Committee on the Rights of the Child

List of issues prior to submission of the combined sixth and seventh reports of Romania *

1.The State party is requested to submit in writing the information requested below, of 21,200 words maximum, by 15 June 2024. The replies should take into consideration the Committee’s recommendations contained in its concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of the State party. The Committee may take up all aspects of children’s rights set out in the Convention and the Optional Protocols thereto during the dialogue with the State party.

I.New developments

2.The Committee requests the State party to provide:

(a)Information on the adoption or reform of laws, policies and programmes and any other type of measures taken, such as the creation or reform of institutions, that are significant for the implementation of the Convention and the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict and the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;

(b)Information on the impact of the measures taken to mitigate the adverse effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic;

(c)Any other information that the State party considers relevant in regard to subparagraph (a) above and that is not covered in the replies to the questions below, including information on obstacles and challenges faced;

(d)Information on policies aimed at supporting children displaced from Ukraine due to the armed attack by the Russian Federation;

3.The Committee also requests the State party to provide information on how a child rights-based approach is integrated into the planning, implementation and monitoring of measures for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, including with regard to the participation of children and data collection, and how such measures promote the realization of children’s rights under the Convention and the Optional Protocols thereto.

II.Rights under the Convention

A.General measures of implementation (arts. 4, 42 and 44 (6))

Legislation

4.Please provide information on the following:

(a)The measures taken to ensure the implementation of Law No. 191/2022 amending Law No. 272/2004 on the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, particularly regarding the obligation of residential facilities to limit their capacity to 12 children and regarding the right of children to social assistance;

(b)The status of the draft law on the prevention of separation of children from families, the draft amendments to Law No. 292/2011 on social assistance and the draft laws on pre-university education and on university education. Please indicate how they are aligned with the provisions of the Convention;

(c)The measures taken, including with regard to resource allocation and capacity-building, and the mechanisms in place to ensure the coordinated implementation and monitoring of the new legislation and how children and children’s organizations were involved in the amendment process;

(d)The efforts made to ratify the Optional Protocol on a communications procedure.

Comprehensive policy, strategy and coordination

5.Please provide information on the following:

(a)The status of the draft national strategy for child rights (2022–2027) and the associated operational plan, whether they cover all areas of children’s rights under the Convention, and the resources allocated for implementation;

(b)The measures taken to put in place mechanisms for the monitoring, evaluation and cross-sectoral implementation of the draft national action plan for the European Child Guarantee;

(c)The measures taken to ensure adequate coordination of the activities related to the implementation of the Convention and the National Strategy on the Protection and Promotion of Children’s Rights 2014–2020 at all levels and the roles of the coordinating committee for the protection and advancement of children’s rights and the National Authority for the Protection of the Rights of the Child and Adoption in this regard.

Independent monitoring

6.Please provide information on the measures taken:

(a)To support the accreditation of the Office of the Ombudsman and guarantee its full independence in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles);

(b)To strengthen the capacity of the Office of the Children’s Ombudsman to promote and protect children’s rights, including through staff training on the rights of the child and related matters;

(c)To increase the visibility of the Children’s Ombudsman, particularly among children, and to enhance dialogue with children and civil society;

(d)To ensure that the complaint mechanism is child-friendly.

Allocation of resources

7.Please provide information on the following:

(a)The measures taken to establish a budgeting process that includes a child-rights perspective, with clear allocations for children, specific indicators and a tracking system to monitor and evaluate the adequacy, efficacy and equitability of public expenditure on children, and to address challenges in this regard, particularly with regard to the insufficient amount of disaggregated data, the mapping of the existing capacities, fiscal transparency and accountability and the different levels of centralization of the key sectors, such as health and education;

(b)The measures taken, and further plans, to increase public expenditure on social and child protection; health, especially primary health care; education, especially at the preschool and primary levels; and children in vulnerable situations;

(c)The mechanisms in place to ensure a transparent and participatory budgeting process, involving children in particular, and to eradicate corruption.

Data collection

8.Please inform the Committee about the efforts made to improve the collection and analysis of disaggregated data, including by unifying terminology and reporting methods and strengthening data-sharing between sectors, to ensure that the data cover all areas of the Convention. In particular, data should cover children in vulnerable situations, including Roma children; children living in poverty; children with disabilities; refugee and asylum-seeking children, including Ukrainian children; adolescent pregnancy; and mental health. In this regard, please provide information on plans to conduct the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to close the gaps in disaggregated data on vulnerable groups.

Dissemination, awareness-raising and training

9.Please provide information on:

(a)Awareness-raising programmes, including campaigns and education programmes, targeting children in vulnerable situations, especially Roma children, children in rural areas, children in institutions and children with disabilities, and systematic training provided to relevant professional groups, at the national and local levels, on the provisions of the Convention, the Optional Protocols thereto and the Committee’s concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of the State party;

(b)The plans to translate the Committee’s general comments into Romanian.

Cooperation with civil society

10.Please provide information on the efforts made:

(a)To develop a transparent system of contracting civil society organizations for the delivery of social services;

(b)To involve non-governmental organizations and children’s rights groups in the implementation and monitoring of the Convention and the Optional Protocols thereto and to strengthen their capacity in this regard, including by establishing a transparent system of contracting civil society organizations for the delivery of social services to complement the Government’s efforts, as previously recommended, and ensuring access to sustainable funding and financing.

Children’s rights and the business sector

11.Please provide information on the efforts made to engage the business sector on children’s rights and to establish a regulatory child protection framework for companies operating under the jurisdiction of the State party, particularly in the area of online gambling and betting, including policies, legislation, regulations, mechanisms for conducting child rights impact assessments, monitoring and evaluation, and access to justice, in order to report and address children’s rights violations.

B.Definition of the child (art. 1)

Minimum age for marriage

12.Please describe the progress made in amending the legislation to remove exceptions that allow marriage below the age of 18 and in ending child marriage.

C.General principles (arts. 2, 3, 6 and 12)

Non-discrimination

13.Please provide information on:

(a)The measures taken to address discrimination against children in vulnerable situations, in law and practice, including girls, children in rural areas, children living in poverty, Roma children, children with disabilities, children in institutions, asylum-seeking and refugee children and LGBTQI+ children, and to ensure that they have access to education, health care and a decent standard of living on an equal basis with other children;

(b)The measures taken to address segregation and hate speech against Roma children, particularly in school;

(c)The monitoring and complaint mechanisms open to children and their parents or legal guardians in cases of discrimination, particularly in school;

(d)The proposed amendment (No. 243/2022) to Law 272/2004, which affects LGBTQI+ children as it suggests protecting children against the “popularization” of homosexuality or sex change.

Best interests of the child

14.Please inform the Committee about the measures taken to ensure that the principle of the best interests of the child is used to assess new polices and legislation, including measures to establish an impact assessment mechanism; that professionals working with and for children receive systematic training and guidance to be able to understand and apply the principle, including in administrative and judicial proceedings; and that children have access to services.

Respect for the views of the child

15.Please provide information on the measures taken:

(a)To encourage, promote and support the participation of children, particularly children in vulnerable situations, including children with disabilities, Roma children, children in institutions and children in rural and remote areas, and ensure that their views are taken into account, including in the implementation and evaluation of relevant policies and programmes;

(b)To strengthen mechanisms for child participation, including the National Students Council and child-led groups, including through the provision of capacity-building and human and financial resources, to enable children to effectively contribute to the decision-making process;

(c)To establish complaint mechanisms accessible by students who have been subjected to violations of their right to participation under the Law on national education and the Pupil’s Statute;

(d)To train relevant professionals on the right of the child to be heard;

(e)To encourage child participation in decisions regarding environmental degradation and climate change.

D.Civil rights and freedoms (arts. 7, 8 and 13–17)

Birth registration, name and nationality

16.Please provide information on the measures taken:

(a)To ensure that all children, in particular Roma children, Ukrainian children born in Romania since February 2022 and children born to refugee mothers, have access to birth registration and birth certificates without delay;

(b)To revise the Citizenship Law to include safeguards against statelessness at birth and to establish a dedicated statelessness determination procedure;

(c)Collect disaggregated data on stateless children.

Access to appropriate information

17.Please provide information on the measures taken:

(a)To encourage companies to comply with the Committee’s general comment No. 25 (2021) on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment, including by protecting children’s personal data, creating accessible complaint processes and developing policies and mechanisms to protect children from violence, excessive screen use and online bullying;

(b)To ensure access to appropriate information and protection from harmful contents, including disinformation and fake news, harmful products and online risks;

(c)To ensure access to the Internet and digital technologies countrywide, as well as to promote digital skills among, and access to media literacy education for, all children, in particular children in vulnerable situations, especially Roma children, children in rural areas, children in institutions and children with disabilities, and their parents or caregivers and teachers;

(d)To ensure safe and meaningful participation by children in online environments, including by building the capacity of the media to support child participation and promote children’s rights and by encouraging the media to create spaces and opportunities for children to be heard;

(e)To provide child-friendly, evidence-based information on environmental and climate-change issues.

E.Violence against children (arts. 19, 24 (3), 28 (2), 34, 37 (a) and 39)

Corporal punishment

18.Please provide information on the measures taken to end the practice and social acceptance of corporal punishment in all settings, including at home, in schools, in day care and in alternative care facilities, and to promote positive, non-violent and participatory forms of child-rearing and discipline, including awareness-raising and education programmes for parents, teachers and care professionals, including on the adverse consequences of corporal punishment on children.

Freedom of the child from all forms of violence

19.Please provide information on:

(a)Existing policies, strategies and action plans to prevent and protect children from all forms of violence in, inter alia, childcare and alternative-care settings, the justice system and online, including in particular bullying, cyberbullying and sexual exploitation and abuse in school;

(b)Resources dedicated to monitoring, preventing and responding to the risks of abuse and neglect in the family environment;

(c)Measures taken to train and support relevant professionals in identifying and referring cases of abuse and neglect in the family environment;

(d)Comprehensive specialized support, including forensic interviews, psychological therapy and social integration assistance, and avenues for reporting and seeking justice available to children who are victims of violence, including sexual violence, abuse and neglect;

(e)The reporting, investigation and prosecution of cases of violence against children since 2017, including cases of rape resulting in pregnancy and cases of violence in institutions, and the sanctions imposed, and on the measures taken to end impunity.

Harmful practices

20.Please provide information on:

(a)The measures taken to address social norms and cultural practices that lead to child marriage and that serve to justify adolescent pregnancy and the use of violence, including corporal punishment;

(b)Any regulation of and protocol for the treatment of intersex children, including non-consensual medical or surgical interventions.

F.Family environment and alternative care (arts. 5, 9–11, 18 (1) and (2), 20, 21, 25 and 27 (4))

Family environment

21.Please provide information on children left behind by a parent or parents working abroad, disaggregated by age, sex, ethnicity, nationality, disability, region, socioeconomic situation, form of care and any temporary delegation of parental rights, and on the measures taken:

(a)To ensure that children of parents working abroad have proper access to education, including education on reproductive health, and to health care, social benefits and identity documents;

(b)To promote the equal sharing of family responsibilities and support parents in taking care of children, especially young children, and to encourage parents to spend quality time with their children;

(c)To allocate adequate resources for early identification or detection of families at risk, to expand the social service workforce and increase the provision of training for such workers in that area, to provide family support services to prevent family separation and to facilitate the reintegration of children into their families; please include, in particular, references to children in rural, remote and marginalized communities, economically deprived families and families at risk of poverty when providing this information;

(d)To collect data to assess needs and develop capacity-development plans in the area of community-based and social services, including day-care and recovery centres, particularly with regard to children with disabilities and children in other vulnerable situations.

Children deprived of a family environment

22.Please provide information on:

(a)The progress made in the implementation of the plan for deinstitutionalizing children in residential care and ensuring their transition to community-based care, adopted in 2016, and the measures taken to reduce the number of children who enter the system, and to support the transition to community-based services, in particular with regard to children with disabilities, Roma children and children below 7 years of age;

(b)The criteria for placement in residential care and how the best interests of the child are prioritized;

(c)The measures taken to support and facilitate family-based care for children, including for children with severe disabilities, in particular those below 7 years of age;

(d)The plans to strengthen professional foster care, including through a recruitment campaign and through training focused particularly on fostering children with special needs;

(e)The periodicity of the review of placement in alternative care and the channels for reporting, monitoring and remedying maltreatment of children;

(f)The measures taken to ensure sustainable solutions for children leaving care, including life skills development programmes, leave plans and access to health care, housing, education, employment and adequate financial support;

(g)The measures taken to protect the rights of children of incarcerated parents, including regular visitation rights tailored to the needs of the children.

Adoption

23.Please specify the progress made in the implementation of the revised Law on Adoption, including with regard to the adoption of children with severe disabilities and Roma children and access to intercountry adoption, in accordance with the Committee’s previous concluding observations.

G.Children with disabilities (art. 23)

24.Please provide information on the measures taken:

(a)To adopt a human-rights approach to disability, in law and practice, and to allocate adequate financial, human and technical resources for its implementation;

(b)To develop a coordinated approach for disability assessment and ensure access to specialized health and rehabilitation services, including early identification and diagnosis and early intervention and rehabilitation;

(c)To strengthen the childcare system and provide specialized support services to reduce the risks of poverty faced by, and the social exclusion of, children with disabilities;

(d)To ensure access to inclusive education, including by training and assigning an adequate number of specialized teachers and professionals to assist children with disabilities in integrated classes.

H.Basic health and welfare (arts. 6, 18 (3), 24, 26, 27 (1)–(3) and 33)

Health and health-care services

25.Please provide information on measures taken:

(a)To reduce maternal, newborn and infant mortality and to ensure access to adequate antenatal and postnatal care, especially in rural and remote areas and vulnerable communities;

(b)To improve access to quality and affordable health-care and health insurance, including by providing trained specialists, equipment and facilities for care related to oncological and rare diseases, reducing urban-rural disparities and strengthening the coverage and capacity of the school health network;

(c)To ensure that all children receive all necessary vaccinations, in particular against measles, in accordance with the World Health Organization standards;

(d)To prevent and address adolescent pregnancies and ensure access to confidential counselling and contraception, without parental consent, in accordance with the child’s evolving capacities;

(e)To ensure access to comprehensive education on sexual reproductive health, regardless of parental consent, for all children, in particular Roma children, children with disabilities, children left behind by parents working abroad and children in rural and remote areas;

(f)To assess and address the full spectrum of children’s mental health issues, including the prevalence of suicide and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to ensure access to mental health support services, including at schools, even without parental consent;

(g)To address tobacco, alcohol and drug use by children, including binge drinking, and the root causes, strengthen awareness-raising and ensure access to substance-dependence treatment;

(h)To increase efforts to combat obesity and overweight, including by monitoring the implementation of the legislation banning the sale of unhealthy food in the vicinity of schools, expanding the hot-school-meal programme and promoting healthy nutrition;

(i)To promote exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of a child’s life;

(j)To safeguard environmental health and prevent environmental harm, and on how the State party takes into account the special vulnerabilities and needs of children in the preparation, implementation and evaluation of specific policies and programmes, including disaster-preparedness plans.

Standard of living

26.Please provide updated information on the measures taken to address the high rate of children suffering from multidimensional poverty, including by increasing social expenditure, strengthening the capacity of social protection, developing integrated social services and increasing their availability, and improving the identification and targeting of the most vulnerable families in particular families in rural areas, single-parent families, large families, Roma families, families with children with disabilities, and children left behind by parents working abroad, in the provision of benefits.

I.Education, leisure and cultural activities (arts. 28–31)

Education, including vocational training and guidance

27.Please provide information on the implementation of the legal framework on school desegregation (2016) and the measures taken:

(a)To strengthen access to quality education, including upper secondary education, for all children, including by improving teacher training, hiring support staff, expanding access to after-school and hot-school-meal programmes, ensuring school transport between rural and urban areas, eliminating hidden costs of education and regulating private tutoring;

(b)To reduce school dropout and repetition rates and increase completion of compulsory education and access to tertiary education, particularly among girls, children from economically disadvantaged families, Roma children, children with disabilities, children in rural and remote areas and children left behind by parents working abroad;

(c)To strengthen the quality of education and teaching, in particular in rural and economically disadvantaged communities, in the light of the low performance of students in the National Evaluation Exam and Programme for International Student Assessment tests, and to diversify school curricula, including by providing opportunities for volunteering, extracurricular activities and participation;

(d)To increase the capacity of, and access to, early childhood education and care services, especially in rural areas and for children from vulnerable families, including children with disabilities, Roma children, refugee and asylum-seeking children, including Ukrainian children, and children left behind by parents working abroad, and to regulate and monitor unregistered care services.

Rest, leisure, recreation and cultural and artistic activities

28.Please provide information about the measures taken to promote the availability and accessibility of child-friendly spaces for children to play and exercise.

J.Special protection measures (arts. 22, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37 (b)–(d) and 38–40)

Asylum-seeking and refugee children

29.Please inform the Committee on measures taken:

(a)To harmonize the provisions of Law No. 122/2006 on asylum and Law No. 272/2004 (as amended by Law No. 191/2022) on the protection and promotion of the rights of the child regarding the role and responsibilities of legal representatives (guardians) appointed for unaccompanied and separated children, who are meant to assist children in fully exerting their rights and obligations beyond asylum procedures;

(b)To adopt provisions setting out the appointment conditions, roles, duties and experience requirements for representatives of unaccompanied and separated children in the asylum procedure and under temporary protection;

(c)To eliminate the detention of asylum-seeking children and families with children, and to revise the Law on asylum, the Law on the status of aliens and relevant regulations accordingly;

(d)To establish a transparent age-determination procedure that takes into consideration the psychological characteristics and maturity of children;

(e)To develop mechanisms for the identification, referral and assistance of children with specific needs in the asylum-seeking process;

(f)To ensure that unaccompanied children, particularly children with disabilities and children from Ukrainian institutions accompanied by a member of staff of the institution as a legal guardian, are included in child protection and social assistance systems;

(g)To facilitate family reunification;

(h)To address barriers, including the lack of Romanian language classes, teacher and classroom capacity and infrastructure, that hinder access to education, and to strengthen data collection in this respect;

(i)To facilitate access to education for Ukrainian students under the Ukrainian curriculum and/or in their mother tongue.

Economic exploitation, including child labour

30.Please specify the measures taken to determine the scope of and to prevent and eradicate economic exploitation of children, including in the family environment, agriculture and construction, and forced begging.

Children in street situations

31.Please provide information on the number of children in street situations and the conditions in which they live, and the measures taken to prevent and address the phenomenon and to provide children with support and reintegration.

Sale, trafficking and abduction

32.Please provide information on:

(a)Investigations, prosecutions and sanctions in cases of trafficking in persons involving children, including those related to complicity, particularly in connection with childcare institutions;

(b)The measures taken to strengthen the identification and referral of child victims of trafficking – including trafficking through online recruitment – particularly among girls, Roma children, children in institutions, children with disabilities, and migrant and asylum-seeking children, including Ukrainian children;

(c)The rehabilitation and reintegration assistance and services provided to child victims of trafficking and the funding available to non-governmental organizations delivering such assistance;

(d)The efforts made to prevent trafficking in children, in particular children in vulnerable situations, and to address its root causes.

Administration of child justice

33.Please specify the measures taken:

(a)To establish a child justice system across the country and the resources allocated to that end;

(b)To ensure training on children’s rights and child-friendly justice for police officers, prosecutors and judges;

(c)To ensure access to and information about free legal aid for children in conflict with the law from the earliest stage of the procedure and throughout the legal proceedings;

(d)To use non-judicial measures, such as mediation and diversion, in cases of children accused of criminal offences; to apply non-custodial sanctions; and to strengthen community-based reintegration services and ensure that children are informed about them;

(e)To ensure that detention is used as a last resort and for the shortest possible period of time, that children are not detained together with adults and that detention conditions are compliant with international standards, including with regard to access to education, recreation and health care.

Children who are victims and witnesses of crimes

34.Please provide information about the measures taken:

(a)To ensure child-friendly procedures for children who are victims and witnesses of crimes, including with regard to interviewing, accessing protection services, recovery and reintegration;

(b)To address reports of victim intimidation;

(c)To ensure the implementation of the government emergency ordinance and action plan, adopted in 2021, aimed at improving the provision of assistance to vulnerable children and the investigation of various crimes against children; please also provide information on the results of that implementation.

III.Statistical information and data

35.The statistical information and disaggregated data provided by the State party should cover the period since the consideration of its previous report on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The data should be disaggregated by age, sex, ethnic origin, national origin, type of disability, geographical location and socioeconomic status, as well as by year or other relevant time frame.

36.The provision of tables presenting trends over the reporting period is recommended and explanations or comments on significant changes that have taken place over the reporting period should also be provided.

A.General measures of implementation (arts. 4, 42 and 44 (6))

37.Please provide information on the budget lines regarding children and social sectors, indicating the amount and the percentage of each budget line in terms of the total national budget.

B.Definition of the child (art.1)

38.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on:

(a)The number and proportion of children under 18 years of age living in the State party;

(b)The number of child marriages.

C.General principles (arts. 2, 3, 6 and 12)

39.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number of cases and prosecutions brought before the courts on non-discrimination, and the sanctions imposed on perpetrators.

40.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number of children who attempted suicide or who died by suicide.

D.Civil rights and freedoms (arts. 7, 8 and 13–17)

41.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number of stateless children.

E.Violence against children (arts. 19, 24 (3), 28 (2), 34, 37 (a) and 39)

42.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on:

(a)The number of cases of all forms of violence, including corporal punishment, bullying and cyberbullying, against children, including children with disabilities, children in the justice system and Roma and Ukrainian children, which were reported to the authorities, investigated and prosecuted, and the sanctions imposed on perpetrators, further disaggregated by type of offence;

(b)The number and type of protective measures provided for child victims of violence.

F.Family environment and alternative care (arts. 5, 9–11, 18 (1) and (2), 20, 21, 25 and 27 (4))

43.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number and proportion of families and children receiving economic and other type of support services.

44.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number of:

(a)Children left behind by a parent or parents working abroad;

(b)Children in State institutional care and the average number of days of stay;

(c)Children in private institutional care and average number of days of stay;

(d)Children in kinship care;

(e)Children in family- and community-based care;

(f)Ukrainian refugee children in institutional care;

(g)Ukrainian refugee children in family- and community-based care.

G.Children with disabilities (art. 23)

45.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, and by type of disability, on the number of:

(a)Children with disabilities;

(b)Ukrainian refugee children with disabilities;

(c)Children with disabilities living with their families and living in family- and community-based care;

(d)Ukrainian refugee children with disabilities living with their families and living in family- and community-based care;

(e)Children with disabilities in inclusive education and in separate schools;

(f)Ukrainian refugee children with disabilities in inclusive education and in separate schools;

(g)Reported cases of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, neglect, sexual violence and abuse and trafficking against children with disabilities placed in institutions, the number of investigations and prosecutions carried out and the number of sentences issued.

H.Basic health and welfare (arts. 6, 18 (3), 24, 26, 27 (1)–(3) and 33)

46.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number and proportion of children with health insurance. Please also provide data on the number of paediatric and mental health services and professionals specialized in young children and adolescents, disaggregated by region.

47.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number of:

(a)Adolescent pregnancies;

(b)Adolescent mothers;

(c)Malnourished and obese children;

(d)Children with drug, tobacco and alcohol abuse.

Please also provide information on the number of sexual and reproductive health services available to adolescents, disaggregated by region.

48.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number and proportion of children living under the poverty line and in extreme poverty.

I.Education, leisure and cultural activities (arts.28–31)

49.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, in respect of:

(a)The number and proportion of children aged between 16 and 18 years not attending school;

(b)The number of Ukrainian children attending public school in the Romanian language; following Ukrainian curricula; following Romanian curricula in the Ukrainian language in public schools; or attending private schools;

(c)The number and proportion of children dropping out of school;

(d)The number of children in segregated schools and in segregated classes in regular schools;

(e)The number and proportion of children attending early childhood education classes and the average number of years of attendance;

(f)The number of children in public and private, including religious, schools.

J.Special protection measures (arts. 22, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37 (b)–(d) and 38–40)

50.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, and further by country of origin and accompanied or unaccompanied status, on the number of:

(a)Asylum-seeking and refugee children;

(b)Ukrainian asylum-seeking children who travelled to Romania after the outbreak of the armed conflict in Ukraine in February 2022;

(c)Children in situations of migration;

(d)Asylum-seeking and refugee children and children in situations of migration detained, including in transit centres;

(e)Asylum-seeking and refugee children and children in situations of migration in foster care;

(f)Children expelled from the territory of the State party;

(g)Asylum-seeking and refugee children and children in situations of migration attending school and with access to health care.

51.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above and further by type of violation reported, on:

(a)The number of reported cases and the number of children involved in trafficking of persons;

(b)The number of such children who have been provided with access to rehabilitation programmes;

(c)The number and percentage of such cases that have resulted in sanctions, with information on the country of origin of the perpetrator and the nature of the penalties imposed.

52.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, and further by type of crime, on the number of:

(a)Children in detention facilities and the average stay, disaggregated by the type of detention, for example pretrial detention, such as in police cells, and prison detention;

(b)Children referred to diversion and non-custodial sentencing options.

K.Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

53.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number of:

(a)Reported cases of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;

(b)Such cases that have been investigated, prosecuted and sanctioned;

(c)Child victims of such crimes who have been provided with recovery assistance or compensation.

L.Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict

54.Please provide data, disaggregated as described in paragraph 35 above, on the number of:

(a)Asylum-seeking and refugee children entering the State party from areas where children may have been recruited or used in hostilities;

(b)Children who benefit from physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration measures.