Committee on the Elimination of

Discrimination against Women

Fifty-fourth session

11 February – 1 March 2013

List of issues and questions with regard to the consideration of periodic reports: Greece

Addendum

Replies of Greece to the list of issues to be taken up in connection with the consideration of its seventh periodic report*

General

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 1 of the list of issues (CEDAW/C/GRC/Q/7)

1.Statistical data on education is set out below:

Primary school Pupils by sex (at the beginning of the school year)
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
Total 2009/2010	633.406	325.725	307.681	51,4	48,6
Total 2011/2012	633.590	325.817	307.773	51,4	48,6
Change of number of pupils 2009 - 2011 by sex
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
	184	92	92	0,03	0,03
Pupils of (lower/compulsory) Secondary education by sex (at the beginning of the school year)
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
Total 2009/2010	335.602	175.082	160.520	52,2	47,8
Total 2011/2012	324.436	168.940	155.496	52,1	47,9
Change of number of pupils 2009 - 2011 by sex
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
	-11.166	-6.142	-5.024	-3,5	-3,1
Pupils of Upper Secondary education by sex (beginning of school year)
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
Total 2009/2010	248.927	116.363	132.564	46,7	53,3
Total 2011/2012	248.923	117.267	131.656	47,1	52,9
Change of number of pupils 2009 - 2011 by sex
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
	-4	904	-908	0,8	-0,7
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Primary and Secondary Education Statistics
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate
Primary school Pupils by sex (at the beginning of the school year 2011/2012)
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
GRADE A	108.799	56.073	52.726	51,5	48,5
GRADE B	106.249	54.656	51.593	51,4	48,6
GRADE C	104.595	53.787	50.808	51,4	48,6
GRADE D	104.759	53.494	51.265	51,1	48,9
GRADE E	103.882	53.805	50.077	51,8	48,2
GRADE F	105.306	54.002	51.304	51,3	48,7
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Primary and Secondary Education Statistics
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate
Repatriated and foreign pupils at the beginning of the school year 2008/2009
TOTAL	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
GREECE TOTAL	140.161	74.269	65.892	53,0	47,0
Repatriated	18.578	9.480	9.098	51,0	49,0
Foreign pupils	121.583	64.789	56.794	53,3	46,7
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Primary and Secondary Education Statistics
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate
Pupil's school attendance discontinued during the year by sex 2010/2011
	Total	Male	Female
Primary schools	1.136	589	547
Lower Secondary	12.624	8.355	4.269
Upper Secondary	4.734	2.923	1.811
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Primary and Secondary Education Statistics
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate

2.The percentage of boys and girls, from primary education till the completion year of compulsory education, is accordingly the birth rate of boys and girls. In contrast, at the levels of education beyond compulsory, the percentage of girls is higher. In Upper Secondary Education the percentage of girls was 53.3 per cent and that of boys 46.7 per cent in the beginning of the year 2009/2010. Two years later, in 2011/2012 the percentage of the boys improved and reached 47.1 and that of girls 52.9 per cent.

Complementary data from life long education

Tertiary education

Higher third-level education - Teaching staff: Change by sex and level, beginning of academic years 09/10-11/12
Total educational institutions	General total	Regular teaching staff - researchers
Total	Professors	Associate professors	Assistant professors	Lecturers
Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Total - 2011/12	100	68	32	100	70	30	100	80	20	100	71	29	100	65	35	100	61	39
Total - 2010/11	100	68	32	100	71	29	100	81	19	100	72	28	100	66	34	100	60	40
Total - 2009/10	100	67	33	100	71	29	100	81	19	100	72	28	100	66	34	100	60	40
Total - 2011/12	11113	7599	3514	9240	6505	2735	2754	2216	538	2085	1482	603	2895	1886	1009	1506	921	585
Total - 2010/11	12162	8276	3886	9366	6620	2746	2749	2226	523	2107	1510	597	2888	1908	980	1622	976	646
Total - 2009/10	13336	8895	4441	9430	6650	2780	2685	2175	510	2187	1564	623	2803	1860	943	1755	1051	704
Change 2009 - 2011	-2223	-1296	-927	-190	-145	-45	69	41	28	-102	-82	-20	92	26	66	-249	-130	-119
% Change 2009/10-2011/12	-16,7	-14,6	-20,9	-2,0	-2,2	-1,6	2,6	1,9	5,5	-4,7	-5,2	-3,2	3,3	1,4	7,0	-14,2	-12,4	-16,9
* (2) Including professors (regular and extraordinary, permanent or in tenure) and other teaching staff (appointed and non-salaried professors and assistant professors); including also instructors and teaching assistants.

Tertiary education - Teaching staff: Change by sex and level, beginning of academic years 09/10-11/12
Total of educational institutions	Non regular teaching staff	Collaborating research staff Speciali z ed laboratory teaching staff
Total
Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Total - 2011/12	100	64	36	100	47	53	100	49	51
Total - 2010/11	100	61	39	100	0	100	100	48	52
Total - 2009/10	100	61	39	100	32	68	100	46	54
Total - 2011/12	1045	665	380	17	8	9	503	244	259
Total - 2010/11	1953	1201	752	2	0	2	520	252	268
Total - 2009/10	2539	1542	997	19	6	13	553	254	299
Change	-1494	-877	-617	-2	2	-4	-50	-10	-40
% Change 2009/10 2011/2012	-58,8	-56,9	-61,9	-10,5	33,3	-30,8	-9,0	-3,9	-13,4

Tertiary Education: Students by sex and semester, beginning of years 2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12
Educational Institution	Regular semesters	1st semester	Regular semesters exceeded	Total students
Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
academic year 2011 / 2012	100	40	60	100	41	59	100	52	48	100	47	53
academic year 2010 / 2011	100	40	60	100	41	59	100	54	46	100	47	53
academic year 2009 / 2010	100	39	61	100	40	60	100	52	48	100	46	54
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Tertiary Education Survey - beginning of year
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate

Tertiary education - Post graduate Students by sex, level of studies, beginning of academic years 09/10-11/12
General Total	Level of post graduate studies
Master degree	PHD
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Total 2011/2012	100	46	54	100	40	60	100	55	45
Total 2009/2010	100	48	52	100	43	57	100	56	44
Change		-2	2		-3	3		-2	2
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Tertiary Higher Education Survey - beginning of year
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equali ty, Documentation & Information Directorate

Statistical data on e mployment

Employment, part - time workers %, temporary contract % - annual averages by sex 2008 - 2011
Males	2008	2009	2010	2011	change 08-11
Total employment (resident population concept - LFS)	2.775,3	2.717,8	2.626,8	2.441,5	-333,8
Part-time workers in % of total employment	2,8	3,2	3,7	4,5	1,7
Percentage of employees with temporary contracts	9,9	10,6	10,9	10,5	0,6
Females	2008	2009	2010	2011	change 08-11
Total employment (resident population concept - LFS)	1.784,1	1.790,9	1.761,8	1.649,2	-134,9
Part-time workers in % of total employment	9,9	10,4	10,4	10,2	0,3
Percentage of employees with temporary contracts	13,7	14,1	14,4	12,9	-0,8
Employment, part - time workers %, temporary contract % - annual averages by sex 2008 - 2011
Males	2008	2009	2010	2011	absolut e change 08-11	percentage change 08-11
Total employment (resident population concept - LFS)	2.775.300	2.717.800	2.626.800	2.441.500	-333.800	-12,0
Part-time workers in % of total employment	2,8	3,2	3,7	4,5	1,7	60,7
Percentage of employees with temporary contracts	9,9	10,6	10,9	10,5	0,6	6,1
Females	2008	2009	2010	2011	absolut e change 08-11	percentage change 08-11
Total employment (resident population concept - LFS)	1.784.100	1.790.900	1.761.800	1.649.200	-134.900	-7,6
Part-time workers in % of total employment	9,9	10,4	10,4	10,2	0,3	3,0
Percentage of employees with temporary contracts	13,7	14,1	14,4	12,9	-0,8	-5,8
Difference Females - Males
Total employment (resident population concept - LFS)	-991.200	-926.900	-865.000	-792.300
Part-time workers in % of total employment	7	7	7	6
Percentage of employees with temporary contracts	4	4	4	2
Gender gap
Total employment (resident population concept - LFS)	-36	-34	-33	-32
Part-time workers in % of total employment	254	225	181	127
Percentage of employees with temporary contracts	38	33	32	23
Source of data: Eurostat
Table extraction: General Secretariat for Gender Equality

3.The above data which indicate the development of total employment, part-time employment and fixed-term employment disaggregated by sex, show that during the period between 2008-2011 total employment of males decreased by 12 per cent, while the employment of females decreased by 7.6 per cent.

4.Part-time employment of males (at 4.5 per cent) increased by 60.7 per cent, while part-time employment of females (at 10.2 per cent) increased by 3 per cent.

5.Fixed-term employment of males (at 10.5 per cent) increased by 6.1 per cent, while fixed-term employment of females (at 12.9 per cent) decreased by 5.8 per cent.

6.In all the above indices it is evident that the gender gap in employment, during the period under consideration, was reduced, due to the severe deterioration of the indices for men.

Salaries

Average monthly cost of work in Euro, by economic activity sector and sex, for the years: 2007 and 2012 Β trimester .

Average monthly cost of work in Euro, by economic activity sector and sex, by trimester, for the years: 2007 and 2012 Β trimester
Revised data
Economic activity sectors – men	2007	2012	Absolute change 2007-2012	% Change 2007-2012
Primary sector	1.240	1.080	-160	-13
Secondary sector	1.780	1.592	-188	-11
Tertiary sector	2.013	1.777	-236	-12
Total of people employed	1.918	1.708	-210	-11
Economic activity sectors – women	2007	2012	Absolute change 2007-2012	% Change 2007-2012
Primary sector	1.013	994	-19	-2
Secondary sector	1.564	1.473	-91	-6
Tertiary sector	1.625	1.492	-133	-8
Total of people employed	1.614	1.486	-127	-8
Source : G . S . NSSG Manpower Survey combine with data from administration sources

Average Labour Cost Women / Average Labour Cost Men
Economic activity sectors	Pay gap - labour cost
2007	2012	2007	2012	Pay gap reduction Average Labour Cost 2007-2012
Primary sector	82	92	18	8	-10
Secondary sector	88	93	12	7	-5
Tertiary sector	81	84	19	16	-3
Total of people employed	84	87	16	13	-3
Source : G . S . NSSG Manpower Survey combine with data from administration sources

7.Processed data show that the existing and considerable pay gap in the Average Monthly Labour Cost in Euro by economic activity sector and sex, which was at 16 per cent in 2007, still exists in 2012, but has been reduced to 13 per cent in the total of people employed. This, according to the above data, is explained by the higher reduction of the Average Monthly Labour Cost for men as compared to the same reduction for women, during the period 2007B2012B (the reduction being 11 per cent for men and 8 per cent for women).

8.Data on health and violence against women can be found in the replies contained in paragraphs 17-18 and 7 of the list of issues respectively.

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 2 of the list of issues .

9.An Inter-Ministerial Working Group was set up with the initiative of the General Secretariat for Gender Equality aiming at the drafting of the seventh periodic report under the Convention. In addition, all the Women's NGOs and NGOs active in the field of gender equality were invited to submit their contribution to the seventh periodic report. After the collection of the material, a Working Group composed of senior officials by the General Secretariat for Gender Equality prepared the final version of the report in Greek and it was sent to the National Committee of Human Rights for comments and remarks. When that process finished, the Greek version was translated into English by the Translation Service of the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs and it was forwarded to the competent Directorate of the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. It has to be underlined that the seventh periodic report has been printed by the National Printing House both in Greek and in English and has been disseminated to all Ministries, Public Authorities, the Hellenic Parliament, NGOs, civil society and other relevant stakeholders in Greece and on abroad.

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 3 of the list of issues

10.Assessing the effects of the crisis is a prerequisite for every form of response to it. The General Secretariat for Gender Equality has launched a number of actions in order to assess the consequences of the crisis by sex and minimize the effects and causes.

Studies on the gendered impact of the crisis and budget cuts on women in Greece

11.In the context of the NSRF (European funds) Project “Organizing services for the incorporation, monitoring and assessment of gender equality policies in the entire spectrum of public action” of the Operational Programme “Administrative Reform 2007-2013”, which is in progress, an open public request for tenders is under way, looking for agents to carry out surveys and studies on the following subjects:

Subject of survey/study

Unemployment and Gender Inequalities: Consequences of the economic crisis on women and households in Greece.

Prostitution and trafficking in women, aiming at their sexual and financial exploitation in Greece.

Violence against women in Greece.

The health of men and women in Greece: State of health, use of health services and defining factors.

12.There will also be a call for tenders, within the year 2012 and in the context of the same Project, for the following surveys/studies:

Consequences of the economic crisis on single parent families.

Women and one person households, with emphasis on ages over 65 years.

Women farmers in Greece

Gender, Reproductive Rights and Sexual health of Women in Greece: HIV/AIDS, abortion

The homeless. Engendered dimensions of homelessness in urban space.

Harmonization of professional, personal and family life: Parental leave take-up by sex in the public sector.

The gender pay-gap

Constitutional, legislative and institutional framework

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 4 of the list of issues

13.The composition of the Specialized Legislative Committee for the drafting of a new law on substantial equality of the sexes is described in the Government Official Gazette (FEK 270/YODD/4-8-2010, FEK 424/YODD/31-12-2010, FEK 146/YODD/25-5-2011). It is composed of academics, renowned lawyers, specialists in gender matters and gender equality, specialists and officials of the General Secretariat for Gender Equality.

14.The Committee’s mandate was to establish active policies for the implementation of the principle of gender equality in all sectors (education, health, work, the mass media, decision-making centres etc.) as well as create mechanisms to monitor and control their results. The Committee has completed its work with a draft final conclusions document, having at the same time laid down the following specific proposals for the legislative regulation:

(1)To the Minister of the Interior, about the funding of political parties (Ref. No. GSGE/2358/17-5-11)

(2)To the Special Secretary of the Hellenic Labour Inspectorate, about the proposed (by the Ministry of Labour) bill, for the restructuring of the Hellenic Labour Inspectorate (Ref. No. GSGE/2320/16-5-11)

(3)To the Secretary General of the Ministry of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights about “the rationalization and the optimization of civil justice procedures” (Ref. No. GSGE/2659/31-5-11)

15.The composition of the Specialized Legislative Committee for the drafting of a new law on combating violence against women is described in the Government Official Gazette (FEK 270/YODD/4-8-2010, FEK 253/YODD/8-8-2011). It is composed of academics, renowned lawyers, specialists in gender matters and gender equality, specialists and officials of the General Secretariat for Gender Equality.

16.The Committee’s mandate was the elaboration of measures for awareness-raising and protection regarding women-victims of violence, the protection of their rights and the enhancement of existing legislation on combating violence against women (domestic violence, violence in the workplace and violence in society). The Committee dealt with all form of violence against women, i.e. physical, psychological and sexual violence. The Committee regarded violence committed within the domestic sphere as a form of violence worse than others. Gender violence was considered on the following axes:

Prevention (education-information-awareness-raising, implementation of relative measures proposed)

Programmes focused on perpetrators

Assistance to women-victims of violence (which presupposes the creation of psycho-social and legal support structures)

Penal repression

17.In January 2012, the Committee issued the relative conclusions. There where proposals for amendments in the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, relative to the matters of combating domestic violence, rape and sexual harassment.

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 5 of the list of issues

18.The Specialized Legislative Committee for the amendment of the provisions of family law dealt with matters pertaining to the re-establishment of the non-changeable surname of the spouses, the modernization of the provisions on adoption, parental responsibility in case of a divorce, the abolition of Sharia Law and the institutional framework of the civil partnership.

19.The Committee filed a draft bill and the relative Explanatory Memorandum with the Minister of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights (28/12/2010). The draft bill proposes the following.

Harmonization of the Greek law with the European Convention on the Adoption of Children - Revised (2008)

The abolition of collateral affinity as a bar for marriage.

The abolition of the ability of the spouses to define (as far as their legal relationships are concerned) their surname through mutual agreement

The establishment of the compound surname for the child in the case of lack of relevant agreement between the parents and the abolition of (the contrary to the principle of equality) rule that defines that in such a case the child takes the surname of the father.

The abolition of Sharia. The Committee considering, inter alia, that the power of Sharia is in flagrant contradiction to:

United Nations conventions on gender equality

The European Convention on Human Rights

The principles that form the basis of the Greek Constitution

The legal recognition of the partnership of homosexual couples through the establishment of their ability to contract civil partnership, but not civil marriage. The adoption of children by a homosexual couple is not regulated by the draft bill in question, as it has been considered that this issue should be addressed at a later stage, after the new alternative form of family that is institutionalized by the draft law has been in effect for a time period and has been socially accepted.

20.The above-mentioned draft law has not yet been presented to Parliament for discussion and possible vote.

Access to justice

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 6 of the list of issues

21.There is no special provision to facilitate generally access of women to Justice. In principle, the general legislative framework in place is implemented for all citizens equally, without exception.

22.However, due to the intervention of the Special Legislative Committee for the drafting of a new law on combating violence against women to the Ministry of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights, in 2012, a provision was passed by the Greek Parliament (Law 4055/2012, art. 28, para. 2) which stipulates that no examination fee is required for crimes against sexual freedom and economic abuse of sexual life as well as crimes of domestic violence. The requirement of paying a special fee was abolished for victims of domestic violence, who are financially weak, which makes the cost of the special fee a deterrent to their exercising their legal rights.

Violence against women

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 7 of the list of issues

23.Preventing and combating violence against women in Greece is the goal of the National Programme for Preventing and Combating Violence against Women 2009-2013 which was launched in November 2009. The Programme includes actions such as the creation of Counselling Centres and Shelters at the seat of every Region, the operation of a nationwide SOS Telephone Helpline, conducting a campaign for raising awareness in public opinion aiming towards prevention from the phenomenon, etc.

24.Specifically, regarding the creation of Counselling Centres, the following fourCounselling Centres were inaugurated in 2012 and arein operation:

Women’s Counselling Centre “MultiCentre” (opening 27/3/2012) opened in the centre of Athens, aiming at comprehensive support for women to cover their needs in four key areas: psychosocial support, information and counselling on employment and entrepreneurship, by the staff of the Research Centre for Gender Equality, legal counselling and information and counselling on sexual and reproductive health. The services are offered to all women and girls (over 15 years) by a specialized scientific staff to approach women from a gender perspective. Information and counselling on reproductive and sexual health is carried out at the offices of the “MultiCentre” by the specialized staff of the MaternityHospital “Helena Venizelos” and the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (KEELPNO),with which the GSGE has an ongoing collaboration. The “MultiCentre” is an extension of the GSGE Counselling Centre of the Athens, created and operated since 1988, providing psychosocial support and legal counselling to women victims of violence.

Women’s Counselling Centre in Patras (opening 28/3/2012) supports women with services of: psychosocial support, information and counselling on employment and entrepreneurship, as well as legal counselling and information.

Women’s Counselling Centre in Lamia(opening 5/4/2012) was opened to support women in need of psychosocial support, as well as legal counselling and information.

Women’s Counselling Centre in Heraklion-Crete (opening 6/4/2012), was also opened to support women in need of psychosocial support, information and counselling on employment and entrepreneurship, as well as legal counselling and information.

25.The launch of Counselling Centres is forthcoming in the cities: Thessaloniki,Ioannina, Komotini, Larissa, Tripoli, Piraeus, Ermoupoli, Kerkyra, Kozani and Mytilene.

Developing new support structures and services in local communities, to tackle violence against women

26.The Project “Development of Structures and Services of Local Authorities to Tackle Violence against Women” involves the development ofstructures and services on a nationwide scale to support women victims of violence.

27.GSGE has designed and allocated funding for the creation of 19shelters for women victims of violence and their children, and for thecreation of 25 Counselling Centres for women victims of violencechosen to be placed in 44 Greek Municipalities that were selected withobjective criteria (geographical areas and per population).

28.The Project completes and supports the goals of prevention and combating violenceagainst women, as well as the support of women victims. The MunicipalCounselling Centres and Shelters will operate in addition to the 14GSGE Counselling Centres – creating thus a closely knit network of 61 nationwidestructures (including the two shelters of the National Centre for Social Solidarity [EKKA]). GSGE will provide Municipalities and EKKA with expertknowledge and training materials for the standard implementation of gender-sensitiveCounselling work.

29.The programme-contracts have already been signed between the GSGE and the respective Municipalities and the operation of these structures is on route.

Cooperation with Bar Associations

30.The GSGE has developed cooperation with the Bar Associations of the respectivecities to organize the provision of legal assistance and legal aid towomen victims of violence, with funding by the NSRF. The Protocol of cooperation was signed with the Bar Associations of Athens, Patras, Heraklion andLamia.

The SOS Telephone Helpline 15900

31.On11 March 2011, the SOS Telephone Helpline began its operation. It is alsosupported by the e-mail address sos15900@isotita.gr. The Helpline operates24 hours / 365 days a year and offers information and counselling overthe phone, in Greek and in English, to women victims of all forms of violence. It is staffed by twelve(12) trained counsellors and one (1) coordinator. Between 11/3/2011 and 11/9/2012, the Helpline received seven thousand, six hundred and seventy-six (7676) calls, and 53 emails.

32.In order to make the operation of the Helpline known, as well as to raise public awareness on matters of gender violence, a nationwide campaign was designed and is being implemented. The campaign includes:

Brochures of SOS Telephone Helpline15900 were produced to address all forms of violence against women (domestic violence, rape, sexual harassment, human trafficking). The brochure was translated into various languages (including English, French and Albanian, Arabic and Russian).

Radio campaign: With the launch of the SOS Helpline a radio spot was created, entitled “Do not tolerate”. It broadcasted between September 2011 and November 2011 as a social message by numerous radio stations across the country (broadcast in Athens 1251 times and 1867 times in Thessaloniki).

TV campaign: The TV spot “She was hit here”, duration 48’’, broadcasted 912 times (November 2011-January 2012) by public and private channels. The previous TV spot “The last time” on violence against women as a social message by nationwide TV stations (388 broadcasts in the period10/3/2011 to 31/5/2011).

33.The assessment of the structures against gender violence is conducted through recording and analyzing the cases they receive and serve, thus acquiring comparable data that help assess the demand for these services.

34.This recording has showed an upward trend of the demand during periods of information campaigns (when TV spots or radio messages etc. are broadcast).

35.The recording and analysis mentioned above show to what extent the implemented policies are necessary and to what extent there is need for their enhancement.

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 8 of the list of issues

36.On the initiative of the General Secretariat for Gender Equality of the Ministry of the Interior, the full text of the Convention has been translated in the Greek language by the Translation Services of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and has already been uploaded on the website of the General Secretariat for Gender Equality.

37.The ratification of the Convention by the Greek Parliament will support the actions of the General Secretariat for Gender Equality within the framework of the “National Programme for Combating Violence against Women”. At present, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality, in collaboration with the Special Legal Service-International Conventions Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has already launched the process of the ratification of the Convention by the Greek Parliament, which involves the compilation of an Explanatory and Special Report.

Trafficking and exploitation of prostitution

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 9 of the list of issues

38.As of 2010, the “Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children” is in force, as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its three Protocols has been ratified by Law 3875/2010 “Ratification and Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its three Protocols and related provisions” (FEK 158 Α ’/20-09-2010)

39.Also in 2010, Law 3904/2010 “Rationalization and optimization of administration of Criminal Justice and other provisions” has been passed and is in force.

40.According to statistical data provided by the Headquarters of the Greek Police of the Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection (in particular, by the Directorate of Public Safety, Department of Analyzing Combating Crime):

41.During the year 2005, the Greek Police dealt with 60 cases of Trafficking in Human Beings, in 17 of which the perpetrators were members of criminal organizations. After investigations, charges were pressed against 202 perpetrators, both Greek and foreign, while there were 137 victims (29 men, 104 women and 4 underage persons) of economic and sexual abuse.

42.Assistance by the units of assistance and protection of the State, as well as by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) was provided for 57 victims. A decree by the competent Prosecutor was issued for 20 of the victims, suspending their deportation, according to article 12 of Law 3064/02.

43.During the year 2006, the Greek Police dealt with 70 cases of Trafficking in Human Beings (66 cases of sexual abuse and 4 cases of labour abuse), in 20 of which the perpetrators were members of criminal organizations. After investigations, charges were pressed against 206 perpetrators, both Greek and foreign, while there were 83 victims (6 men, 76 women and 1 underage person) of economic and sexual abuse. Of the victims, 39 asked for and were provided with assistance and protection by the State.

44.During the year 2007, the Greek Police dealt with 41 cases of Trafficking in Human Beings (29 cases of sexual abuse, 11 cases of labour abuse and 1 case of illicit adoption), in 17 of which the perpetrators were members of criminal organizations. After investigations, charges were pressed against 121 perpetrators, both Greek and foreign, while there were 100 victims (31 men, 64 women and 5 underage persons) of economic and sexual abuse. Of the victims, 35 asked for and were provided with assistance and protection by the State.

45.During the year 2008, the Greek Police dealt with 40 cases of Trafficking in Human Beings (37 cases of sexual abuse, Twocases of labour abuse and onecase of illicit trade in human organs), in 14 of which the perpetrators were members of criminal organizations. After investigations, charges were pressed against 161 perpetrators, both Greek and foreign, while there were 76 victims (8 men, 61 women and 7 underage persons) of economic and sexual abuse. Of the victims, 36 asked for and were provided with assistance and protection by the State.

46.During the year 2009, the Greek Police dealt with 66 cases of Trafficking in Human Beings (52 cases of sexual abuse and 14 cases of labour abuse), in 18 of which the perpetrators were members of criminal organizations. After investigations, charges were pressed against 303 perpetrators, both Greek and foreign, while there were 121 victims (21 men, 87 women and 13 underage persons) of economic and sexual abuse.

47.During the year 2010, the Greek Police dealt with 49 cases of Trafficking in Human Beings (47 cases of sexual abuse, 1 of which was at the same time a case of illicit trade in human organs, and 2 of both sexual and financial abuse). After investigations, charges were pressed against 246 perpetrators, both Greek and foreign, while there were 92 victims (9 men, 66 women and 17 underage persons) of economic and sexual abuse. Of the victims, 64 asked for and were provided with assistance and protection by the GreekState.

48.During the year 2011, the Greek Police dealt with 41 cases of Trafficking in Human Beings (35 cases of sexual abuse, 2 cases of labour abuse and 4 cases of beggary), in 16 of which the perpetrators were members of criminal organizations. After investigations, charges were pressed against 220 perpetrators, both Greek and foreign, while there were 97 victims (28 men, 56 women and 13 underage persons) of economic and sexual abuse. Of the victims, 51 asked for and were provided with assistance and protection by the GreekState.

49.In the framework of the NSRF project “Organizing services for the integration, monitoring and evaluation of gender equality policies throughout the spectrum of public activity” of the Operational Programme “Administrative Reform 2007-2013”, which is being implemented at present, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality has called for Proposals on “Conduct of Studies, Research and National Reports to support the operation of the Monitoring Structure Mechanism, for Gender Equality”.

50.A research to be conducted is one by the title “Prostitution and Illicit Trafficking in Women aiming at their sexual/financial abuse in Greece”. The research will focus on tracing and investigating the phenomenon of prostitution and illicit trafficking in women in order to abuse them sexually and financially, on locating and illustrating issues related to the matter, as well as proposing ways to combat the phenomenon.

Political participation and decision-making

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 10 of the list of issues

51.As far as the creation of policies to encourage women to participate in decision-making centres, the General Secretariat for gender equality has designed and is implementing the following Projects, funded by the NSRF:

Local Government Elections 2010

52.An awareness-raising campaign in light of the November 2010 regional andmunicipal elections was carried out to support and empower women candidatesin local and regional elections. More specifically, the GSGE carried out the following actions:

Campaign entitled “Defy Stereotypes in these elections vote also for women”. The Campaign focused both on raising public awareness and reverse gender stereotyping in the political arena, and on supporting women candidates by disseminating informational materials. The awareness campaign included: (a) production of materials (badges, leaflets and posters in Greek and Albanian languages in order to inform immigrants about their right to vote in these elections), (b) production of twoTV spots, (c) production of radio spot, (d) organization of a workshop on strengthening women’s participation in decision making, (e) airing of the TV spot on selected internet sites, and (f) operation of an information stand in the centre of Athens for threedays (2-4/11/2010).

A formal letter was sent by the Secretary General to the General Secretaries of the parliamentary political parties in order to encourage them to include gender-sensitive criteria in the selection of the heads of the ballots thus to actively promote more women in decision-making.

National and European Parliamentary Elections

53.A campaign entitled “Awareness campaign for women’s equal participation in political decision-making at national and European level” (for the period of national elections and European Parliament elections, respectively) was prepared. The open tender to select the contractor has been published and offers are currently in the evaluation and selection process.

National Elections 2012

54.The collection, recording and processing of data regarding candidates and successful candidates disaggregated by gender, political party and region has been completed and a handbook-report was compiled, including full statistical data of 17 June2012 National Elections. It can be found posted in the website of the General Secretariat for Gender Equality (http://www.isotita.gr/index.php/statistics/c180/).

Encouraging and supporting the participation of women in positions ofpolitical responsibility at regional and local level

55.The Project “Encouraging and supporting the participation of women in positions of political responsibility at regional and local level” was designed and approved for funding by the NSRF. The implementation is being carried out by the Company PETA SA in collaboration with the Central Union of Municipalities of Greece (KEDE) and the Association of Regions (ENPE).

56.The following actions have been completed:

A formal ceremony was held on 7 November 2011 at the AcropolisMuseum with the participation of Mayors who signed the “European Charter for Equality of Women and Men in Local Life”. On t8 November 2011 a conference took place, following the signing of the Charter, with the participation of 300 women involved in local politics, and was broadcasted live via internet (live streaming) on the website of GSGE.

On2 March 2012, a conference was organized, with the participation of elected Regional Councillors and Members of the Regional Committees for Equality (PEPIS). In the conference the two-year Action Plans for Integration of Gender Equality Policies in the all Regions were presented the biennial of the country and the NSRF-funded operational and publicity support of the PEPIS by the GSGE.

Publication of the “European Charter for Equality of Women and Men in Local Life”, which was distributed to all Greek Municipalities and Regions.

Drafting and publication of the “Implementation Guide of the European Charter for Equality of Women and Men in Local Life”.

Creation of a special website www.airetes.gr and creation of Register of Elected Women at Local and Regional Level.

Organization of 13 Regional Seminars for 1000 elected women:

Western Macedonia in Kozani (15-16/12/2011), North Aegean in Athens (15-16/3/2012), Western Greece in Patra (29-30/3/2012), Peloponnese in Tripoli (5-6/4/2012), Thessaly in Larisa (31/5-1/6/2012). The remaining eight Regional Seminars are scheduled for 2012.

Staffing of Equality Offices in the Central Union of Municipalities of Greece (KEDE) and the Association of Regions (ENPE).

Encouraging and supporting the participation of women in positions ofpolitical responsibility at the national and European level

57.The Research Centre for Gender Equality (KETHI) implements a project funded by the NSRF for the development of actions that support the participation of women in positions of political responsibility at the national and European level. Specifically, the Project addresses the following target groups: (a) women elected at national or European level, (b) women candidates in elections (national and European elections) whohave not yet been elected, and (c) political parties and decision-making institutions regarding the electoral process. The project includes:

(a)Conducting surveys and studies on women’s participation in decisionmaking,

(b)Organization of training seminars for women candidates in elections,

(c)Creating a special website,

(d) Publication of relevant printed materials.

Projects aimed at the advancement of women in decision-making in SocialPartners’ Organizations

58.Projects were designed in order to aimat empowering women in administrative positions in Social Partners’ Organizations at all levels, with actions such as:

(a)Creating gender equality structures at the offices of Social Partners’ Organizations;

(b) Networking and transnational cooperation;

(c)Organizing training seminars and awareness-raising workshops.

59.The following projects are funded by the National. Strategic Reference Framework(NSRF) and are under implementation:

“Actions for the promotion and support of women in senior ranks of the Labour Union of Public Sector (ADEDY) and its members”, implemented by the ADEDY Balkan Institute of Public Administration.

“Enhancing and strengthening the participation of women in rural trade unions and other bodies representing the Rural Sector” implemented by the General Confederation of Agricultural Associations of Greece (GESASE).

“Strengthening and support women to get involved in commercial entrepreneurship and the trade union movement” implemented by the National Confederation of Greek Commerce (ESEE).

“Action Plan for the promotion of women in decision-making bodies of the Hellenic Confederation of Professionals, Craftsmen and Merchants (GSEVEE)” implemented by the Institute of Small Business of the GSEVEE.

“Promotion and enhancement of women’s participation in representative bodies of trade unions” implemented by the Labor Institute of the General Confederation of Greek Workers (GSEE) (INE-GSEE).

“Strengthening the women’s participation in positions of responsibility in business and business representatives”, implemented by the Association of the Greek Industry (SEV).

Improving skills of women civil servants in the central Government, public and private entities and municipalities

60.The GSGE designed, in collaboration with the National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government (EKDDA), the Project entitled “Strengthening and improving skills of women civil servants in central administration, public and private entities and local authorities to enable their promotion to higher level posts”, funded by the NSRF. The drafting of the training manual has been completed, and the implementation of the EKDDA Project is underway. Sixteenworkshops for empowering women civil servants were held to enhance their participation in positions of responsibility, and twotraining seminars for special committee members took place. Within the next period, the implementation of relevant awareness-raising workshops will begin.

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 11 of the list of issues.

61.Regarding the electoral process at the national level, the recent Presidential Decree 26/2012 “Codification into a single text of the legislative provisions regarding the election of members of Parliament”, codifies finally the existing legislation on quotas in the number of candidates by gender (that is, it codifies article 34 of Presidential Decree 96/2007 and article 3 of Law 3636/2008) and, in article 34, it stipulates that:

“For the proclamation of the electoral combinations of independent parties, coalitions of cooperating parties and independents, the number of candidates of each sex shall be at least equal to 1/3 of the total number of candidates , respectively, throughout the Territory. Any decimal number shall be rounded to the nearest integral, if the fraction is equal to half and upwards”

62.After the recent National Elections on 17 June 2012, the number of women members of Parliament is 63 out of a total of 300 members of Parliament, that is, 21 per cent of the members of Parliament are women. This is the highest percentage of women’s representation in the last 16 years. It must be noted that after the National Elections of 1996 the percentage was only 6.3 per cent. However, even at 21 per cent, it is still lower than the European average for participation of women in National Parliaments of the European Union (which is 26 per cent)

63.Throughout the country, the quota set for the percentage of women candidates has been upheld by all parliamentary parties, as stipulated by the existing legislation. The said quota is actually slightly higher for women than 1/3 of the total number of candidates, reaching 34.73 per cent

64.The table that follows shows in detail the percentages of women candidates and successful candidates throughout the country, by political party, after the National Elections of 17 June 2012. According to the data, SYRIZA has the highest percentage of elected women (35,21 per cent), followed closely by Anexartiti Ellines (35 per cent) and the Greek Communist Party (KKE) with 33,33 per cent.

Table

Women candidates and elected women by political party throughout the country after the Nati onal Elections of 17 June 2012

Political Party	Total Number of Candidates	Percentage of women candidates (%)	Total of successful candidates (elected mps)	Total of successful women candidates (elected mps)	Percentage of successful women candidates (elected mps) (%)
NEA DIMOCRATIA ( ND )	423	33,33	129	18	13,95
SYRIZA - ENOTIKO KINONIKO METOPO (ΕΚΜ)	424	33,25	71	25	35,21
PANELLINIO SOCIALISTIKO KINIMA ( P Α. S Ο.Κ.)	423	34,04	33	3	9,09
ANEXARTITI ELLINES	413	35,59	20	7	35,00
LAIKOS SYNDESMOS – CHRYSI AVGI	246	35,77	18	1	5,56
DIMOCRATIKI ARISTERA ( DI ΜΑ R )	420	35,48	17	5	29,41
COMMUNISTIKO KOMMA ELLADOS (ΚΚΕ)	424	36,08	12	4	33,33
TOTAL	2773	34,73	300	63	21,00

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 12 of the list of issues.

65.Entry to Training Schools of military nature is free to citizens without any kind of discrimination based on the ground of gender. The measure of quotas in favor of female candidates has been adopted in order to promote their enrollment at these institutions and advance their status in private and public life away from prejudices and without stereotypes. For the time being, no additional information has been provided on this issue by the competent institutions but relevant material is expected to be received in the near future.

Education

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 13 of the list of issues

Comments - life long education

66.In Greece, Secondary Education consists of the Gymnasio - Junior High School (lower compulsory secondary education, ISCED 2 category according to the international model of categorization of Education created by UNESCO) and the Lykeio - Senior High School, which can be integrated or vocational as well as vocational schools (upper secondary education, category ISCED 3). Recent statistical evidence referring to school years 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 show that the number of boys enrolled in the first year of Junior High School were higher than those of girls, the percentage being 52.1 per cent for boys, as opposed to 47.9 per cent for girls. Respectively, the number of boys enrolled in the first year of primary education schools is higher than that of girls for both school years (Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Primary and Secondary Education Statistics, Data Processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation and Information Directorate). The higher proportion of boys may be explained demographically by the fact that according to the general census survey of the population in 2001, men 0-39 years of age are more than women, the percentage being 51.5 per cent men as compared to 48.5 per cent women. In ages 40-85+ there are more women than men*..

67.However, despite the fact that there are more boys than girls in the lower level of secondary education and, moreover, there are more boys than girls graduating, during the beginning of school years 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 , the number of girls who enrol in the first year of Lykeio (upper secondary education) is higher than that of boys(Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, Primary and Secondary Education Statistics, Data Processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation and Information Directorate). It is obvious then that, for some reason, a percentage of boys drop out after the completion of compulsory secondary education.

68.According to Eurostat data, in Greece, the percentage of early school leavers is constantly higher in men than in women. In particular, the average percentage of dropping-out from 2004 to 2011 is 18.1 per cent as compared to 10.6 per cent for women.(Source: Eurostat, Early leavers from education and training by sex and employment status, Data Processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate).

69.Below are some more interesting data (Source: Hellenic statistical authority, Tertiary Education Survey – Tertiary Education Institutes. Data processing: documentation and information directorate):

Males and f emales in t ertiary e ducation - Tertiary Education Institutes (AEI)

	Males (%)	Females (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Total number of students	1st semester of studies
Acad.year 2009/2010	46	54	40	60
Acad.year 2010/2011	47	53	41	59
Acad.year 2011/2012	41	59	40	60

Males and f emales studying for Master’s Degree or being candidates for PH.D.

	Males (%)	Females (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Total number of candidates for Master’s Degree	Total number of candidates for PH.D.
Acad.year 2009/2010	43	57	56	44

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 14 of the list of issues.

70.The Ministry of Education has included in its responsibilities the review of teaching materials, curricula and textbooks aiming at the integration of the principle of gender equality in all levels of education, with a particular emphasis on primary and secondary levels. Actually, there has been an ongoing process of review and a significant number of professionals and experts in the fields of education, arts and gender equality have been involved in this target. Appropriate guidelines by the European Union and the Council of Europe are always taken into consideration by the members of the Working Groups during the planning and the implementation of the national educational policy.

71.According to statistical data, women’s professional choices are not so strictly defined by gender stereotypes. Below there is data for women academic participation in traditionally male fields.

Annual data on participation in tertiary education according to ISCED97
Population - as a percentage of the population aged 20-29
First and second stage of tertiary education (levels 5 and 6)
Females
Engineering, manufacturing and construction
GEO/TIME	2005	2010
Greece	4,09	4,66
Finland	4,66	4,62
Bulgaria	3,38	4,21
Slovenia	3,00	4,16
Females
Science, mathematics and computing
GEO/TIME	2005	2010
Greece	5,41	5,04
Finland	4,45	3,88
Ireland	2,72	3,05
Source of Data: Eurostat
Extracted on 20.09.12

72.In EU27, Greek women hold the first place in the “Annual data on participation in tertiary education according to ISCED97” index, in both areas of study.

Employment

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 15 of the list of issues

73.The following provisions are in effect regarding harmonization of family and professional life and the strengthening of women’s employability:

(1)Law 4075/2012 (FEK A/89/2012) articles 48 – 54 (facilitating carrying out of [parental and professional responsibilities, horizontal coverage of all employees both in the private and the public sector regarding taking up the parental leave etc.)

(2)Presidential Decree 80/2012 (FEK A/138/2012) “Parental leave and leave of absence to employees with the Maritime Labour Convention in Greek-flagged merchant vessels, in accordance with Directive 2010/18/EU of 8 March 2010 on the implementation of the revised framework agreement on parental leave concluded by the European umbrella organizations of social partners BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC and repealing Directive 96/34/EC”

(3)Law 3896/2010 (FEK A/207/2010) “Application of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of work and employment - harmonization of existing legislation with the Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 and other related provisions”

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 16 of the list of issues

74.Law 3846/2010 has covered the above-mentioned annex to the National General Collective Labour Agreement. In article 5, it specifies the conditions under which teleworking may be implemented.

75.Law 4075/2012 has incorporated into Greek national law Directive 2010/18/EU of 8 March 2010 on the implementation of the revised framework agreement on parental leave concluded by the European umbrella organizations of social partners BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC and repealing Directive 96/34/EC.

76.In particular, Law 4075/2012 introduces two new types of parental leave, a leave in case of serious illnesses of the child and a leave in case of child hospitalization. The Law also stipulates that none of its provisions repeal any favourable provisions of earlier laws.

77.Paragraph 2 of article 49 stipulates that the scope of implementation of the law is significantly wider, including all employees, of any form of employment and employment relationship, regardless of the nature of services provided.

78.Article 50 provides for the right of parental leave without pay, up to four months and stipulates that single parents who apply for such a leave have absolute priority. The article also stipulates explicitly that the right to parental leave exists separately for each child and it covers every employee who is a parent, regardless of their marital status. In the case where the child has only one parent (either because of death or because of total deprivation of parental care as far as one of the parents is concerned) then the parent is entitled to double the time of the parental leave. Families with adopted children are covered equally by the provisions of the law.

79.Paragraph 1 of article 51 introduces a special, paid ten-day parental leave each year, for parents of children suffering from diseases that require blood transfusions, haemodialysis or children suffering from neoplastic disease or requiring transplant.

80.Paragraph 1 of article 51 introduces a special up-to-thirty-days leave without pay for each year, for parents whose children are being hospitalized. The parents are entitled to this leave after having used the parental leave of article 50 of the same law (in the case when the employee is entitled to the said parental leave).

81.Article 53 ensures labour rights for parents who make use of the leaves described in the previous articles of the law.

82.Article 54 explicitly stipulates that any earlier provision on matters regulated by the current law, which is unfavourable as compared with the provisions of the current law, is repealed. It also stipulates that any provision which regulates such matters more favourably remains in effect. Any collective or other employee-employer agreements with regulate such matters more favourably are valid.

Health

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 17 of the list of issues

83.According to information provided by the Directorate of Public Health of the Ministry of Health and the Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (HCDCP), epidemiological data on HIV/AIDS are as follows:

84.In 2011, there have been declared 954 new cases, of which 829 (86 per cent) were men and 134 (14 per cent) were women. Most cases concerning women that were declared, involved women between 30-34 years of age.

85.The total number of HIV-positive persons (including AIDS cases) that were declared in Greece until 31 December 2011 is 11492. Of these cases, 9346 (81.3 per cent) were men, 2098 (18.3 per cent) were women, while a low percentage did not declare their sex.

86.HIV disease in Greece, within the first decade of the 21st century shows a clear upward trend. In 2011 there is an extremely important change, as the number of cases declared reached 954 persons. In comparison to 2010, the rise is over 57 per cent.

87.Out of a total of 2631 persons who contracted the disease through heterosexual sexual contact, 33.7 per cent were people who had lived or originated from countries where heterosexual transmission is frequent, 17.9 per cent had sexual contact with HIV-positive persons whose source of transmission could not be identified and 35.5 per cent were cases in which there was strong supportive evidence for heterosexual transmission.

88.In 2011 there were declared four cases of vertical transmission in Greece. The cases were three boys and one girl of Greek nationality, all children of HIV-positive mothers who used narcotic substances intravenously. In our country, a total of 86 HIV-positive children have been declared (younger than 13 years of age, according to their own declaration). Out of these, 51 (59.3 per cent) were boys and 34 (39.5 per cent) were girls. For approximately 73 per cent of the HIV-positive children, the transmission has occurred through their mothers.

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 18 of the list of issues

89.According to the Greek Documentation and Monitoring Centre for Drugs, data referring to the general population in Greece have been collected in the framework of a panhellenic research on health and the use of addictive substances, conducted in 2004 in the general population between 12-64 years of age and referring to the 20 years between 1984 and 2004. The data presented below also draw from the international HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children) research.

90.It is shown that smoking is a widespread habit throughout the country. Greeks come first in smoking among all the peoples of the EU, as in 2004, almost half (39 per cent) the population of the country between 16 and 64 years of age mentioned that they smoke. About 15 per cent of the populations are heavy smokers. Smoking seems to be increasing to the age of 44 and it is gradually reduced by older people. More men smoke and they smoke more than women do, although the numbers are gradually converging within the past 20 years as less men and more women tend to smoke. There is a reduction of the age at which smoking begins in women. It is also interesting that the number of boys who smoke is decreasing.

91.As for alcoholic drinks, one in four persons between the ages 12-64 has mentioned that they drink at least twice a week. However, significantly less Greeks (as compared to residents of other European countries, USA, Canada and Australia) use alcohol excessively and men who drink are more than women. As with other European countries, during the past years the use of alcoholic drinks by the population is decreasing, barring the age group 18-35.

92.Data regarding the consumption of alcoholic drinks in Greece (from the international research HBSC, conducted to school-aged children 11-15 years old) show that:

The consumption of alcoholic drinks refers more to boys rather than girls and the differences become greater with regard to frequency and amount of consumption

One out of three 15-year-old adolescents consumes some kind of alcoholic drink once a week.

One out of four boys and one out of five girls have at least three drinks one after the other during their regular night out.

Two out of five 15-year-old adolescents have been drunk at least once in their life.

One out of five adolescents of 11 to 15 years of age mentioned that many of their friends consume alcoholic drinks

In 2010, as compared with 2006 there has been a significant increase (from 27.6 per cent to 35.3 per cent) of 15-year-old schoolchildren who consume alcoholic drinks weekly, while the respective percentage of 11-year-olds and 13-year-olds has decreased.

93.Prevention actions are not limited to illegal substances but are integrated in the wider spectrum of preventing addiction and the promotion of health; therefore they apply to abuse of alcoholic drinks, as well.

94.As regards schools the main implementation framework consists of the Health Education Programmes of the Ministry of Education. At the same time, Prevention Centres organize informational meetings in schools, focusing on the use and abuse of alcohol. There have also been programmes of primary and secondary education teacher’s training on the use and abuse of alcoholic drinks by minors and the role of the school in prevention.

95.The Prevention Centres of many Prefectures in Greece also implement actions in the form of open discussions, as well as distributing printed informational material in stores frequented by minors and creating television and radio spots for information and awareness-raising.

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph 19 of the list of issues

96.The specific Action Plan has been in a long process of public consultation among the relevant stakeholders and no further steps have been taken by the competent Ministry of Health & Social Solidarity.

Refugee and asylum-seeking women

Reply to the issues raised in paragraph20 of the list of issues

97.The following provisions are in effect regarding refugee and asylum-seeking women:

-Law 3907/2011 (FEK 7/A/2011), Article 42: Amendments to Law 3386/2005

-Article 44 of Law 3386/2005 is replaced as follows: “Article 44 Issuance and renewal of residence permits for humanitarian reasons 1. By joint decision of the Ministers of Interior, Decentralization and e-Government and Labour and Social Security may be granted a residence permit for humanitarian reasons to third country nationals who belong to one of the following categories, on condition that the above-mentioned individuals they are not a danger to public order and security:

(a)Victims of trafficking in human beings who do not cooperate with law enforcement on condition that there is a relevant Act of Characterization by the Prosecutor of the Court of First Instance, as defined in paragraph 2, case a, of article 1;

(b) Adults, victims of domestic violence or unable to deal with their legal transactions due to health reasons, or minors for whom it has been proven that they require protective measures and are currently accommodated in shelters run by institutions or other charitable entities, provided that their return to a safe environment is impossible.

98.The General Secretariat for Gender Equality also promotes actions regarding women refugees and asylum seekers:

-The General Secretariat for Gender Equality in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Ministry of Citizen Protection drafted a Guide (manual) entitled “Guidelines for the protection of women and girls when they are first received in Greece as well as for the procedure of granting asylum”. THE Guide is intended for public administration officials working for the services which receive immigrants. The Guide highlights, inter alia, the particular risks and challenges faced by women refugees and asylum seekers, stressing the factors which must be taken into consideration to ensure that women and girls can have protection and receive help on an equal basis to men and boys. On 26 June 2011, on the occasion of the World Day for Refugees, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality organized a workshop on “Protection for refugee women and girls”, during which the Guide was presented and discussed.

Applications by sex and age 2011
	Total	0-13	14-17	18-34	35-64	65+	Unknown
Total	9.311	249	305	7.122	1.543	62	30
Males	7.120	132	249	5.660	1.009	40	30
Females	2.191	117	56	1.462	534	22	0
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Males	76	53	82	79	65	65	100
Females	24	47	18	21	35	35	0
Total	100	3	3	76	17	1	0
Males	100	2	3	79	14	1	0
Females	100	5	3	67	24	1	0
Source: Hellenic Police, Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate

Applications by sex and age 2010
	Total	0-13	14-17	18-34	35-64	65+	Unknown
Total	10.273	177	290	7.951	1.827	4	24
Males	8.682	105	270	6.934	1.348	1	24
Females	1.591	72	20	1.017	479	3	0
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Males	85	59	93	87	74	25	100
Females	15	41	7	13	26	75	0
Total	100	2	3	77	18	0	0
Males	100	1	3	80	16	0	0
Females	100	5	1	64	30	0	0
Source: Hellenic Police, Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate

Granting of political asy lum by nationality, sex and age
Country of Citizenship	Total	Males	Females	NOD	Total	Males	Females	NOD
TOTAL	240	146	50	44	100,0	60,8	20,8	18,3
Iraq	85	59	23	3	100,0	69,4	27,1	3,5
Afghanistan	59	44	15		100,0	74,6	25,4	0,0
Unknown	41			41	100,0	0,0	0,0	100,0
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	18	14	4		100,0	77,8	22,2	0,0
Somalia	8	3	5		100,0	37,5	62,5	0,0
Turkey	5	5			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Palestinian Territory , Occupied	4	4			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Syrian Arab Republic	3	3			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Stateless	3	3			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Albania	2	1	1		100,0	50,0	50,0	0,0
Cameroon	2	1	1		100,0	50,0	50,0	0,0
Congo , the Republic of the	2	1	1		100,0	50,0	50,0	0,0
Sudan	2	2			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Recogni z ed non-citizen	1	1			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Burundi	1	1			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Eritrea	1	1			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Guinea	1	1			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Pakistan	1	1			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Sri Lanka	1	1			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Source: Hellenic Police, Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate

Granting of political asylum by nationality, sex and age
Country of Citizenship	Total	Males	Females	Unknown	Total	Males	Females	Unknown
TOTAL	182	115	23	44	100	63	13	24
Iraq	51	48	1	2	100	94	2	4
Unknown	41			41	100	0	0	100
Afghanistan	30	27	3		100	90	10	0
Georgia	11	7	4		100	64	36	0
Uzbekistan	10	6	4		100	60	40	0
Stateless	6	4	1	1	100	67	17	17
Turkey	5	3	2		100	60	40	0
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	4	4			100	100	0	0
Pakistan	4	4			100	100	0	0
Sudan	3	3			100	100	0	0
Albania	2	1	1		100	50	50	0
Cameroon	1		1		100	0	100	0
Central African Republic	1		1		100	0	100	0
Congo , the Republic of the	1	1			100	100	0	0
Ethiopia	1		1		100	0	100	0
Guinea	1	1			100	100	0	0
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	1	1			100	100	0	0
Madagascar	1		1		100	0	100	0
Rwanda	1	1			100	100	0	0
Armenia	1	1			100	100	0	0
Bangladesh	1	1			100	100	0	0
China (including Hong Kong )	1		1		100	0	100	0
Indonesia	1		1		100	0	100	0
Myanmar	1	1			100	100	0	0
Syrian Arab Republic	1		1		100	0	100	0
Palestinian Territory , Occupied	1	1			100,0	100,0	0,0	0,0
Source: Hellenic Police, Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate

Granting of temporary residence permits for humanitarian reasons by nationality, sex and age
Country of Citizenship	Total	Males	Females
TOTAL	100,0	100,0	100,0
Georgia	6,0	6,1	17,4
Uzbekistan	5,5	5,2	17,4
Afghanistan	16,5	23,5	13,0
Turkey	2,7	2,6	8,7
Iraq	28,0	41,7	4,3
Stateless	3,3	3,5	4,3
Albania	1,1	0,9	4,3
Cameroon	0,5	0,0	4,3
Central African Republic	0,5	0,0	4,3
Ethiopia	0,5	0,0	4,3
Madagascar	0,5	0,0	4,3
China (including Hong Kong )	0,5	0,0	4,3
Indonesia	0,5	0,0	4,3
Syrian Arab Republic	0,5	0,0	4,3
Unknown	22,5	0,0	0,0
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	2,2	3,5	0,0
Pakistan	2,2	3,5	0,0
Sudan	1,6	2,6	0,0
Congo , the Republic of the	0,5	0,9	0,0
Guinea	0,5	0,9	0,0
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	0,5	0,9	0,0
Rwanda	0,5	0,9	0,0
Armenia	0,5	0,9	0,0
Bangladesh	0,5	0,9	0,0
Myanmar	0,5	0,9	0,0
Palestinian Territory , Occupied	0,5	0,9	0,0
Source: Hellenic Police, Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate

Granting of subsidiary protection by nationality, sex and age
Country of Citizenship	Total	Males	Females	NOD	Total	Males	Females	NOD
TOTAL	165	106	25	34	100,0	64,2	15,2	20,6
Afghanistan	51	48	3		100,0	94,1	5,9
Unknown	36	2	0	34	100,0	5,6	0,0	94,4
Iraq	18	16	2		100,0	88,9	11,1
Guinea	7	5	2		100,0	71,4	28,6
Somalia	7	4	3		100,0	57,1	42,9
Uganda	6	3	3		100,0	50,0	50,0
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	6	4	2		100,0	66,7	33,3
Central African Republic	4	2	2		100,0	50,0	50,0
Sudan	4	3	1		100,0	75,0	25,0
Pakistan	4	4	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Cote d'Ivoire	3	3	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Palestinian Territory , Occupied	3	3	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Burkina Faso	2	2	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Bangladesh	2	2	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Georgia	2	0	2		100,0	0,0	100,0
Philippines	2	0	2		100,0	0,0	100,0
Eritrea	1	0	1		100,0	0,0	100,0
Ghana	1	1	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Morocco	1	0	1		100,0	0,0	100,0
Nigeria	1	0	1		100,0	0,0	100,0
Rwanda	1	1	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Tunisia	1	1	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Sri Lanka	1	1	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Syrian Arab Republic	1	1	0		100,0	100,0	0,0
Source: Hellenic Police, Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection
Data processing: General Secretariat for Gender Equality, Documentation & Information Directorate