcement agencies have stepped up their efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking cases, especially those concerning the exploitation of migrant workers.

122.The Government has also instituted victim protection programs whose aim is to offer shelter, counselling, and rehabilitation to victims of trafficking.

123.No migrant worker and/or members of their families has been subjected to racism, xenophobia, discrimination, ill treatment, and gender-based violence.

G.Prevention and elimination of labour exploitation

124.Progress made towards the prevention and elimination of labour exploitation of migrant workers include:

(a)Application of the National Plan of Action which facilitates coordinated interventions for labour exploitation, forced labour, child labour, and irregular migration;

(b)The Ministry of the Interior collaborates with stakeholders in various awareness-raising campaigns through the media to create awareness on the dangers of labour exploitation and deceptive recruitment practices for Migrants Workers;

(c)The Ministry observes and participates in Annual Global Days commemoration such as World Day against Trafficking in Persons, World Day against Child Labour, etc.;

(d)The Ministry holds consultative meetings with stakeholders to discuss various issues relating to human trafficking and irregular migration;

(e)The country has a Human Trafficking Management Board which meets quarterly to give advice on various policy issues relating to labour exploitation, etc.;

(f)Increase in the arresting and prosecuting of traffickers by the Ghana Police Service;

(g)The Ministry offers comprehensive trauma-informed care to victims of trafficking by providing shelter to victims when integrating them.

125.Institutions responsible for detecting the illegal employment of migrant workers:

(a)The Labour Department under the Ministry of Jobs, Labour and Employment;

(b)Ghana Immigration Service;

(c)Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice;

(d)Ghana Police Service;

(e)Economic and Organised Crime Office.

126.Below is a table covering January 2025 to December 2025 on workers coerced into exploitative labour practices with statistics including the number of complaints filled in this regard, and the results of the investigations carried out on these complaints.

	January 1, 2025 to 31 December, 2025	Counting unit	Context ( Please provide a description if other is selected, to add additional context, or provide an alternative reporting period)
Investigations
New individuals/cases investigated for sex trafficking	83 cases involving 73 individuals	cases
New individuals/cases investigated for forced labour	132 cases 163 individuals	cases
New individuals/cases investigated for unspecified exploitation	7 cases involving 67 individuals	cases	3 cases involving 29 suspects was handed over to NAPTIP for further investigations and prosecutions. 1 case resulted in conviction involving 3 offenders
Total new individuals/cases investigated	222 cases involving 303 individuals	cases
Ongoing individuals/cases investigated for sex trafficking	6 cases involving 7 individuals	cases
Ongoing individuals/cases investigated for forced labour	7 cases involving 9 individuals	cases
Ongoing individuals/cases investigated for unspecified exploitation	2 cases involving 2 individuals	cases
Total ongoing individuals/cases investigated	15 cases involving 18 individuals	cases
Prosecutions
New individuals prosecuted for sex trafficking	13 cases involving 31 individuals	Individuals
New individuals prosecuted for forced labour	26 cases involving 57 individuals	Individuals
New individuals prosecuted for unspecified forms of trafficking	15 cases involving 124	Individuals	This unspecified cases here refer to cases that started as human trafficking and other laws were added for the prosecution. For example child labour cases, Child Stealing, cyber exploitation crime etc. The laws used are stated at the prosecutions side for the cases that were able to get to prosecution level. Please note that all these cases started as trafficking but during prosecutions other laws had to be used. Note that out of the 124 offenders for the unspecified forms of trafficking, because they are being prosecuted using other laws, 106 of the offenders have been remanded into prison custody for offences of cybercrimes and Q‑Net fraudulent activities pending trial. Fraud, forgery and falsification contrary criminal offenses Act of 29
Total new individuals prosecuted for trafficking crimes	54 cases involving 212
Ongoing individuals prosecuted for sex trafficking	3 cases involving 5 individuals
Ongoing individuals prosecuted for forced labour	4 cases involving 7 individuals
Ongoing individuals prosecuted for unspecified forms of trafficking	2 cases involving 2 individuals		Charged with the offense of child abduction and exploitation of a child using the trafficking Act and the Criminal Offense Act 29. Charged with the offense of Fraud and falsification to gain using the Criminal Offenses Act 29
Total ongoing individuals prosecuted for trafficking crimes	9 cases involving 14 individuals
Persons Prosecuted under the anti-trafficking law	44 cases involving 100 individuals	Individuals	Offenders charged with providing other persons for the purpose of trafficking, committing human trafficking contrary to Section 3 of the Human Trafficking Act of 2005 (Act 694) Offenders charged with using a trafficked person, committing human trafficking contrary to Section 4 of the Human Trafficking Act of 2005 (Act 694) Offenders charged with conspiracy to commit human trafficking, committing human trafficking contrary to Section 2 of the Human Trafficking Act of 2005 (Act 694)
Persons prosecuted under non-trafficking laws	17 cases involving 126 individuals	Individuals	Child Stealing contrary to Clause 93 of the Criminal Offences Act of 1960 (Act 29) Abduction and exploitation contrary to the Criminal Offences Act of 1960 (Act 29) Fraud, forgery and falsification contrary to clause 16 of the Criminal Offences Act of 1960 (Act 29) Forced abortion with the intent to cause harm in clause 58 of the Criminal Offences Act of 1960 (Act 29) Cyber Security Act 2020 (Act 1038) section 1 (1) False representation contrary to Section 52 (1) of the Ghana Immigration Act of 2000 (Act 573) amended by immigration (Amendment) Act 2012 (Act 848) Illegal entry contrary to Section 3 of the Ghana Immigration Act of 2000 (Act 573) amended by immigration (Amendment) Act 2012 (Act 848) Conspiracy to engage a child in exploitative labour and engaging a child in hazardous work contrary to section 87 (1), hazardous employment contrary to section 91 (2)(3) of Act 560 of the Children’s Act, 1998 Trafficking, Passport fraud and romance scam
Individuals prosecuted in absentia	2 separate cases involving 2 individuals	Individuals	In a case involving three offenders, two were convicted but one was charged in absentia for conspiracy to engage a child in exploitative labour and engaging a child in hazardous work contrary to Section 87 (10 of the Children’s Act of 1998, Act 560. Convicted and fined to pay 400 penalty units amounting to 4,800 One other person was also charged using the HT Act for sex trafficking and prosecuted in absentia and convicted also in absentia for 7 years plus another 5 years imprisonment
Convictions			Description of sentencing data
Individuals convicted for sex trafficking		14 individuals 8 females and 6 males	One (1) male convicted and sentenced to 8 years in hard labour for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694 Two (2) female convicted and sentenced to 5 years in hard labour for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694 Two (2) male convicted and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694 One (1) female convicted and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment for Sex trafficking, using the Human trafficking Act of 2005, Act 694, convicted on assault, illegal and forced abortion contrary to the criminal Offenses Act of 1960, Act 29 and convicted another 5 years to serve concurrently One (I) female was convicted and sentenced to 9 years in hard labour for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694 One (I) male was convicted and sentenced to 9 years in hard labour for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act  694 One (1) female was convicted and sentenced 27 years in hard labour for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694 Three (3) females were convicted and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694 One (1) male was convicted and sentenced to 1 year imprisonment Conspiracy to engage a child in exploitative labour and engaging a child in hazardous work contrary to section 87 (1), hazardous employment contrary to section 91 (2)(3) of Act 560 of the Children’s Act, 1998
			Seven (7) involving 6 males and 1 female was convicted and sentenced to 3 months imprisonment False representation contrary to Section 3 and 52 (1) of the Ghana Immigration Act of 2000 (Act 573) amended by immigration (Amendment) Act 2012 (Act 848) 1 male was convicted and fined 250 penalty units amounting to GHc3,000 in default sentenced to 8 months imprisonment for engaging a child in exploitative labour Conspiracy to engage a child in exploitative labour and engaging a child in hazardous work contrary to section 87 (1), hazardous employment contrary to section 91 (2)(3) of Act 560 of the Children’s Act, 1998 Two (2) males were convicted and fined 400 penalty unit amounting to GHc4,800. After that they were charged and ordered to pay a compensation 5,000 each to the victims Conspiracy to engage a child in exploitative labour and engaging a child in hazardous work contrary to section 87 (1), hazardous employment contrary to section 91 (2)(3) of Act 560 of the Children’s Act, 1998
Total no. of individuals convicted for trafficking crimes	Total convictions: 43 32 males and 11 females = 43 individuals
Of the number reported above, how many individuals were convicted under trafficking laws	22 individuals		Offenders charged with providing another person for the purpose of trafficking committing human trafficking contrary to Section 3 of the Human Trafficking Act of 2005 (Act 694) Offenders charged with using a trafficked person, committing human trafficking contrary to Section 4 of the Human Trafficking Act of 2005 (Act 694) Offenders charged with conspiracy to commit human trafficking , committing human trafficking contrary to Section 2 of the Human Trafficking Act of 2005 (Act 694)
Individuals convicted under non-trafficking laws	20 individuals		Child Stealing contrary to Section 93 of the Criminal Offences Act (Act 29) Conspiracy to engage a child in exploitative labour and engaging a child in hazardous work contrary to section 87 (1), hazardous employment contrary to section 91 (2)(3) of Act 560 of the Children’s Act, 1998 False representation contrary to Section 52 (1) of the Ghana Immigration Act of 2000 (Act 573) amended by immigration (Amendment) Act 2012 (Act 848) Illegal entry contrary to Section 3 of the Ghana Immigration Act of 2000 (Act 573) amended by immigration (Amendment) Act 2012 (Act 848) Cyber Security Act 2020 (Act 1038) section 1 (1) (Trafficking, Passport fraud and romance scam)

H.Information on the progress made in concluding formal agreements with neighbouring countries concerning trafficking in children

Data on investigations and prosecutions in 2025

No. of children trafficked	No. of investigations	Total no. of prosecutions	Conviction gained with HT Act	Children ’ s Act	Other related offences	Docket to AG ’ s
425	222	54	22	-	21	-

127.Note that the data provided above is for both children and adults.

128.The Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection has been equipped with protective mechanisms and services to safeguard and protect children who are at risk of being trafficked as follows:

(a)Institutional and Legal frameworks such as the Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 794), Children’s Act, 1998 (Act 560), National Plan of Action on the elimination of Human Trafficking in Ghana, Standard Operating Procedures;

(b)The availability of a government shelter for trafficked children who are provided with trauma informed care;

(c)The Ministry educates communities through awareness-creation activities on child trafficking;

(d)The Ministry organizes various capacity building training for law enforcement personnel, social workers, CSOs, etc., on child trafficking;

(e)Establishing of toll-free lines and reporting systems for suspected cases of child trafficking.

129.The Human Trafficking Secretariat has shelters whereby victims rescued have access to basic needs like health, education, food, and comprehensive trauma-informed care. Victims accompanied by a social worker have access to medical care throughout their stay in the shelter.

130.All children of migrant workers have access to basic education. Children’s government shelter has a nursery school where victims within the age limit have access. Victims above the age limit are enrolled in school.

131.Programs organized by the Ministry of Gender, children and Social Protection to prevent smuggling and trafficking in persons are listed in the table below.

Item and type of campaign	Details of activity	Targeted audience	Venue/No. of participants	Collaboration and support
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (Human Trafficking Secretariat)
Information, Education & Communication materials	MOGCSP/HTS printed Information, Education and Communication materials for awareness raising on issues of human trafficking and irregular migration Bought 500 L.I and 500 Human Trafficking Act for sharing during trainings for law enforcement officers Printed 500 copies of the National Plan of Action 2022–2026 Printed 200 copies of the abridged Standard Operating Procedure 1000 copies of HT flyers and stickers printed 5 pull up banners printed 600 HT branded T shirts printed and disseminated Copies are available	Stakeholders, Law Enforcement Officers, CSOs and NGOs Social Workers Chiefs Community Members Public		GoG funded/HT FUND HTS led the distribution during programs and event with partners
Documentaries	HTS collaborated with stakeholders to collate various documentaries and aired them during programs This was used during the durbars and trainings Prepared and showed documentaries during programs	Targeted the chiefs, queen mothers, driver union associations, canoe/Boat owners Associations, school children etc. The general public was a target	The documentaries were in the form of audio and visual The audio documentary was in five different languages	GOG funding for the activities and the programs
Advocacy and public sensitization	The various heads of the Anti-human trafficking Units from GPS, GIS, EOCO and the Head HTS collaboratively went on constant awareness raising program on TV and Radio Campaign Against human trafficking and child labour A number of radio stations and online platforms Radio and TV Public awareness campaigns HT Staff appeared on radio and TV to sensitize the general public on dangers of trafficking and irregular migration HT Sec. collaborated with individuals knowledgeable on HT matters to embark on awareness raising campaigns on air	This targeted the general public on issues of HT, irregular migration, child labour, child abuse and exploitation The media themselves were targeted	Various radio and TV stations Some of the stories were carried on online platforms The print media also reported on the issue The program spanned from May to September and beyond	GOG funded HTS coordinated the entire awareness raising campaign with the media and some stakeholders to be on air
	Name of Program: Commemoration of World Day Against Trafficking in Persons with a Float and Games	Targeted Groups: Law enforcement officers, NGO/ Development Partners, School Children, Journalists, General public	Over 500 participants (200 males and 300 females) at Efua Sutherland Children’s Park-Accra on 30th July 2025	Funded by Human Trafficking Secretariat of the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection
	Name of Program: Sensitization on Human Trafficking and Irregular Migration at Asankragua – Western Region Topics treated: What is Human Trafficking Indicators of Human Trafficking What is Migration Factors of Irregular migration Impact of Human Trafficking	Targeted groups: Students Teachers	2,820 participants (1,500 males and 1,320 females) at Asankragua SHS, Amenfiman SHS & Adaase Community from 27th -31st January 2025	Funded by Human Trafficking Secretariat of the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection Collaborated with GIS & OUR Rescue
	Name of Program: Sensitization on Human Trafficking at Sogakope and Akatsi Senior High School	Targeted groups: Students Teachers	3,078 participants at Comboni Technical Vocational Institute Schools-Sogakope and Akatsi Senior High School from 3rd–4th December 2025	Funded by Human Trafficking Secretariat of the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection

132.The above are steps taken by the State to effectively and impartially investigate all acts of smuggling and trafficking in persons and to prosecute and punish perpetrators and accomplices.

I.Technology facilitated trafficking

133.The Government of Ghana continues to combat the problem of technology-facilitated trafficking through enforcement actions by the Cyber Crime Unit of the Ghana Police Service, with the assistance of the Cyber Security Authority and the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit. It also does this through intensified public awareness campaigns regarding online safety and fraudulent recruitment. The Government has been able to adapt various forms of anti-trafficking action through the application and use of digital policing through the established Cyber Crime Authority.

134.The Anti-Trafficking Unit, with the assistance of the Cyber Crime Authority, monitors and makes arrests to combat the problem of online recruitment. This is done through cooperation and coordination among government agencies by regulating cybersecurity activities in Ghana by preventing, managing, and responding to cybersecurity threats and incidents. This is done by promoting the development of cybersecurity practices and standards across various sectors and facilitating collaboration between various institutions and the private sector regarding cybersecurity issues.

135.There is also the existence of the Child Protection Digital Forensic Laboratory with the Cyber Crime Unit in the Ghana Police Service and the National Cyber Crime Authority, which monitors and tracks instances of child exploitation. There is the existence of Cyber Security Authority emergency helplines and websites that crush and delete sexually explicit images and videos from traffickers used to blackmail and exploit victims. There is economic and Organised Crime Office (EOCO) Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with QNET, a private sector entity, to combat and arrest instances of online scam recruitment and receiving centers.

136.The Economic and Organised Crime Office (EOCO) signed a Memorandum of Understanding with QNET, a private sector organisation to facilitate the fight against the identification, arrest, and dismantling of online recruitment and receiving centres for scams.

137.Ghana Immigration Service (GIS) continues to use the Intelligence Unit and the Document Fraud Office to detect fraudulent travel and identity documents. The agency was involved in public awareness campaigns targeting the public on the dangers of the Internet and the need to protect children from technology-related exploitation. The sentences handed out to traffickers in 2025 were as follows:

One (1) male was convicted and sentenced to 8 years in hard labour for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694;

Two (2) females were convicted and sentenced to 5 years in hard labour for sex trafficking using the human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694;

Two (2) males were convicted and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment for sect trafficking using human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694;

One (1) female was convicted and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment for sex trafficking, using the Human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694, convicted on assault, illegal and forced abortion contrary to the criminal offenses Act of 1960, Act 29 and convicted another 5 years to serve concurrently;

One (1) female was convicted and sentenced to 9 years in hard labour for sex trafficking, using the Human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694;

One (1) male was convicted and sentenced to 9 years hard labour for sex trafficking, under the Human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694;

One (1) female was convicted and sentenced to 27 years hard labour for sex trafficking, under the Human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694;

Three (3) female was convicted and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment for sex trafficking under the Human trafficking Act of 2005 Act 694;

One (1) male was convicted and sentenced to 1 year imprisonment for Conspiracy to engage a child in exploitative labour and engaging a child in hazardous work contrary to section 87 (1), hazardous employment contrary to section 91(2)(3) of Act 560 of the Children’s Act, 1998.

138.The Ghana Immigration Service and Ghana Police Service make sure that victims are provided with necessary documentation before they are returned home. The Embassies and High commissions play a vital role too. Documents are sometimes retrieved for victims as they are seized by traffickers. New documents are prepared for victims by Ghana and Foreign Embassies. Depending on which state agency identified or intercepted the victim, there is an official letter too for easy reference.

139.Ghana used the following measures to combat smuggling networks:

(a)Enhanced border surveillance and patrols;

(b)Specialized in anti-trafficking and smuggling units;

(c)Sharing information and cooperation between agencies;

(d)Capacity building for law enforcement agencies;

(e)Strong legal frameworks and prosecutions;

(f)Customs monitoring and trade controls;

(g)International organizations and private sector cooperation.

140.Regarding the status of implementation of the national trafficking in persons referral and guidance mechanism, indicating whether it is known to stakeholders and beneficiaries in particular women and children, and the accessibility of its office throughout the territory of the state, the state developed and operationalized the National Trafficking in Persons Referral and Guidance Mechanism to facilitate the identification, protection, referral, and rehabilitation of victims of trafficking. The referral and guidance mechanism has been disseminated among key stakeholders through training programs, stakeholder consultations, and capacity-building workshops. Awareness-raising initiatives, such as community sensitization programs, public education campaigns, and interactions with local leaders and community-based organizations, have been carried out to raise the level of knowledge of the mechanism among the public and vulnerable groups in particular, such as women and children who are more vulnerable to trafficking. The referral system has been made accessible across the country through the decentralized government structures and partner institutions. The victims may access the services of the referral system through the regional and district offices of the Department of Social Welfare, police stations, immigration offices, and accredited shelters run by government and civil society organizations. These structures enable the victims and potential beneficiaries in the territory of the state of Ghana to be identified and referred to appropriate protection and support services under the national referral system.

141.The State has taken the following action to ensure that women in transit who are stranded in the State party are not forced to resort to prostitution in order to survive and to combat sexual exploitation:

(a)Provision of private and public shelters to offer protection and rehabilitation services to vulnerable migrants such as stranded women;

(b)Implementation of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in the protection of victims;

(c)Enhancement of law enforcement against trafficking syndicates;

(d)Screening at the borders and management of migration;

(e)Training of law enforcement officials and social workers and service providers;

(f)Organising awareness and prevention programs.

142.Ghana undertook capacity-building programs in human rights and smuggling and trafficking in persons and the steps taken in the country to offer the required training to law enforcement officials and relevant professionals in the State as follows.

Training and training topic	Targeted officers/officials trained	Dates of training/ venue	Total number of participants	Implementers/partners
Capacity Building Program on Human Trafficking and Child Labour Topics treated: Presentation on child labour, the worst forms of child labour, and child trafficking Differences between Migrant Smuggling and Human Trafficking: Modern Trends and Consequences Child-friendly policing, Victim identification: what to look out for Human Trafficking as an organized crime: money laundering and asset seizure Presentation on integrated Social Services and ISSOP Social Welfare Information Management Systems SWIMS referrals pathways Development of an Action Plan	Law enforcement officers, Social Welfare Officers, and local government staff	30th June–2nd July, 2025 True Vine Hotel–Ahodwo–Nhyiaeso–Ashanti Region	40 participants	Planned and organized by the Human Trafficking Secretariat Funded by the HT fund and ILO
Capacity building program on human trafficking and forced labour for law enforcement officers Topics treated: General Overview: Basic Concepts of Human Trafficking in Ghana Discussion on Child Labour, worst forms of child labour, and child trafficking Identification and Investigations of Human Trafficking Cases Differences between Migrant Smuggling and Human Trafficking: Modern Trends and Consequences Human Trafficking, drug trafficking, and double victimization of Victims Trafficking as an organized crime: money laundering and asset seizure	Law Enforcement Officers, Ghana Police Service (AHTU), Economic and Organized Crime Office (EOCO-AHTU), Ghana Immigration Service (ASHTIP) NGOs and Stakeholders	Wednesday, 9th July 2025–Thursday, 10th July 2025 Coconut Groove Hotel, North Ridge-Accra	50 participants	Planned and organized by the Human Trafficking Secretariat Funded by HT fund and OUR
Capacity building for Law Enforcement Agencies at the Public Service Unit Topics treated: Forced labour indicators How to investigate the case of human trafficking and migrant smuggling	Law enforcement officers	28th–29th January, 2025 TUC Guest House-Kumasi, Ashanti Region	40 participants	Planned and organized by the Anti- Human Trafficking Unit of the Ghana Police Service Funded by UNICEF
Capacity building workshop on Human Trafficking and Forced Labour Topics Treated: Social Psychology Multi-disciplinary Approach to Case Management Interview and Investigation Skills Evidence and Evidence Gathering Crime Scene Management Human Trafficking Case Initiation	Police Officers	7th–11th Dec 2025 Hephzibah Christian Centre Aburi	35 participants	Planned and organized by the Anti- Human Trafficking Unit of the Ghana Police Service Funded by IJM and the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit of the Ghana Police Service
Best Practices for the Prosecution of Human Trafficking Cases in Ghana Topics treated: Human Trafficking Victim Centred Legal strategy Cautioned Statements Drafting Charge Sheets	State Attorneys, Police Prosecutors, Police Investigators in the Greater Accra Region	27th to 30th January 2025 Sunlodge Hotel, Tesano, Greater Accra	23 participants (11 males and 12 females)	Planned and organized by the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit of the Ghana Police Service Funded by IJM
Best Practices for the Prosecution of Human Trafficking in Ghana Topics Treated: Human Trafficking Victim Centred Legal Strategy Cautioned Statement Drafting Charge Sheets	State Attorneys, Police Prosecutors, Police Investigators in the Central Region	18th–21st February 2025 Coconut Groove Hotel, Cape Coast, Central	22 participants (15 males and 7 females)	Collaborated with the Ghana Police Service and Office of the Attorney General Funded by IJM
Anti-Human Trafficking Training of Trainers Training Topics Treated: Training Preparation and Presentation Skills Public Speaking Trauma-Informed Care Victim/Witness Interviewing Interrogation Human Trafficking case cycle Training Presentation Exercise Overview Operational Planning	Police Officers	25th to 28th February 2025 Sunlodge Hotel, Tesano, Greater Accra	9 participants (8 males and 1 female)	Collaborated with the Ghana Police Service Funded by IJM
Human Trafficking and case management training Topics treated: The law on Human Trafficking in Ghana Foundations of pre trial Cautioned statement Evidence and evidence gathering Best practices in taking witnesses statements Tendering and preservation of exhibits Studying a docket Preparation of a charged sheet Cross examination and raising objections	Police investigators, police prosecutors, state attorney	28th to 31st July, 2025 Sky Plus hotel, Ho Municipal, Volta Region	24 participants (16 males and 8 females)	Collaborated with the Ghana Police Service and the Attorney General Funded by IJM
Training on best practices in the prosecution of human trafficking Topics treated: Witness statement Evidence gathering Best practices for trial: evidence in chief and leading a witness Cross examination and best practices for child witness/ victim of trauma	State attorneys and police prosecutors	18th to 22nd August, 2025 Noda Hotel Kumasi Metropolitan District, Ashanti Region	31 participants (9 males and 22 females)	Collaborated with the Ghana Police Service and the Attorney General Funded by IJM
Trauma-informed care training of trainer training for senior DSW Officers Topics treated: The trauma informed care approach Best practices for working with survivors of trauma Introduction to counselling Vicarious trauma Trauma sensitive communication scenarios and reporting	Senior DSW Officers in Greater Accra	24th to 27th August, 2025 Hephzibah Christian Centre Akuapim South Eastern Region	30 participants (6 males and 24 females)	Collaborated with the Department of Social Welfare Funded by IJM
Training in best practices in combatting human trafficking Topics treated: Human trafficking- foundations of investigations Interview/interrogations Multi-disciplinary investigative approach Trauma informed interviewing skills Relevance and admissibility of evidence Disclosure, confession statement Importance of evidence in criminal Investigation/prosecution Crime scene investigations Pre rescue intelligence gathering Multidisciplinary approach to operational planning Crime scene report writing	Police investigators from across Bono Region	13th to 15th November 2025 Shiela Executive hotel, Sunyani Municipal District, Bono Region	30 participants (20 males and 10 females)	Collaborated with the Ghana Police Service Funded by IJM
Multidisciplinary approach to case management training Topics treated: Human trafficking enforcement in Ghana The human trafficking law Trauma informed care Multidisciplinary approach to human trafficking case management Pre rescue intelligence gathering Operational planning Evidence gathering Building case dockets	Officers of the Ghana Police service, state attorney, DSW officers, CHRAJ officer Participants were from Savannah, Northern and North-East Region	25th to 27th November, 2025 Nim Avenue Hotel, Tamale Metropolitan District, Northern Region	39 participants (26 males and 13 females)	Collaborated with the Ghana Police Service, Department of Attorney General, Department of Social Welfare Funded by IJM
Best practices in combatting human trafficking Topics treated: Human trafficking Foundation of investigation Interview and interrogations Multidisciplinary investigative approach Trauma informed interviewing skills Crime scene investigations and evidence gathering	Police investigators from across the Western North regions	2nd to 4th December, 2025 Kenroses Hotel, Sefwi Wiawso Municipal District, Western North	29 participants (18 males and 11 females)	Collaborated with the Ghana Police Service Funded by IJM
Foundations of Trauma Informed Judicial Practices Topics treated: Foundation of a trauma informed approach Mental health awareness Vicarious trauma: Understanding and managing vicarious trauma	Staff of judicial institute	22nd to 23rd December 2025 Capital view hotel, New Juaben South Municipal district, Eastern region	20 participants (13 males and 7 females)	Collaborated with Judicial Training Institute Funded by IJM
Trauma Informed Judicial Practices for judges Topics treated: Understanding Trauma and its impact on victims Trauma informed care The impact of trauma on engagement in court proceedings Foundations of trauma informed care Trauma informed court practice and procedure Trauma informed court environment Victim’s rights in Ghana Understanding and managing vicarious trauma Best practices of engaging children witnesses in court Minimizing secondary victimization	High and Circuit court judges from Volta, Eastern and Oti regions	3rd to 4th December, 2025 Fiesta royale Hotel, Ga West, Greater Accra	27 participants (13 males and 14 females)	Collaborated with Judicial Training Institute Funded by IJM
Transnational Organized Crime Topics treated: Passenger profiling Victim Identification Trauma informed care for victims	Border Security Council (BOSEC)	20th–24th January, 2025 VIP Lounge, Aflao, Ketu South Municipal Assembly, Volta Region	50 participants	Planned and organized by GIS‑AHSTIP Funded by International Center for Safe Migration (ICSM) and UN‑IDEP
Investigative Techniques Topics Treated: Role of Investigator Golden Hour Principle Expectation of the Court Evidence Report writing Suspect Interview Criminal Process and building case files Statement taken Witness interview	Government and Non-Governmental organizations	20th–31st January 2025 British High Commission, Korley Klottey Municipal Assembly, Greater Accra region	50 participants	Planned and organized by GIS‑AHSTIP Funded by British High Commission
Transitional Organized Crime; Focus on the Palermo Protocol on Smuggling Topics Treated: Passenger profiling Migrant Smuggling Act, 2012(Act 848) Effects of Smuggling on migrants	Border Security Council (BOSEC)	17th‑21st February 2025 Customs VIP Lounge, Ketu South Municipal Assembly, Volta region	50 participants	Planned and organized by GIS‑AHSTIP Funded by International Center for Safe Migration (ICSM) and UN‑IDEP
Transnational Organized Crime: Focus on Palermo Protocol on Human trafficking Topics treated: Passenger profiling Human trafficking Act 2005 (Act 694) and Amendments Act, 2009 (Act 748)	Border Security Council (BOSEC)	24th–28th February, 2025 Customs VIP Lounge, Ketu South Municipal Assembly, Volta region	50 participants	Planned and organized by the GIS‑AHSTIP Funded by International Center for Safe Migration (ICSM) and UN‑IDEP
Operational Security Training Topics treated: Operational Security Digital Security Communication Security Situational Awareness Travel Security Surveillance Awareness	Law Enforcement Agencies	10th–23rd March, 2025 Midindi hotel, La Dadekotopon Municipal Assembly, Greater Accra region	30 participants	Organized and facilitated by GIS‑AHSTIP Funded by Operation Underground Railroad
Transnational Organized Crimes; Focus on Human trafficking and Migrant Smuggling Topics treated: Passenger profiling Victim Identification Trauma care for victims	Border Security Council (BOSEC)	4th April 2025 Customs VIP Lounge, Ketu South Municipal Assembly, Volta region	30 participants	Organized and facilitated by GIS‑AHSTIP Funded by International Center for Safe Migration (ICSM) and the Handmaids of the Divine Redeemer Sisters’ Foundation (HDRSF)
Data Operations Topics treated: Data Management Data Filing Data Gathering on Victims	Law enforcement officers (GIS)	16th–20th June, 2025 Police Headquarter, La Dadekotopon Municipal Assembly, Greater Accra	19 participants	Facilitated by the Ghana Immigration Service (GIS)‑ASHTIP Funded by INTERPOL and WAPIS, Ghana
Document Fraud and Security Features on Passport Topics treated: Substrate Printing and inks Counterfeit detection Laser-engraved polycarbonate data Use of Optically Variable Devices (OVDs)	Officers of the Ghana Immigration Service	18th–19th September, 2025 British High Commission, Korley Klottey Municipal Assembly, Greater Accra	21 participants	Facilitated by GIS‑ASHTIP Funded by the British High Commission
Operational Security Topics treated: Operational security Personal Security Communication Security Digital and Travel security	Security Officers	18th–27th March 2025 Midindi Hotel, Greater Accra	32 participants (17 males and 15 females)	Organized and facilitated by EOCO Funded by OUR Rescue
Smile Ghana Project community Stakeholder Sensitization workshop Topics treated: Child trafficking and child marriage	Local community stakeholders	11th September, 2025 Infront of the victim’s family house, Mamprugu Moagduri district, North East Region	9 participants (4 males and 5 females)	Organized and facilitated by Department of Social Welfare, Mamprugu Moagduri District Funded by CRADA
Trauma-Informed Care Training for DSW Officers Topics treated: Trauma-Informed Care Case Management Alternative Care	DSW Officers from Sunyani, Bono Region	10th to 14th February 2025 Sheila’s Executive Hotel, Sunyani, Bono Region	29 participants (18 males and 11 females)	Organized and facilitated by Department of Social Welfare Funded by IJM
Trauma-Informed Care Training for DSW Officers in the Western North Region Topics treated: Trauma-Informed Care Case Management Alternative Care	DSW Officers in the Western North Region	17th to 21st February 2025 Villa Boakye Yiadom Hotel, Sefwi Wiawso, Western North Region	21 participants (17 males and 4 females)	Organized and facilitated by Department of Social Welfare Funded by IJM
One day refresher course on Child Labour Annual Reporting Template Topics treated: Comprehensive reporting in line with the Ghana Accelerated Action Plan Againstchild labour	Partners	23rd January 2025 at the Ministry of Labour, Jobs and Employment Conference room, Accra	65 participants (34 males and 31 females)	Organized and facilitated by the Child Labour Unit under the Ministry of Labour, Jobs and Employment
Three (3) day capacity building training for Labour Inspectors and Officers on Labour Inspections in the informal sector	Labour officers/Inspectors	25th February–1st March 2025 Menish Hotel Kumasi, Ashanti Region	60 participants (34 males and 26 females)	Organized and facilitated by the Child Labour Unit under the Ministry of Labour, Jobs and Employment

143.An annual budget dedicated for human, technical and financial resources to detect and eliminate smuggling and trafficking in persons to provide protection appropriate training to law enforcement officers, judges, embassy, and consulate staff, media workers and other relevant professionals in the state party was as follows.

Institution	Cash assistance
Human Trafficking Secretariat	1 455 627.97
Ghana Police Service	844 200.00
Ghana Immigration Service	408 800.00
Economic and Organized Crime Office	743 400.00
Total	3 452 027.97

144.The human resources in the Human Trafficking Secretariat comprise an administrative officer, clinical psychologists, a research officer, program officer, caterers, cleaners, security personnel.

145.The total staff strength in the Human Trafficking Secretariat was twenty nine (29).

146.Measures were taken to strengthen the collection of data on victims were as follows:

(a)Training of focal persons and government officials on data reporting;

(b)Coordination of data reporting through national TIP reporting templates;

(c)Meeting with key stakeholders to gather data on victims quarterly prior to the submission of the Trafficking in Persons report.

147.With regard to the provision for victims of smuggling and trafficking in persons, including the issuance of temporary or permanent residence permits, Section 34 of the Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694) deals with the continued stay of illegal immigrants and provides that foreign victims of trafficking who are illegally in Ghana shall be granted continued stay or temporary residence if the presence of the victim in Ghana for the investigation or prosecution of a trafficking offences or other considerations relating to the victim’s safety and welfare would make immediate repatriation inappropriate.

148.Measures were taken to effectively disseminate information on the issues of smuggling and trafficking of persons, the risks involved in irregular migration and desert crossing, and assistance to victims through preventive campaigns, as wells as to combat the spread of false information on emigration and immigration. This was done through the following programs:

(a)National and community awareness campaigns;

(b)Media outreach programs/public education;

(c)Annual anti-trafficking commemorations;

(d)Border sensitization programs;

(e)Collaboration with international organizations/civil society;

(f)Public information on victim protection and reporting system.

149.This helps in the prevention of trafficking and smuggling, safe migration, and the protection of vulnerable individuals from being exploited.

150.Measures were taken to strengthen international, regional, and bilateral cooperation in the prevention and combating of smuggling and trafficking in persons. This was done by the Government of Ghana by strengthening the bilateral cooperation mechanisms in labour migration and employment. This was achieved by entering into a Memorandum of Understanding between Ghana and Grenada aimed at facilitating the recruitment of Ghanaian nurses into the health sector of Grenada. This was aimed at creating structured and beneficial employment opportunities for Ghanaians. Ghana also ratified an already signed bilateral agreement between Ghana and the State of Qatar, thereby giving full legal effect to the agreement.

151.Ghana has made efforts in raising public awareness on the danger of crossing the Sahara Desert by collaborating with the media and the law enforcement agencies in searching for and rescuing migrants who have gone missing during the journey by:

(a)The Human Trafficking Secretariat has undertaken various public education and awareness creation campaigns through various public durbars, schools, media, IE&C materials, and documentary videos aimed at enlightening potential migrants on the issues of human trafficking and irregular migration;

(b)The law enforcement agencies, namely the Ghana Police Service, Ghana Immigration Service, and other relevant officials, have been brained in detecting smuggling rings, identifying, monitoring and preventing irregular migration;

(c)The Human Trafficking Secretariat in collaboration with relevant stakeholders has organized public dialogues involving various community leaders and religious leaders aimed at enlightening the public on the danger of irregular migration.

J.Progress in ratification of international instruments

152.Ghana is in the process of considering the ratification of various international conventions on labour and migration.

153.These conventions include those ratified by the International Labour Organization, namely the Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97), and the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189).

154.The Government is committed to aligning its labour and migration policies with international labour standards.

155.Discussions are ongoing among relevant Government Institutions and social partners aimed at evaluating the implications of ratifying these conventions and ensuring consistency of domestic laws with provisions of these conventions.

III.Institutional protection mechanisms and human rights oversight

A.Strengthening the Commission of Human Rights and Administrative Justice

156.The Government of Ghana acknowledges the significant role played by National Human Rights Institutions in the promotion and protection of the human rights of migrant workers and members of their families.

157.The Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, which was established in accordance with the provision of the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice Act, 1993 (Act 456), has the responsibility of investigating complaints of human rights violations, administrative injustice, and corruption.

158.The 2023, CHRAJ established a Migration Desk with the objective of strengthening the capacity of the Commission in the handling of migration-related human rights violations. The Migration Desk serves as focal point for the receipt and investigation of complaints from migrant workers and members of their families who claim violations of their human rights.

159.This has significantly improved the capacity of the Commission to provide information to migrant workers about judicial and administrative remedies available to them.

160.The Government has also supported efforts aimed at capacity building for CHRAJ staff in the handling of migrant-related human rights violations. The capacity building has the objective of equipping CHRAJ staff with the necessary knowledge in the handling of migrant worker-related human rights violations.

161.Efforts are underway to review the existing legal framework on the operations of CHRAJ with the objective of strengthening its capacity. The proposed amendments would empower the Commission to:

(a)Interact with regional and international human rights mechanisms;

(b)Encourage the ratification and implementation of international human rights instruments;

(c)Conduct unannounced visits to public and private places of detention.

162.In terms of resources, Commission is funded through the budget. Although the Government continues to financially support its activities, there is an effort to enhance financial independence of the Commission in accordance with international standards for national human rights institutions.

163.Measures that also been put in place to ensure transparent and inclusive processes in the selection and appointment of CHRAJ officials and to promote gender balance in the staff composition of the CHRAJ.

B.The role of traditional and customary authorities

164.Traditional authorities remain significant in the integration of migrant workers socially and economically in the local communities in Ghana.

165.Traditional authorities in the form of chiefs and elders in the local communities serve as intermediaries in the resolution of conflicts arising from the relations between migrant workers and the local communities.

166.Through customary dispute resolution mechanisms, conflicts arising from the use of land, employment relations, and community relations are resolved.

167.This has the potential to foster peaceful coexistence and integration if the mechanisms are employed in such a manner that respects the basic human rights of individuals.

168.Traditional authorities were engaged in the design of initiatives aimed at creating awareness about the rights of migrant workers by government agencies and civil society.

169.This was done in such a manner as to ensure the customary dispute resolution mechanisms operate in harmony with the national laws and international human rights principles.

170.Traditional authorities were engaged in the design of initiatives aimed at creating awareness about the integration of migrant workers socially and economically in the local communities in Ghana.

C.Status of the Convention in the hierarchy of norms

171.International treaties ratified by Ghana, such as the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, form part of the legal obligations of the State.

172.Under the Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992, international treaties ratified by Parliament can be implemented by the Parliament or the courts where the provisions of the treaties are in conformity with the Constitution.

173.Though the Convention has yet to be fully implemented in the country by the comprehensive Act, some provision if the Convention have been fully or partly implemented in the country’s laws on labour, anti-trafficking, and constitutional provisions on equality and human dignity.

174.Public authorities rely on the provisions in the national laws when addressing the issues concerning migrant workers.

175.In some instances, the courts and other authorities have cited international human rights instruments and treaty provisions while interpreting national laws on labour rights and non-discrimination.

D.Access to justice for migrant workers

176.Migrant workers in Ghana have access to a number of judicial and administrative mechanisms to seek redress in the event of the violation of their rights.

177.These mechanisms include:

(a)The National courts;

(b)Labour Department;

(c)Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice;

(d)Ghana Immigration Service.

178.Migrant workers can file complaints on matters such as labour exploitation, non-payment of wages, and other abuses.

179.Legal assistance to migrant works can also be sought in the form of public institutions, legal practitioners, and civil society organizations providing legal aid to the poor.

180.The Government has also undertaken to educate migrant workers on the mechanisms available to them in seeking justice in the event of the violation of their rights.

181.The information has been disseminated to migrant workers in the form of information materials and has been disseminated by the Government through the offices of the labour department and immigration service.

E.Complaints mechanisms and redress

182.During the reporting period, the complaints relating to migrant workers have been dealt with by different agencies based on the nature of the violation.

183.Cases relating to labour disputes are normally handled by either the Labour Department or the Courts.

184.Cases relating to human rights violations are handled by CHRAJ, while criminal activities such trafficking in persons are handled by law enforcement agencies.

185.The statistical data collected by the State on human trafficking in 2025 is as follows.

Total victims	Sex of victims	Type of victims	Type of exploitation	Nationality
Male	Female	Child	Adult	Labour	Sex	Unspecified exploitation	Ghanaians	Other nationals
F	M	Total	F	M	Total
2 331	1 542	789	183	242	425	606	1 300	1 906	1 302	492	537	862	1 469

186.Where there are violations, remedies may include:

(a)Payment of outstanding wages;

(b)Payment of damages;

(c)Imposition of administrative sanctions on offending employers;

(d)Prosecution of offenders.

187.Efforts have also been made to ensure that migrant workers in irregular situations are not dissuaded from reporting violations due to fear of immigration control.

188.The Human Trafficking Secretariat under the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection takes measures to ensure consistent and comparable data on human trafficking within all Government institutions. These measures include:

(a)Developing standardized data collection tools and reporting templates for all MDAs and MMDAs;

(b)Working in collaboration with relevant stakeholders such as the Ghana Police Service, Ghana Immigration Service, Department of Social Welfare, and Attorney-General’s Department;

(c)Organizing periodic training for relevant officers to ensure accurate documentation and reporting of trafficking cases.

189.These measures have ensured that all data on human trafficking collected nationwide are consistent, reliable, and comparable.

190.The Human Trafficking Secretariat ensures that information on human trafficking and Government intervention is accessible to all members of society through publications, media, awareness creation, and other official Government platforms in collaboration with relevant stakeholders.

191.Again, the Human Trafficking Secretariat, through collaboration with key stakeholders, undertakes to create awareness and conduct capacity building trainings for social workers, law enforcement agencies, members of the judiciary, civil society, and other key stakeholders on the Human Trafficking Act 2005 (Act 694), National Plan of Action on the Elimination on Human Trafficking in Ghana. The trainings are conducted for migrants and vulnerable groups. The Secretariat also develops and disseminates Information, Education, and Communication (IE&C) materials on safe migration, reduction of human trafficking, and rights of migrants.

192.The State has put in place various anti-corruption agencies to combat corruption by officials responsible for the implementation of the Convention. The agencies include the Office of the Special Prosecutor, Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ), Ghana Police Service, and Economic and Organised Crime Office (EOCO).

193.In addition, there are various pieces of legislation such as the Criminal Offences Act, which provides criminal penalties for corruption committed by officials responsible for the implementation of the Convention. The efforts made to promote reporting of corruption by migrant workers and members of families of such officials include creating awareness on reporting corruption and how to use toll-free lines and digital platforms to report cases while protecting identity.

194.The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection has a Human Trafficking Secretariat whose role is to coordinate all activities as outlined in the National Plan of Action. The National Plan of Action has various activities under the 4Ps (Prevention, Protection, Prosecution and Partnership) which include training and awareness creation on human trafficking, irregular migration, and all forms of exploitation. The ministry works in collaboration with the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) to organize capacity-building workshops on the effective migration management for all stakeholders. This will help all stakeholders deal with trafficking, migrant smuggling, and all forms of exploitation with greater awareness and skills for protection and referral for migrant workers.

F.Measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic

195.The Government adopted several measures during the global outbreak of COVID-19 to protect the population, including migrant workers and their families.

196.These measures included border control measures, public health screening measures at points of entry into the country, as well as adopting measures to deal with the pandemic as outlined in the national response plan.

197.The Government ensured migrant workers had access to health services during the pandemic despite their nationality or immigration status.

198.Migrant workers were included in the national vaccination plan for COVID-19 and were able to access COVID-19 testing and treatment services through the health services.

199.The Government paid special attention to migrant detention centers to prevent the spread of the virus in these areas.

200.In collaboration with diplomatic missions and other international partners, the Government provided for the voluntary return of Ghanaian nationals stranded in foreign countries during the pandemic.

201.At the same time, efforts were made to ensure that immigration and asylum procedures continued to function, albeit with some adjustments to protect public health.

G.Measures to combat racism, xenophobia and discrimination

202.The Government remains committed to the prevention and combating of racism, xenophobia, and discrimination against migrant workers.

203.The national laws prohibit discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or nationality. Public education campaigns have been rolled rout to promote tolerance and social cohesion in communities hosting migrants.

204.Violence or discrimination against migrants is investigated by law enforcement agencies, and where necessary, legal action has been taken.

205.Migrant women and girls benefit from a number of national policies rolled out to promote gender equality and protect the vulnerable in the country.

206.These national policies and frameworks include the National Gender Policy, the National Strategic Framework on Ending Child Marriage in Ghana, and the Ghana National Action Plan on Women Peace and Security.

207.These national policies and frameworks include the National Gender Policy, the National Strategic Framework on Ending Child Marriage in Ghana, and the Ghanaian National Action Plan on Women Peace and Security.

208.These policy frameworks provide support to initiatives rolled out to address gender-based violence, women empowerment, and the protection of the rights of girls.

209.Migrant women and girls in Ghana benefit from a number of the initiatives rolled out by the state to promote gender equality and protect the vulnerable in the country.

IV.Protection of migrant workers abroad and return migration

A.Consular protection and assistance to Ghanaian migrant workers abroad

210.The Government of Ghana continues to enhance the protection of its citizens working abroad through the diplomatic and consular missions across the globe by the authority of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

211.Ghanaian embassies and consulates offer support to Ghanaian migrants who encounter migration-related problems in the destination countries. The support includes:

(a)Legal and consular support to detained migrants;

(b)Mediation in labour disputes involving Ghanaian migrant workers;

(c)Support in cases of trafficking, exploitation, or abuse of Ghanaian migrant workers;

(d)Facilitation of emergency travel documents;

(e)Organizing repatriation or evacuation in exceptional circumstances.

212.Ghanaian embassies and consulates in the destination countries also play an important role in monitoring the well-being of Ghanaian migrant workers. They engage with the immigration authorities in the destination countries to ensure the rights of Ghanaian nationals in these countries are respected.

213.Consular officers in Ghanaian embassies and consulates in the destination countries undergo periodic training in the rights of migrant workers and the procedures for offering support in cases of labour exploitation, trafficking in persons, and immigration detention.

214.The Government has improved the communication channels between Ghanaian embassies and relevant institutions in the country in addressing migration-related emergencies involving Ghanaian nationals in the destination countries.

B.Protection of migrant children and families

215.The Government recognizes the importance of protecting migrant children and preserving family ties in the context of migration.

216.The child protection policies and laws in Ghana apply equally to migrant children in Ghana regardless of their nationality or immigration status.

217.The Children’s Act, 1998 (Act 560), establishes the guidelines for the protection of children against exploitation, abuse, or neglect.

218.Government institutions in Ghana responsible for the protection of children collaborate with the immigration authorities and social welfare institutions in the country to offer support to migrant children who are identified as vulnerable.

219.Special attention is given to migrant children who are unaccompanied and may need shelter, legal protection, and tracing services for their families.

220.The Government also recognizes the challenges faced by children whose parents have migrated for employment in their countries. Such children are referred to as ‘left behind children.’ Programs are implemented by social welfare agencies and civil society organizations to support these children.

C.Detention and deportation procedures

221.The Government of Ghana aims to ensure that immigration procedures in carried out in a manner consistent with international human rights standards.

222.The Ghana Immigration Service is responsible for the administration of immigration law in Ghana, including the regulation of entry, residence, and departure of foreign nationals into and out of Ghana.

223.The detention of migrants is used as a last resort and in accordance with relevant procedures.

224.Individuals placed in immigration detention are informed of the reasons for detention and have the opportunity to challenge detention before relevant authorities.

225.Efforts have been made to improve detention facilities for migrants and ensure that they have access to basic services such as medical attention and communication facilities to engage their representatives and family members.

226.In situations where deportation is necessary, the Government aims to ensure that deportation procedures are carried out in a humane and dignified manner.

D.Measures to address statelessness

227.The Government continues to examine measures aimed at preventing and reducing statelessness in conformity with international standards.

228.Relevant provisions in the Citizenship Act, 2000 (Act 591) outline mechanisms for acquiring citizenship in Ghana as a native, by descent, registration, or naturalization.

229.The authorities responsible for civil registration have undertaken various initiatives to enhance birth registration coverage throughout the country.

230.Enhanced birth registration enables children to determine their nationality and eliminates the risk of statelessness.

231.The Government continues to review various international legal instruments on the issue of statelessness and to assess the implications of possible accession to these instrument.

E.Return and reintegration of migrants

232.The Government acknowledges that return migration is an important factor that contributes to the development of the nation, provided that the migrants successfully reintegrate into their communities.

233.The Government has implemented various programs to ensure that migrants successfully reintegrate into their communities through various skill development and livelihood enhancement programs.

234.Government agencies collaborate with various programs to ensure that migrants successfully reintegrate into their communities through various reintegration programs. These programs are provided to migrants who voluntarily return to Ghana due to unsuccessful migration attempts and/or experiences of exploitation while abroad.

F.Future priorities

235.Strengthening institutional coordination in migration governance.

236.Improving migration data collection and analysis.

237.Enhancing the regulation of private recruitment agencies.

238.Expanding awareness campaigns on safe migration.

239.Strengthening protection mechanisms for migrant workers abroad.

240.Increasing the capacity of institutions responsible for labour inspection and migrant protection.

241.The Government of Ghana is committed to continuing cooperation with regional and international partners in order to promote safe, orderly and regular migration, while at the same time respecting the right workers and their families.

Conclusion

242.The Government of Ghana affirms its commitment to the full implementation of the International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.

243.Migration has always played an important part in the social and economic development of Ghana, and the Government recognizes the significant contributions made by migrant workers in Ghana both internally and externally.

244.The Government of Ghana is committed to ensuring that migration in Ghana takes place in a manner that respects human dignity, contributes to development, and respects the rights of all migrant workers and members of their families.

245.The Government looks forward to engaging constructively with the Committee during the review of this report at its forthcoming session.