Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

Information received from Bosnia and Herzegovina on follow-up to the concluding observations on its combined fourteenth and fifteenth periodic reports *

[Date received: 24 October 2025]

Follow-up information on the concluding observations (CERD/C/BIH/CO/14-15)

A.Information relating to paragraph 10 Electoral process and discrimination (implementation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights) and to paragraph 20 (b) Participation of national minorities in the electoral process

1.Bosnia and Herzegovina planned to adopt the Mid-Term Program for the Suppression of Discrimination and the Training Program for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 2026–30.

2.The Council of Ministers annually adopts a report on apparent forms of discrimination, which it forwards to the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

3.The new Rulebook on the method of collecting data on cases of discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted in 2023, which prescribes the content of the record sheet for data collection as well as the form of the annual report on statistical data in cases of discrimination.

4.The Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina also analyzed the compliance of regulations at all levels of government with the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination and the EU acquis.

5.The analysis revealed the existence of certain inconsistencies and as such can serve as a platform for further action of the institutional mechanism for gender equality for further harmonization. Out of 188 laws analyzed at the state and entity level, only 4 laws are harmonized with the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination. The analysis did not include the cantonal level.

6.The Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted the Guidelines for harmonization of regulations with the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination, which represents the principles that should guide all institutions when adopting regulations.

7.Bosnia and Herzegovina has not yet implemented the judgments of the Court for Human Rights in Starzbur, but has started the following activities.

8.Namely, at the 83rd session held on July 3, 2025, the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted the Revised Action Plan for the execution of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in the judgments Sejdić-Finci, Zornić Pilav, Pudarić v. Bosnia and Herzegovina.

9.The Ministry of Justice of Bosnia and Herzegovina is responsible for preparing and submitting to the Council of Ministers a proposal for a decision on the formation of a working group for the preparation of draft amendments to the Constitution and draft amendments to the Electoral Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of implementing the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.

10.The working group will consist of six members: three representatives of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, two representatives of the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one representative of the Government of Republika Srpska. The Ministry of Justice of Bosnia and Herzegovina is obliged to provide administrative and technical assistance to the working group, and will regularly inform the Office of the representative/agent of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina before the European Court of Human Rights about all the activities of the working group.

B.Information relating to paragraphs 22 (a) Right to education

11.Before the reasoning related to education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, we would like to remind you, as we have pointed out several times so far, that the mentioned area is in accordance with the constitutional decision within the jurisdiction of the entities or cantons.

12.Within the framework of the Joint Action of the European Union and the Council of Europe “Quality Education in Multi-Ethnic Societies”, the competent educational authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina have prepared a document entitled “Recommendations for action policies with a road map for the improvement of inclusive education in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, adopted by the old Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2020. The measures proposed in the aforementioned document highlight the need for quality education for all to be perceived as a public good and a basic social value in Bosnian society.

13.A complete mapping of the existing curricula and teaching practices in the subjects of history and geography was carried out in order to assess their connection with the Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (RFCDC) and the Common Core of Curriculum and Programs created by the Agency for Preschool, Primary and Secondary Education. The Joint Action Advisory Board adopted reports that provide recommendations aimed at modernizing and improving the history and geography curriculum while promoting a democratic school approach and a culture based on social coherence and diversity as an integral part of society.

14.A manual for teachers on studying Competencies for Democratic Culture online was developed with the aim of supporting the development of Competencies for Democratic Culture in almost 16,000 students and 500 teachers in 29 pilot schools through concrete ideas and examples of “good practice”.

15.From January 2023, the III phase of the Joint Action of the European Union and the Council of Europe “Quality Education for All” began, which will continue to deal with providing support for further effective implementation of the document.

16.The spread of the culture of human rights, gender equality, sexual education of children and young people in the formal and informal education system has been improved, and they have been integrated into the curricula and programs of informal education (extracurricular activity CIVITAS) in the area of the Posavina Canton. In secondary schools, the subject Politics and Economy, Democracy and Human Rights was introduced, which covers 17 teaching topics on democracy and human rights. The same topics are also integrated in elementary schools through the work programs of the teaching staff, especially the junior elders.

17.All children, including Roma children and children with disabilities, are integrated into the education system, with the elimination of all kinds of practices that can cause segregation or assimilation of minority groups into the education system.

18.A supportive environment for their growth and development is provided in the Posavina Canton according to the Law on Preschool Education, the Law on Primary Education and the Law on Secondary Education.

19.All laws in the field of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina guarantee every child the equal right of access, equal opportunities to participate in appropriate upbringing and education and the enjoyment of equal treatment without discrimination on any grounds, and no law contains discriminatory provisions.

20.Primary school education is free and provided to all children regardless of nationality or social status. Teaching assistants are provided in pre-school institutions, primary schools and secondary schools. There are 32 children with developmental disabilities in the Posavina Canton.

21.Progress is evident in the elementary school in Orašje, where children of Bosniak and Croat nationality have been attending classes with the provision of learning two mother tongues according to the students’ choice for many years.

22.The Development Strategy of Posavina Canton was adopted, in which measure 2.1.1 was defined. Infrastructural improvement of the educational environment for working with children and increasing the social inclusion of children with developmental disabilities up to the age of 21.

23.Free classes are provided for all students of primary and secondary education, and the working conditions of schools and students of returnees and displaced persons are fully equalized.

24.In Tuzla Canton, in addition to hiring teaching assistants for elementary school students of Roma nationality, transportation is also provided for students who travel 2 km or more from home to school at the full amount. Elementary school students are also provided with free textbooks. In order to prevent the assimilation of the Roma national minority, the Curriculum for the Roma language was adopted with elements of national culture as an optional subject.

25.On the occasion of World Roma Day, outstanding students of primary and secondary schools of Roma nationality are promoted, to whom the Government of Tuzla Canton awards one-time scholarships. Returnee students are given the same access to education as non‑returnee students.

26.In the Tuzla Canton, human rights are studied as part of teaching subjects in primary and secondary schools. All students have health insurance. In the school, students who are members of a constituent nation are provided with lessons in their native language.

27.In the Bosnian-Pdrinje Canton of Goražde, the Law on Preschool Education, the Law on Primary Education and the Law on Secondary Education stipulate that the language and culture of every minority living in the Canton are fully respected.

28.The Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Srpska (MiPK RS) advocates for the implementation of inclusive education and upbringing and the promotion of equal rights and opportunities. Teaching assistants are engaged in preschool education. Educational institutions have the responsibility to contribute to the creation of a culture that respects the human rights and freedoms of all citizens in the environment in which they operate.

29.JU Public Fund for Child Protection of the Republic of Srpska co-finances the stay of children without parental care and children with developmental disabilities who have the findings and opinion of an expert committee in preschool institutions.

30.In this regard, 475 assistants were hired to provide support to children in primary schools.

31.In the Republic of Srpska, equal access to education is guaranteed without discrimination on any basis. In cooperation with the non-governmental sector, projects are implemented with the aim of keeping Roma children in the education system. Efforts are being made to implement activities to provide free textbooks, finance transportation, cooperation with the local community, and work systematically to solve the problem of schooling of children belonging to the Roma national minority, because the problem of school attendance is still evident.

32.According to the data related to irregular attendance and dropping out of school, the percentage of students who leave the teaching process is below the European level.

33.Data analysis has established that the largest number of students who drop out of the educational process are Roma children.

34.The language and culture of national minorities are studied as part of optional classes in accordance with the Framework Convention on the Protection of the Rights of National Minorities. For students belonging to national minorities who do not use languages in official use in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the school, with the prior consent of the Ministry of Education and Culture, is obliged to hire a support person with the necessary language competence of a member of a national minority.

35.In the Republika Srpska and the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is no segregation in education known as the “two schools under one roof” phenomenon, while in Herzegovina-Neretva and Central Bosnia this phenomenon is still present.

36.In the Republic of Srpska, a new Ordinance on the curriculum was adopted, which is in effect from 2023/24. school year, programs for primary and secondary school education were created with learning outcomes focused on all areas of personality, the curriculum and program for working with students in the departmental community in primary schools was improved. With the support of the UN Population Fund for Bosnia and Herzegovina, the integration program of comprehensive education on youth health was started through activities within the “Healthy Lifestyles” program.

37.On the basis of the Program of Measures for Strengthening Security and Preventing Violence in Primary and Secondary Schools and Student Dormitories, subjects from the subject Humanity and Security have been included in the curriculum.

38.The goal of this class is for students to master the skills of empathy, tolerance, assertive communication, emotion management, teamwork, relationship building, social responsibility, critical thinking and functional knowledge, which contributes to the acquisition of knowledge about human rights in general. In 2024, the “Yes, that’s me” project was implemented, which raised public awareness about the importance of early learning and the inclusion of Roma children in preschools and elementary schools, with an emphasis on municipalities where members of the Roma national minority live.

39.A manual for working with children from sensitive categories was created, and media campaigns were organized as an incentive to develop awareness of the need for education of Roma children in society.

40.In cooperation with the non-governmental organization “Otaharin” of Bijeljina, the Ministry applied for the public call of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the allocation of grant funds for Roma education.

41.An inclusive form of education is implemented in the Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Rulebook on recognition, prevention and protection against discrimination in primary and secondary schools was adopted, the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian languages, and the Latin and Cyrillic alphabet are used equally throughout all curricular and extracurricular activities. Through the course program Democracy and Human Rights, students are educated about the importance of human rights in democratic societies. With the aim of improving inclusive education, in December 2022, amendments to the Law on Education in Primary and Secondary Schools of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina were adopted. which prescribes the method of engaging assistants in educational work with the aim of improving the conditions and quality of education of students with special needs.

42.At the very end, we remind you that the ECRI commission of the Council of Europe visited Bosnia and Herzegovina in May 2023, and during the aforementioned visit to the states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, submitted a report in which discrimination in education in the Republic of Srpska related to the use of the Bosnian language and segregation in education in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was recognized as the phenomenon of “two schools under one roof”.

C.Information relating to paragraph 26 Sustainable return

43.Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the lower levels of government, is determined to ensure equal access to rights from Annex VII of the Dayton Peace Agreement to all refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina, displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and returnees.

44.The needs on the ground for infrastructure renovation remain high, and the allocated financial resources are insufficient because donors’ interest in such projects is weakening, while local authorities justify themselves with a lack of funds. The road and water supply network in rural returnee areas still does not receive enough attention from the authorities, which indirectly makes return difficult and/or forces returnees to look for other places to live because they do not have basic conditions in their pre-war place of residence.

45.The lack of electricity is not only a violation of the basic human right to energy as a public good, but after the “roof over the head” insurance, it is the second limiting factor of the planned return, and in the long term, it is also the key condition for a sustainable return. Interest in returning grows significantly in areas where the electricity network has been reconstructed / built.

46.Displaced persons continue to retain their status in the place of displacement due to the realization of rights from the employment relationship, rights from the law on social protection and health care, rights to education and other rights that displaced persons realize in the places of displacement, and cannot realize the same in the places of return.

47.Additional efforts should also be made in the education segment, so that the right to education of children in Bosnia and Herzegovina is in accordance with European standards – the European Convention on Human Rights as well as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

48.In the field of work and employment, equal access to the labor market in Bosnia and Herzegovina is still not ensured for returnees, displaced persons and refugees. The decision of the Constitutional Court on the constitutionality of the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina through the employment of returnees in government bodies, institutions, administrations and public enterprises in which the state is the majority owner with the aim of achieving the principles in accordance with the household census from 1991, needs to be consistently implemented, and more efforts must be made, including the adoption and application of the necessary implementing regulations in order to apply and ensure the constitutional and legal provisions regarding access to employment without discrimination.

49.Complete freedom of movement, as well as personal and property security, are among the most important prerequisites for a permanent solution to the refugee-displacement issue in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this regard, the priority task and responsibility of the state, entities, cantons and local communities is to enable all refugees, displaced persons and returnees to enjoy physical security and access to their basic civil and human rights and freedoms without any discrimination or risk of injury.

50.At the beginning of 2024, the House of Representatives of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina requested a proposal for measures for the protection and safety of returnees from all competent authorities in BiH.

51.In accordance with the recommendations from the Revised Strategy for the Implementation of Annex VII of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina has proposed certain measures for prevention and a greater degree of security for the returnee population:

52.One of these measures is to ensure that the Entity Ministries of Internal Affairs, as well as the security services of the Brčko District, provide the Ministry of Security of BiH and the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of BiH with information about attacks on returnees and their property, the consequences that occurred and the measures taken against the perpetrators of these acts, in order to be able to provide an objective analysis of the situation in the area in question and, in this regard, propose measures to eliminate all forms of endangerment and discrimination against the returnee population.

53.Then start an initiative to ensure that the personnel representation and national balance of employees in police structures is represented in accordance with the decision of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the constitution of the people, which would avoid discrimination in the employment of returnees in relation to the domicile population, and which would certainly improve the situation in the field of security.

54.It is also necessary to prosecute persons who are reasonably suspected of having committed war crimes because a number of them live in the areas where the crimes were committed, and members of the so-called have returned or want to return to those areas. “minority” peoples. The absence of a policy and strategy that would deal with accusations of crimes committed in these areas is felt, so that such an environment does not contribute to the sustainability of return nor does it help overcome fear among returnees.

55.Arresting and prosecuting all war crimes suspects is important for sustainable return. As well as the implementation of the State Strategy for working on war crimes cases.

56.It is necessary to intensify the activities of members of the police in the entire territory of BiH so that, within the framework of the implementation of their regular and planned activities, they pay special attention to the returnee population through regular visits to patrol sectors and theatre areas, which will contribute to restoring trust in the police. It is necessary to persist in consistently conducting investigative actions and prosecuting suspects for committed misdemeanours and criminal acts directed at returnees. Preventive-operational work and more frequent presence of police officers in the field would contribute to the re‑establishment of operational communication with returnees, which would significantly improve the overall security situation.

57.Incidents to the detriment of displaced persons and returnees in Bosnia and Herzegovina are recorded by the OSCE Mission in accordance with its mandate in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to their records, about a hundred such incidents are recorded annually, which, in the opinion of the OSCE, are not treated adequately by the competent institutions.

58.After the adoption of amendments to the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina on denial of genocide and glorification of war criminals in 2021, not a single incident reported to the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2022 received a judicial epilogue. The Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina made decisions on not conducting or suspending the investigation.

59.The Ministry does not keep records on attacks on returnees, considering that it does not have the legal authority to act in cases of attacks on returnees, nor does it have the ability to oblige police agencies to provide us with data on attacks on returnees.

60.Current legal and by-laws stipulate that the competent entity ministries of internal affairs keep records of committed criminal acts and misdemeanours uniformly for all citizens of BiH, so that specific indicators for returnees and their property are not available.

61.The priority task and responsibility of the state, entities, cantons and local communities is to enable all refugees, displaced persons and returnees to enjoy physical security and access to their basic civil and human rights and freedoms without any discrimination or risk of injury.

62.In order to improve the level of protection of refugees, the following activities were undertaken:

63.In September 2025, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federal Employment Agency and the Sarajevo Canton Employment Service, with the support of UNHCR and CRS.

64.This document establishes an institutional framework for providing support in the employment of refugees and persons with subsidiary protection, in order to enable them easier access to public employment programs and ensure long-term integration into society.

65.Refugees in Bosnia and Herzegovina should have an equal chance for dignified work and life. Their integration should not be a formality, but a concrete opportunity to become equal members of Bosnian and Herzegovina’s society. By signing the Memorandum, a clear message was sent that Bosnia and Herzegovina stands behind the values of solidarity, humanity and respect for human dignity. Only through employment and inclusion in society do we create the foundations of true integration and a shared future.

66.From 2019 to the end of 2025, 51 refugees in Bosnia and Herzegovina acquired citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

67.As part of the project with the UNHCR, the Ministry of Human Rights hired additional persons to work on individual cases, as well as to be present in the field, which ensures direct contact with refugees and persons in the status of subsidiary protection. The brochure is available in eight world languages and is published on the official website of the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

68.Currently, according to available data, there are 45 people in Bosnia and Herzegovina with refugee status and 208 people with subsidiary protection status.

D.Information relating to paragraph 32 (d)Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers

69.When it comes to the question of migration, in 2023, amendments to the Law on Foreigners were adopted, which is harmonized with two regulations and two directives of the European Union, and on the basis of these by-laws are being drafted. The Migration and Asylum Strategy for the period 2022–25 was adopted, which foresees measures and activities to improve the system of comprehensive management of migration and asylum.

70.Also, the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted the Rulebook on standards of functioning and other issues relevant to the work of the center for the reception and accommodation of asylum seekers. There are currently four centers for the reception of migrants with a total capacity of 4,600 places, two of which are intended exclusively for the accommodation of vulnerable categories of migrants such as families, women with children.

71.Bosnia and Herzegovina has ensured humane and legal accommodation conditions for migrants. In order to ensure humane conditions, UN agencies, international organizations and competent institutions that monitor and coordinate the process were involved.

72.Article 123 of the Law on Foreigners prescribes the protection of the rights of minors and other foreigners, and the obligation of competent authorities to treat minor foreigners with special care and respect, and to apply the principles prescribed in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and regulations in Bosnia and Herzegovina relating to the care of minors and their protection.

73.Unaccompanied minors are kept in the immigration center exceptionally, only as a last measure and for the shortest possible time.

74.Unaccompanied minor migrants are accommodated in one of the temporary reception centers for the accommodation of vulnerable categories, one of which is located in the Una‑Sana Canton, and the other in the Sarajevo Canton, where all humane conditions for the accommodation of this category of migrants are provided.

75.For unaccompanied minor migrants, the competent guardianship body (Center for Social Work) appoints a temporary guardian who takes care of all rights, including educational and health services.

E.Information relating to paragraph 38 Transitional justice

76.The issue of transitional justice is the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

77.Regarding the measures taken with the aim of implementing the recommendations given by international bodies, which relate to the processing of war crimes cases and ensuring the rights of torture victims, it is important to point out that the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted the Revised State Strategy for work on war crimes cases.

78.The aforementioned strategy contains a number of measures that need to be implemented within the framework of nine strategic goals, including strategic goal VIII, which reads: “Continue to ensure and improve the protection and equal treatment of all victims and witnesses in proceedings before the courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina.”

79.The legal framework regulating the matter of witness protection and prescribing the procedure for determining and implementing protection measures in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been established. The Law on the Protection of Threatened Witnesses and Endangered Witnesses was adopted at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the entities and the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The law on the witness protection program in Bosnia and Herzegovina was also adopted.

80.Also, a number of conventions and other international instruments oblige Bosnia and Herzegovina to ensure effective protection of witnesses from various forms of intimidation, i.e. threats to physical integrity, life and health, as well as to provide all measures of support and protection to family members of witnesses and persons close to them. In war crimes proceedings, the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the courts in the entities and Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina determine protection measures for witnesses in accordance with the aforementioned laws, which are carried out during the duration of the criminal proceedings. Within the framework of the work of entity bodies, the rights established by the regulations relating to the compensation of civilian victims of war, including victims of wartime sexual violence, are continuously protected and exercised. Thus, within the framework of entity laws on the basics of social protection, protection of civilian victims of war and protection of families with children, provisions are provided, which ensure the right to monetary compensation that is paid continuously for each month.

81.Also, through the application of the Law on Free Legal Aid at all levels of government in Bosnia and Herzegovina, war victims are provided with legal assistance in exercising their rights. It is an established practice that victims of wartime sexual violence are provided with full protection during criminal proceedings before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as before district and cantonal courts, and compensation is also awarded in connection with property claims for compensation for damages caused by the commission of a criminal act.

82.At the 7th session of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, held on March 30, 2023, the Decision on the formation of the Supervisory Board for monitoring the implementation of the Revised State Strategy for work on war crimes cases was adopted.

83.The Supervisory Board has the obligation to, on a quarterly basis, report to the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina on its work, the implementation of measures from the Revised State Strategy for work on war crimes cases, and propose measures with the aim of improving the degree of realization of individual strategic goals and measures determined by the Revised State Strategy.

84.In this connection, in the form of conclusions, the Supervisory Board recommended to the courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina to take all objectively possible measures aimed at establishing consistent standards of conducting court proceedings in continuity, while simultaneously strengthening procedural discipline and speeding up the dynamics of trials.

85.Also, given the complexity of the war crimes cases pending before the courts and prosecutor’s offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Supervisory Board recommended consistent adherence to the legal framework of the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the mentoring of judges and prosecutors, i.e. paying due attention to specialized professional training that will enable better processing of war crimes cases. It is important to note that at the beginning of the implementation of the strategy, the prosecutor’s offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina recorded over 1,700 unsolved cases of war crimes against more than 9,000 persons, most of which were resolved in the past period.

86.As we previously informed in 2010, by the decision of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an expert public group was appointed for the development of the Strategy of Transitional Justice in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Action Plan, which had 15 members (representatives of institutions from different levels of government and civil society). A draft of the Strategy of Transitional Justice was prepared, which had to be updated in 2017 at the request of the EU, in accordance with the Framework Policy on Transitional Justice. In 2019, the Ministry of Justice of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in cooperation with the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina, prepared and submitted the final draft of the Transitional Justice Strategy to the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina reached a conclusion on the need to harmonize the Strategy with all relevant levels of government.

87.In 2024–25, the UN Fund for Peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina held two meetings with the aim of initiating activities on dealing with the past and adopting the Transitional Justice Strategy.

88.In this regard, within the framework of IPA III thematic window 1 entitled “Rule of law, basic rights and democracy”, the European Union, as a continuation of its support for the project “We can do better”, created a project proposal “Building trust and reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina” which contributes to the realization of key priority 5 with the start of implementation upon approval and adoption in 2026.

89.The project proposal envisages solving the issue of reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina through a multiple approach. Focusing on inclusive dialogue, strong institutional frameworks and community engagement in order to build reconciliation.