*2007年2月28日任期届满。

**2009年2月28日任期届满。

附件二

一般性讨论日

发言、参与和决定――儿童的陈述意见权

纲要

1.儿童权利委员会2006年9月15日举行的第四十三届会议将把它一年一度的一般性讨论日用于讨论“发言、参与和决定――儿童的陈述意见权”的问题。委员会第四十届会议(2005年9月12日至30日)根据暂行议事规则第75条决定讨论这一专题。

2.一般性讨论日的目的是加深人们对讨论日所涉《公约》某个条款或专题的内容和意义的认识。讨论后，委员会对讨论中提出的问题加以考虑，然后通过有关建议。应邀参加讨论日活动的有各国政府、联合国人权机制、联合国各机关和专门机构、非政府组织、国家人权机构的代表以及作为个人参加的儿童和专家。

一般性讨论日的方式和目标

3.在审议缔约国执行《儿童权利公约》情况的报告时，委员会一贯强调儿童对影响到其本人的一切事项陈述自己意见的重要性，对儿童的意见应按照其年龄和成熟程度给予应有的重视。委员会已将这项权利确定为《公约》四大原则之一。这意味着第12条的执行不仅是自成一体的一项儿童权利，而且也是《公约》其他条款执行工作的有机组成部分。

4.因此，一般性讨论日的目的是：

探讨第12条的意义；该条与其他条款(尤其是第3、6、9、10、11、13、15、16、19、20、22、30和31条)之间的关联；以及该条对儿童作为个人和作为集体的一份子参与社会各方面活动的意义；

集中探讨确定存在的差距、某些良好做法和须予优先解决的问题，以符合《公约》的方式促进儿童进一步享有陈述意见的权利并使这种意见得到考虑；

在家庭、学校、社区、广大社会的各个层次上以及处于紧急情况、冲突和冲突后的情况下扩大儿童的参与和机会。

5.为了便于深入讨论这些问题，委员会决定召集两个工作组开会，集中探讨下述两个分议题。

工作组1：儿童在司法和行政诉讼中陈述意见的权利

6.这个工作组将着重讨论第12条规定的儿童个人在任何影响到自己的司法或行政诉讼中陈述意见的权利。这种诉讼可能涉及民法和刑法、家庭照料和替代性照料、保护、医疗卫生、移民身份和学校教育等。工作组尤其会澄清这种权利目前是如何落实的，落实过程中的主要障碍何在，以及是否需要制订具体相关的标准等问题。工作组还将讨论下述某些问题：

必须建立何种机制和采取何种实际措施，才能使儿童有机会以合适而可靠的方式陈述意见？需要哪种培训和为谁进行培训？

在司法或行政诉讼中陈述意见的权利在何种程度上包含获告判决和判决执行的权利？儿童能否放弃陈述意见的权利？

谁决定什么时候启动保障儿童陈述意见权的机制？这些机制应如何对儿童的意见“按照其年龄和成熟程度给予适当的看待”？根据什么？

在法律程序中是否需要为确保儿童有权作为证人陈述意见而制订专门的程序和法律条文？若然，应考虑采取何种措施？在这方面，民事诉讼程序和刑事诉讼程序是否有差别？若然，差别何在？

在司法和行政诉讼中行使陈述意见权是否应制订最低标准？这种标准如何能够在紧急情况、冲突和冲突后的情况下适用？

工作组2：儿童作为社会活动的积极参与者

7.这个工作组将讨论儿童在家庭、学校、社团、政治等各种环境中发表意见的权利，以及在这些环境中成为决策过程的积极参与者。在这方面，《公约》第13条和15条尤其具有现实意义。工作组将会从儿童作为个人和作为特定群体的一份子的角度探讨这个问题。工作组还将努力明确与儿童参与社会事务这更为广泛的问题有关的当前情况、儿童积极参与的主要障碍和取得进展的途径。增进儿童发表意见权的社会运动的影响将在考虑之列。需要讨论的问题包括：

儿童如何作为社会活动的积极参与者(具体例子)以及他们对这种参与的看法如何？

如何以及何时可将儿童的直接参与从征求意见发展为积极的伙伴关系，并动员儿童成为行动或项目的发起人？

能够创立何种机制以促进儿童在学校、社团和社区环境中的参与？

如何评估儿童参与的有效性？

如何创建有利于儿童参与的扶持性环境？

儿童和青年领导的团体和组织应否给予法律地位或在法律上予以承认？

未满18岁的儿童应否全面参与政治事务？

儿童作为一般性讨论日的积极参与者

8.建议凡有可能均应让儿童和儿童组织/联络网作为一般性讨论日的参与者参加讨论。

参加一般性讨论日

9.一般性讨论日是公开性年度会议，欢迎各国政府代表、联合国各机关和专门机构、国家人权机构、包括青年团体在内的非政府组织的代表以及专家个人参加。会议将在委员会第四十三届会议期间于2006年9月15日星期五在联合国人权事务高级专员办事处(日内瓦威尔逊宫)举行。

10.一般性讨论日的形式是为了方便与会者进行坦率和公开的对话。但由于时间限制，委员会请与会者避免在讨论日作正式发言。委员会欢迎在上述框架内就上述问题和专题提供书面发言。委员会特别有兴趣收到有关材料(包括来自儿童的材料)，介绍在两个工作组内儿童参与的主要困难、良好做法、需要采取行动的领域和行动方式。

11.书面材料应以电子方式于2006年6月30日前寄至：

CRCgeneraldiscussion@ohchr.org

Secretariat，Committee on the Rights of the Child

Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights，UNOG-OHCHR

CH-1211 Geneva 10

Switzerland

预期结果

12.儿童权利委员会将根据主题发言内容和两个工作组的讨论情况通过建议。预期一般性讨论日及随后作出的建议将确定有待进一步研究探讨的具体问题和主要关切，并为正由委员会会同儿童基金会拟订的关于《公约》第12条的一般性意见的起草进程提供投入。

欲了解详情？

13.欲了解如何提交材料和报名参加的详情，请参看刊登在委员会网页上的有关指南：http：//www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/discussion.htm。

Annex III

REPRESENTATIVES OF STATES PARTIES ， ORGANIZATIONS AND BODIES REGISTERED FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE DAY OF GENERAL DISCUSSION

“To speak ， participate and decide - the child’s right to be heard”

Representatives of States parties to the Convention

United Nations bodies and agencies and other intergovernmental organizations

Council of EuropeDirection du développement et de la coopération，Economic Community of West African States - COWAS，Flemish Ministry for Culture，Youth，Sport and MediaForeign Affairs and International Trade，Canada

Ombudsmen and Commissioners for Children

Northern Ireland Commissioner for Children and Young People，Norwegian Ombudsman for Children，Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights Council of Europe

Non-governmental organizations ， other organizations ， institutions ， academia and individuals

Alliance Internationale des Femmes，Aparajeyo-Bangladesh，Article 12 in Scotland， Asamblea permanente por los Derechos Humanos，Associazione Camina，Barnardos Disabled Children & Young Persons Participation Project，Bernard van Leer Foundation， Canadian International Development Agency/Children’s Rights and Protection Unit，Catholic University of Leuven IAP interdisciplinary and interuniversity network on children’s rights，CDIA， Central Union for Child Welfare，Centre for Judeo/Christian Law and Ethics，Centre for the Rights of the Child - Ghent University，Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement and Brock University，Child Helpline International，Child Rights information Network (CRIN)， Child rights Ombudsman institution of the Republic of Lithuania，Children of salvation Ministry， Children’s Law Centre，Children’s Law Centre/Save the Children，Children’s Rights Alliance for England，Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse au Québec， Consulta Circoscrizionale dei Ragazzi del Medio Ponente，Coordination des ONG pour les droits de l’enfant (CODE)，Defence for children International section the Netherlands， Depart. of Public and International Law，Deutsche Liga für das Kind，ECPAT International， ECPAT International Child and Youth Advisory Committee，Enfant Droit，Eurochild AISBL - Children in Wales，European Network of Masters on Children’s Rights (in coop. with ProNats，ItaliaNats)，Faculty of Law，Federation for the Protection of Children’s Human Rights，Foster Parents Plan， General Research Institute of the Convention on the Rights of the Child，Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children，Gruppo di Lavoro per la Convenzione sui diritti dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza，Human Rights Centre of Ghent University，IAP Children’s Rights Network，IFEJANT，In Defence of the Child C/O ： Committee for Legal Aid to Poor (CLAP)，India Alliance for Child Rights (National Coalition for CRC Review and Reporting)，International Federation of Social Workers，International Foster Care Organization，International Foster Care Organization (IFCO) Quality4Children Project (Q4C)，International Movement ATD Fourth World/Taipori International，International Service for Human Rights，International Social Service/International Reference Centre for the Rights of Children Deprived of their Family，ITALIANATs Association，Jamaica Coalition on the rights of the child，Karlstad University，Kinderrechtcoalitie，Knowing Children，La Familia Latina Unida，Lawstudent，Lus Primi Viri International Association IPV，MIIDAN Educational Trust - Plan International，Municipality of Genoa，National Coalition for the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in Germany，NGO Group，Norwegian Centre for Child Research，Norwegian Youth Council， Office des Ecoles en Santé - Student in the Executive Masters in Children’s Rights，Paediatrician，Pestalozzi Children’s Foundation，PhD Candidate researching Article 12, PIDIDA，Plan International，Plan International El Salvador，Plan International Ghana，Plan International India，Plan International Kenya，Plan International Norway，Plan International Regional Office for Asia，Plan International Senegal，Plan International Sweden，Plan International Zimbabwe，PLATAFORMA NACIONAL，Play-a-part，PRESS-Save the children Youth Norway，Public Health Agency of Canada，Quality4Children，Red Nacional de Ninos，Save the children， Save the Children Denmark，Save the Children UK，Save the Children Norway，Save the Children Sweden，Save the Children Sweden in East Asia and Southeast Asia and Pacific Region，Save the Children Wales - UK，Save the Children Youth Denmark，SOS-Kinderdorf International，Sozialdepartement Stadt Zurich， State Child Rights Protection and adoption service Ministry of Social Security and Labour， Street Law Inc.，Student，Student，UNICEF，Université Catholique de Louvain，World Vision，World Vision Canada，World Vision Regional Office for the Latin America and Caribbean Region，Youth for Human Rights International.

Annex IV

L IST OF SUBMISSIONS TO THE DAY OF GENERAL DISCUSSION

“To speak ， participate and decide - the child’s right to be heard”

Children’s Submissions

(1)Iraqi Children’s Art Exchange Project (Iraq)

Art gives children a voice

(2)Emily Middleton (UK)

Youth participation in the UK- bureaucratic disaster or triumph of child rights ？

(3)Children’s Rights Alliance for England

Written submission from CRAE Young People’s Panel

(4)Peaceways - Young General Assembly Secretariat

Statement from the Young General Assembly

NGO submissions

(1)Vzw Ondersteuningsstructuur Bijzondere Jeugdzorg (Belgium)

Development of a self-reflective instrument for youth care workers focused on participation ( Summary )

(2)Dr. Ruben D. Efron，Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos (Argentina)

Niños / as y Jovenes como protagonistas en los procesos de cambio. Effectos en la subjectividad

(3)Saskatchewan Children’s Advocate Office (Canada)

Saskatchewan Children’s Right to Participate and be Heard in Child Welfare Proceedings

(4)Lebanese Association of SOS Children’s Villages (Lebanon)

Listening to the Views of Children ： the Alternative Care context

(5)Perhaps ... Kids Meeting Kids

Contribution to the 2006 Day of General Discussion

(6)Kinderrechtencoalitie Vlaanderen (Belgium)

Group 1 ： Hearing Children in the Belgian Law - Group 2 ： Participation on Community Level

(7)Article 12 in Scotland (UK/Scotland)

Children and Young People as Active Participants in Society

(8)Central Union for Child Welfare (Finland)

Children Have the Right to Quality Media

(9)World Vision International

- Submission to the Committee on the Rights of the Child’s Day of General Discussion - Propuesta de Visión Mundial Internacional al Comité de los Der echos del Niño para el Día de Debate General

(10)HAQ Centre for Child Rights (India)

Children’s Right to be Heard in Judicial Processes

(11)Disabled Children and Young Peoples Participation Project

UNCRC Day of General Discussion

(12)Defence for Children International (Netherlands)

The right of participation in immigration law ， the Dutch experience

(13)Don’t Just Tick the Box！

Contribution to the 2006 Day of General Discussion

(14)Flemish Child Friendly Cities Network (Belgium)

Children and Local Elections

(15)IAP Research Network (Belgium)

Group 1 ： Some difficulties arising from CRC Article 12 - Group 2 ： Methods of Implementing Participation Rights of Children

(16)Northern Ireland Commissioner for Children and Young People (UK/Northern Ireland)

Submission to the 2006 Day of General Discussion

(17)Plan (Togo)

Contribution des enfants au développement communautaire ： Cas des zones d’Intervention de l’ONG Plan Togo

(18)National Coalition for the Implementation of the UNCRC in Germany (Germany)

The Participation of Children and Young People in National and International Conferences and Meetings

(19)Child Helpline International

Children’s Participation at Children’s Helplines Around the World

(20)Quality 4 Children Project

Involvement of young people in the Quality for Children project

(21)Canadian Child Care Federation (Canada)

To Speak ， Participate and Decide - the Child’s Rights to be Heard

(22)Asamblea Permanente Por los Derechos Humanos，Comisión de Niñez， Adolescencia y Familia

Escuchar a niños ， niñas y adolescentes ； un proceso que se construye

(23)PRESS - Save the Children Youth Norway (Norway)

Contribution to the Day of General Discussion 2006 - Brochure PRESS

(24)Child Watch

Understanding and contextualising children’s real participation

(25)Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement，Brock University (Canada)

Why am I told to act like an adult and then treated like a child ？： Children’s participation rights in Canada - Recommendations

(26)Ius Primi Viri and Centre for Human Evolution Studies

To Educate Human Dignity during Childhood - English / Español / Français

(27)Equality Commission for Northern Ireland

Response to the UNCRC Day of General Discussion on the Child’s Right to be Heard

(28)Save the Children - Wales programme

Children as Active Participants in Welsh Society

(29)ECPAT - International Secretariat

Reports on the Laws and Legal Procedures Concerning the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Indonesia ， Bangladesh ， Nepal and India

(30)Cecodap (Venezuela)

Participacion politica de niñas ， niños y adolescentes

(31)Committee for Legal Aid to the Poor (India)

Rights of Children to be Heard

(32)Save the Children Youth Denmark

Case studies from Save the Children Youth Denmark

(33)International Foster Care Organization

Submission for the 2006 Day of General Discussion

(34)ISEGORIA (Argentina)

Dia de Debate General ： Documento de trabajo

(35)Cecodap (Venezuela)

El derecho a ser escuchado es el derecho a ser reconocido

(36)PRONATs and ITALIANATs (Europe)

Statement on Child Participation for the UNCRC Day of General Discussion

(37)Plan International - HQ

Children and the media ： Recommendations for the 2006 Day of General Discussion - Recommendations ( summary )

(38)Pidida - Italian Coalition on the Rights of the Child and the Adolescent (Italy)

Contribution to the Day of General Discussion 2006 - Working Group 2

(39)Children’s Law Centre and Save the Children (Northern Ireland) - Paper submitted to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Chil d for its 2006 Day of General Discussion - Second paper

(40)Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Ireland)

Children as active participants in society

(41)UNICEF (Belgium)

What Do You Think ？ Children reporting on children’s rights

(42)Creative Exchange

A new model for children and young people’s participation

(43)Group of NGOs in Latin America

Recomendaciones al Comité de los derechos del niño sobre el derecho de los niños a ser escuchados

(44)India Alliance for Child Rights (India)

India’s children express their vision of a nation fit for them

(45)Tapori International

Children as Actors in the Fight against Poverty and Exclusion - English / Français

(46)Children’s Rights International (Ghana)

What is the Language of Judiciary in Children’s Rights ？

(47)Save the Children Sweden - Regional Programme for Latin America and the Caribbean

Recomendaciones al comité de los derechos del niño sobre el derecho de los niños a ser escuchados

(48)International Bureau for Children’s Rights

The UN Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and the Right to Be Heard

(49)UNICEF Malaysia

- Implementation of article 12 in the juvenile justice system in Malaysia - Child participation ： the Malaysia experience

(50)First Nations Child and Family Caring Society

Speak ， Participate and Decide ： The Child’s Right to be Heard

(51)Justice for Children and Youth (Canada)

Children’s Right to be Heard in Canadian Judicial and Administrative Proceedings

(52)PRIAS

Pianificazione delle politiche cittadine e delle azioni per e con l’infanzia e l’adolescenza

Individual submissions

(1)Priscilla Alderson (UK)

Babies’ Rights to be Heard

(2)Prof. Dr. Mechthild Wolff and Sabine Hartig (Germany)

Participation of Children and Youth in Residential Care

(3)Ellen Murray (Canada)

Fostering Participation of Children in School Settings

(4)Ed O’Brien (US)

The Importance of Student Voice ： An Examination of Student Decision-Making in the US

(5)Derek Sheppard

Contribution to the 2006 Day of General Discussion

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