B.Data aggregated by region
Data (percentage) |
Gross enrolment ratio, Primary Female |
Gross enrolment ratio, Primary Male |
Gross enrolment ratio, Primary Total |
Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratio, Primary |
||||||||
Year |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Region |
||||||||||||
Arab States |
91 |
91 |
92 |
100 |
101 |
102 |
96 |
96 |
97 |
0.90 |
0.90 |
0.90 |
Central and Eastern Europe |
(*)93 |
96 |
96 |
(*)96 |
98 |
98 |
(*)95 |
97 |
97 |
(*)0.97 |
0.98 |
0.98 |
North America and Western Europe |
100 |
101 |
101 |
102 |
102 |
101 |
101 |
101 |
101 |
0.98 |
0.99 |
1.00 |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
84 |
87 |
(*)89 |
97 |
100 |
(*)95 |
90 |
94 |
(*)95 |
0.87 |
0.88 |
(*)0.89 |
Source:Available from http://stats.uis.unesco.org, UNESCO Institute of Statistics, Education (accessed on 29/07/2008).
Note : Two dots (..) indicate that data is not available. One asterisk (*) indicates that the figures are estimates from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics.
Table 2 Secondary education
A.Country data
Data (percentage) |
Gross enrolment ratio, Secondary All programmes Female |
Gross enrolment ratio, Secondary All programmes Male |
Gross enrolment r atio, Secondary All programmes T otal |
Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratio, Secondary All programmes |
||||||||
Year |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Country |
||||||||||||
Bahrain |
103 |
104 |
104 |
98 |
99 |
100 |
101 |
101 |
102 |
1.05 |
1.05 |
1.04 |
Belgium |
107 |
107 |
108 |
110 |
111 |
111 |
109 |
109 |
110 |
0.97 |
0.97 |
0.97 |
Cameroon |
23 |
24 |
21 |
30 |
30 |
26 |
27 |
27 |
24 |
0.79 |
0.79 |
0.79 |
Canada |
116 |
.. |
.. |
119 |
.. |
.. |
117 |
.. |
.. |
0.97 |
.. |
.. |
Ecuador |
61 |
65 |
68 |
61 |
64 |
67 |
61 |
65 |
68 |
1.00 |
1.01 |
1.02 |
El Salvador |
66 |
66 |
66 |
65 |
64 |
63 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
1.02 |
1.02 |
1.04 |
Kyrgyzstan |
89 |
87 |
87 |
88 |
86 |
86 |
88 |
86 |
86 |
1.01 |
1.01 |
1.01 |
Madagascar |
.. |
(*)20 |
23 |
.. |
(*)21 |
24 |
.. |
(*)21 |
24 |
.. |
(*)0.96 |
0.95 |
Mongolia |
94 |
96 |
95 |
83 |
85 |
84 |
89 |
91 |
89 |
1.13 |
1.13 |
1.12 |
Myanmar |
44 |
46 |
49 |
46 |
47 |
49 |
45 |
47 |
49 |
0.94 |
0.99 |
1.00 |
Portugal |
100 |
102 |
102 |
91 |
93 |
94 |
95 |
97 |
97 |
1.10 |
1.09 |
1.09 |
Uruguay |
115 |
109 |
109 |
99 |
94 |
94 |
107 |
101 |
101 |
1.15 |
1.15 |
1.16 |
B.Data aggregated by region
Data (percentage) |
Gross enrolment ratio, Secondary All programmes Female |
Gross enrolment ratio, Secondary All programmes Male |
Gross enrolment ratio, Secondary All programmes Total |
Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratio, Secondary All programmes |
||||||||
Year |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Region |
||||||||||||
Arab States |
65 |
65 |
(*)65 |
71 |
72 |
(*)70 |
68 |
68 |
(*)68 |
0.91 |
0.91 |
(*)0.92 |
Central and Eastern Europe |
87 |
85 |
86 |
91 |
89 |
89 |
89 |
87 |
88 |
0.96 |
0.96 |
0.96 |
North America and Western Europe |
101 |
102 |
101 |
100 |
101 |
101 |
101 |
101 |
101 |
1.01 |
1.01 |
1.00 |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
(*)26 |
(*)27 |
(*)28 |
(*)33 |
(*)34 |
(*)35 |
29 |
30 |
32 |
0.79 |
0.79 |
0.80 |
Source:Available from http://stats.uis.unesco.org, UNESCO Institute of Statistics, Education (accessed on 29/07/2008).
Note:Two dots (..) indicate that data is not available.One asterisk (*) indicates that the figures are estimates from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics.
Table 3 Tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6)
A.Country data
Data (percentage) |
Gross enrolment ratio, ISCED 5 and 6 Female |
Gross enrolment ratio, ISCED 5 and 6 Male |
Gross enrolment ratio, ISCED 5 and 6 Total |
Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratio, Tertiary |
||||||||
Year |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Country |
||||||||||||
Bahrain |
(*)44 |
48 |
47 |
(*)23 |
20 |
19 |
(*)33 |
33 |
32 |
(*)1.95 |
2.41 |
2.46 |
Belgium |
68 |
69 |
70 |
57 |
56 |
56 |
62 |
62 |
63 |
1.20 |
1.23 |
1.25 |
Cameroon |
(*)4 |
(**)5 |
6 |
(*)6 |
(**)7 |
8 |
(**)5 |
(**)6 |
7 |
(*)0.64 |
(**)0.66 |
0.72 |
Canada |
72 |
.. |
.. |
53 |
.. |
.. |
62 |
.. |
.. |
1.36 |
.. |
.. |
Ecuador |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
El Salvador |
21 |
22 |
23 |
18 |
18 |
19 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
1.20 |
1.22 |
1.21 |
Kyrgyzstan |
43 |
46 |
48 |
36 |
37 |
38 |
40 |
41 |
43 |
1.19 |
1.25 |
1.27 |
Madagascar |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
0.90 |
0.89 |
0.87 |
Mongolia |
49 |
54 |
58 |
30 |
33 |
37 |
39 |
43 |
47 |
1.64 |
1.62 |
1.57 |
Myanmar |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Portugal |
64 |
62 |
61 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
56 |
55 |
55 |
1.32 |
1.30 |
1.28 |
Uruguay |
(*)56 |
58 |
58 |
(*)28 |
33 |
35 |
(*)42 |
45 |
46 |
(*)2.02 |
1.74 |
1.68 |
B.Data aggregated by region
Data (percentage) |
Gross enrolment ratio, ISCED 5 and 6 Female |
Gross enrolment ratio, ISCED 5 and 6 Male |
Gross enrolment ratio, ISCED 5 and 6 Total |
Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratio, Tertiary |
||||||||
Year |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Region |
||||||||||||
Arab States |
(*)20 |
(*)22 |
(*)22 |
(*)22 |
(*)22 |
(*)22 |
21 |
22 |
(*)22 |
(*)0.95 |
(*)1.00 |
(*)1.00 |
Central and Eastern Europe |
61 |
64 |
66 |
49 |
51 |
53 |
54 |
57 |
60 |
1.25 |
1.25 |
1.25 |
North America and Western Europe |
79 |
80 |
80 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
69 |
70 |
70 |
1.31 |
1.32 |
1.33 |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
4 |
(*)4 |
(*)4 |
6 |
(*)6 |
(*)6 |
5 |
(*)5 |
(*)5 |
0.61 |
(*)0.67 |
(*)0.67 |
Source:Available from http://stats.uis.unesco.org, UNESCO Institute of Statistics, Education (accessed on 29/07/2008).
Note:ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education.Two dots (..) indicate that data is not available.One asterisk (*) indicates that the figures are estimates from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics.Two asterisks (**) indicate that the figures are national estimates.
Table 4 Percentage of female students: pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary
A.Country data
Data (percentage) |
Percentage of female students, Total secondary, All programmes |
Percentage of female students, Pre-primary |
Percentage of female students, Primary |
Percentage of female students, Total tertiary |
||||||||
Year |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Country |
||||||||||||
Bahrain |
50 |
50 |
50 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
(*)63 |
68 |
68 |
Belgium |
48 |
48 |
48 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
54 |
54 |
55 |
Cameroon |
44 |
44 |
44 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
46 |
45 |
45 |
39 |
40 |
42 |
Canada |
48 |
.. |
.. |
49 |
.. |
.. |
49 |
.. |
.. |
56 |
.. |
.. |
Ecuador |
49 |
49 |
50 |
49 |
50 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
El Salvador |
50 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
54 |
55 |
55 |
Kyrgyzstan |
50 |
49 |
50 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
54 |
55 |
56 |
Madagascar |
.. |
(*)49 |
49 |
.. |
51 |
51 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
47 |
47 |
47 |
Mongolia |
53 |
52 |
52 |
51 |
52 |
52 |
49 |
49 |
50 |
62 |
61 |
61 |
Myanmar |
48 |
49 |
49 |
.. |
.. |
50 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Portugal |
51 |
51 |
51 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
56 |
56 |
55 |
Uruguay |
53 |
53 |
53 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
(*)66 |
63 |
62 |
B.Data aggregated by region
Data (percentage) |
Percentage of female students, Total secondary, All programmes |
Percentage of female students, Pre-primary |
Percentage of female students, Primary |
Percentage of female students, Total tertiary |
||||||||
Year |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Region |
||||||||||||
Arab States |
47 |
47 |
(*)47 |
46 |
46 |
(*)46 |
(*)47 |
(**)47 |
47 |
(*)48 |
(*)49 |
(*)49 |
Central and Eastern Europe |
48 |
48 |
48 |
47 |
48 |
48 |
(*)48 |
48 |
48 |
55 |
55 |
55 |
North America and Western Europe |
49 |
49 |
49 |
48 |
48 |
49 |
48 |
49 |
49 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
(*)44 |
(*)44 |
(*)44 |
(*)49 |
(*)49 |
(*)49 |
46 |
46 |
(*)47 |
38 |
(*)40 |
(*)40 |
Source:Available from http://stats.uis.unesco.org, UNESCO Institute of Statistics, Education (accessed on 29/07/2008).
Note:Two dots (..) indicate that data is not available.One asterisk (*) indicates that the figures are estimates from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics.Two asterisks (**) indicate that the figures are national estimates.
B.Country-specific reports: UNESCO initiatives and projects
Belgium
12.In 2007, three national fellowships were awarded to young women scientists pursuing doctoral research in Belgium under the UNESCO-L’OREAL Programme for Women in Science. In 2006, Christine Van Broeckhoven of Belgium was awarded, as laureate for Europe, the international UNESCO-L’OREAL award for women in science.
Cameroon
13.UNESCO has continued to expand its community multimedia centre programme throughout Cameroon. While the centres are not women specific, they give priority to women both in the personnel chosen to run the centres (at all decision-making levels) and in terms of programme content, which is oriented towards issues relevant to women’s empowerment and gender equality. Radio programmes cover a wide range of issues, from education for girls to literacy, reproductive health and HIV/AIDS prevention.
14.In 2007, UNESCO and the Sony Ericsson Women’s Tennis Association Tour formed the Global Partnership for Gender Equality and announced their intention to fund women’s leadership programmes in Cameroon, China, the Dominican Republic, India, Jordan and Liberia. In Cameroon, the partnership will work with a local non-governmental organization to form a group of influential women politicians, business leaders and athletes to promote gender equality and women’s leadership. Through the organization of various sporting events, workshops and fund-raising activities, this group of women leaders will aim to raise awareness around and promote gender equality.
15.In December 2007, the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and the Family published a “Manual for gender mainstreaming in the policy, programmes, and development projects in Cameroon”, with technical and financial support from UNESCO.
16.UNESCO is part of the Gender Equality Working Group in Cameroon, along with the European Union, the Canadian International Development Agency, the German Agency for Technical Cooperation, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Development Fund for Women, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa. As part of this group, UNESCO provided technical and financial support to an awareness-raising workshop on tools for a gendered approach to poverty reduction strategy papers, which was held in Yaoundé in March 2007.
17.In March 2006, in the context of celebrations for International Women’s Day, the UNESCO Division for Gender Equality organized an exhibition entitled “Femmes bâtisseuses d’Afrique”. The exhibition presented photographs, paintings and mosaics that paid tribute to women construction workers in conjunction with other collaborators in the fields of conservation, restoration and land settlement. It featured the work of three women artists from Cameroon, among others.
Canada
18.On the occasion of International Women’s Day 2007, UNESCO held an international round table on “Women Peacemakers”. The round table aimed to highlight women’s contributions to peacemaking around the world, and featured five exceptional women from different regions who are renowned for their achievements within the field of peacebuilding, conflict resolution and reconstruction. Among them was Senator Mobina Jaffer of British Columbia, Canada, who was appointed in 2002 by the Government of Canada as Special Envoy to the Peace Process in the Sudan. At the end of the round table, Senator Jaffer joined her fellow panellists in signing the “Women Peacemakers Statement” which can be accessed online at the UNESCO website (http://www.unesco.org).
19.Since 2003, 14 different national fellowships have been awarded to Canadian women scientists under the UNESCO-L’OREAL Programme for Women in Science.
Ecuador
20.In October 2007, university teachers and other professionals from Latin America and Spain came together to address peace, conflict resolution and gender issues in education at a congress on the theme “Co-education and culture of peace” in Loja, Ecuador. This annual forum is convened under the auspices of UNESCO by the Education and Gender Programme at the Metropolitan University of Educational Sciences.
Kyrgyzstan
21.In November 2007, the Ministry of Education of Kyrgyzstan and UNESCO organized a three-day workshop in Bishkek to promote gender-sensitivity innon-formal education. The workshop was attended by 30 educational specialists from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
22.UNESCO and its partners have helped to start community learning centres in five communities in Kyrgyzstan. The centres help women and men of the local community to improve their skills and knowledge in agriculture. The centres also conduct training in problem solving, decision-making and effective communication.
Mongolia
23.In 2008, a fellowship was awarded to a young Mongolian woman scientist under the UNESCO-L’OREAL Programme for Women in Science.
Myanmar
24.No data was available.
Portugal
25.There are 43 schools in Portugal participating in the UNESCO Associated Schools Projects Network, which was launched in 1953. In this context, the Escola E.B. 2.3 de Sever do Vouga in Portugal promotes gender equality through the annual organization of a day for women’s rights, where students present work on issues pertaining to women’s rights in home life, work and politics, often in the presence of guests of honour such as Catarina Furtado, Goodwill Ambassadress to the United Nations.
26.Since 2004, 13 national fellowships have been awarded to Portuguese women scientists under the UNESCO-L’OREAL Programme for Women in Science.
Slovenia
27.Since 2007, two national fellowships and one international fellowship were awarded to Slovenian women scientists under the UNESCO-L’OREAL Programme for Women in Science.
Uruguay
28.In May 2006, the UNESCO office in Montevideo, in association with the Ministry of Education and Culture, among others, held a conference on the theme “Science, water and gender” on the occasion of the Week of Science and Technology.
29.On the occasion of International Women’s Day 2004, the UNESCO office in Montevideo, in conjunction with the Department of Culture and the Commission on Gender Equality of the Municipality of Montevideo, held a photography contest on the theme “Cultural diversity and gender equality — equal opportunities and rights for women and men”. The opening of the exhibit was held during a ceremony on 8 March.
30.In 2004, the Education Sector of the UNESCO office in Montevideo collaborated with the gender and sexuality programme of the Iniciativa Latinoamericana to produce a gender-sensitive publication entitled Youth, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS in Uruguay : know to prevent.