COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILDFifty-third session11-29 January 2010

WRITTEN REPLIES BY THE GOVERNMENT of MONGOLIA TO THE LIST OF ISSUES (CRC/C/MNG/Q/3-4) PREPARED BY THE committee ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD IN CONNECTION with the CONSIDERATION OF THE THIRD AND fourth PERIODIC REPORTS OF MONGOLIA (CRC/C/MNG/3-4)*

[Received on 26 November 2009]

Acronyms

AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

CRCConvention of the Rights of the Child

CSECCommercial Sexual Exploitation of Child

ECPATEnd Child Prostitution, Child Pornography, and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes

GoMGovernment of Mongolia

HIVHuman Immunodeficiency Virus

ILOInternational Labour Organization

IPECInternational Programme for Elimination of Child Labour

MDGMillennium Development Goals

MOFMinistry of Finance

MOHMinistry of Health

MOECSMinistry of Education, Culture and Science

MOJHAMinistry of Justice and Home Affairs

MOSWL Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour

NACNational Authority for Children (formerly National Board for Children)

NHRCMNational Human Rights Commission of Mongolia

NFENon- Formal Education

NGONon-Governmental Organization

NPANational Programme of Action for the Development and Protection of Children

NSONational Statistical Office

UNUnited Nations

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

WHOWorld Health Organization

Glossary

AimagProvince

BaghAdministrative unit below soum

GerTraditional felt dwelling

KhorooAdministrative unit below district of Ulaanbaatar

SoumAdministrative unit below aimag

State Great HuralParliament

Tugruk (MNT)Mongolian Currency Unit ( by the exchange rate in October 15, 2009

1USD equals 1,435 MNT)

PART I

Reply to question 1 of Part I of the list of issues ( CRC/C/MNG/Q/ 3-4 )

In Mongolia, a status of a government agency is defined by its main task. Whereas a regulating agency is responsible for defining a sector policy framework and enforcing laws and other legal acts through monitoring and evaluation, an implementing agency is obliged to implement the sector policy. The implementation agencies carry out their activities through their local branches or contracting out the social services to public and private entities as well as NGOs.

The Government of Mongolia formed as a result of the fifth election for the Parliament has 12 regulating (steering) agencies and 30 implementation agencies. Pursuant to Resolution No. 68 of the Government, the National Authority for Children (NAC) is an implementing agency. The full implementation of the CRC requires multi-sectoral cooperation and integration. With a current status, NAC encounters limitations in the involvement of designing and monitoring sectoral policies which affect children’s lives. Thus, the NAC foresees that a shift to a regulating agency status would allow the agency to coordinate united policy decisions on children’s issues among sectoral ministries and agencies and monitor their implementation. In addition, the Agency would increase its authority to undertake performance evaluations on the implementation of policies and make recommendations for future improvements of their activities designed for children and families.

Reply to question 2 of Part I of the list of issues

Pursuant to the Law on Human Rights National Committee, a Mongolian citizen has a right to lodge a complaint to the Committee if he or she considers that his or her rights entitled by the Constitution and other laws and international treaties are violated. This Law states that children with partial legal capacity or without such capacity can lodge their complaints through their parents or legal guardians. In the present years, the number of complaints on child rights violations has a tendency to rise. The Committee received 4 complaints on such violations in 2007, 9 complaints in 2008 and 13 complaints in 2009. The most of the complaints was related to child rights violations occurred during criminal investigation procedures. Adoption, child aliment payments and care arrangements for children whose parentsimprisoned were also covered in the complaints. A human rights commissioner has a right to review and resolve received complaints through the following procedures: 1) assessing the case based on the information collected from relevant entities and authorities; 2) releasing a requisition letter asking for actions to eliminate or mitigate the situations causing child rights violations; 3) facilitating reconciliation between two parties; 4) counseling or 5) referring the case to other relevant authority.

Furthermore,government and non-government organizations receive and resolve the complaints from children, parents and other bodies. Police, defense lawyers, and agencies specialized in child rights and child protections resolve the complaints in accordance with law. Some agencies receive the complaints through online, hotline and post mail.

In 2009, the NAC received 35 complaints related child protection. 50 percent of them were on child abuse, 30 percent were on neglect, 20 percent were on child labour and exploitation. 35 percent of complaints were fully resolved; 10 percent are in a process of resolution; and 55 percent of them require more time and resources. From the complaints, 10 complaints came to a hotline, 5 received online and 20 complaints were in a written form. Some local governments are introducing a multidisciplinary team approach in resolving complaints from children, parents and relevant authorities.

Reply to question 3 of Part I of the list of issues

TheGovernment of Mongolia is expanding its collaboration with civil society for the implementation of the Program. The 2008 evaluation report on the implementation of the Law Fighting against Domestic Violence found the following outcomes:

The Government Action Plan includes the objectives on raising public awareness on negative impacts of child abuse in a family, involving a society in large in prevention from violence, providing immediate assistance to child victims of violence; improving parenting skills and knowledge on positive disciplining. The Government considers that improved partnerships at all levels can trigger the accomplishments of these objectives.

Systematic undertakings are carried out for building capacities of relevant agencies and human resources, introducing research and assessment tools and regularize advocacy activities targeting communities.

New services such as Family FM, a family studies department and community based family centres are operating.

Reply to question 4 of Part I of the list of issues

Since 2007, a project for amending the Family Code is taking a place. The Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs is leading this initiative. A working group in this Ministry has accomplished several tasks including the collection of and analysis comments from relevant stakeholders, development and discussion of a concept paper and study on international experiences in this matter. The Government is planning to discuss a draft law and submit to the Parliament this year.

The following amendments related children’s rights are proposed:

Amend definitions of family and family environment;

Increase the responsibility and accountability of family members for the child;

Make parents responsible for protecting their children from abuse, violence, neglect and exploitation;

Strengthen child protection through the development of alternative care services including foster, kinship care and group home and assigning a temporary custodian for children whose parents are abroad having temporary employment and other children who are not living with their parents for some reasons for some time.

Ban corporal punishment in the family;

Include more clear provisions on intercountry adoptions in consistent with international treaties;

Refine regulations on domestic adoptions to protect children from trafficking;

Protect the right of the child to access secure economic condition upon a parents’ divorce or death .

Reply to q uestion 5 of Part I of the list of issues

In 2008, a working group formed by the Deputy Prime Minister’s Directive took monitoring at institutions for orphans. The care institutions operating in Ulaanbaatar were inspected by the directive of the Chairman of the National Office for Professional Inspection in 2008. The Ministry of Social Welfare and National Agency on Standardization and Measurement developed the “Standards on child care and protection services” MNS 5852:2008 and it has been effective since January 1, 2009. Recently, the implementation of the standards was monitored by this Ministry. Based on the monitoring reports, it is concluded that the quality of residential care services and a tracking system of children’s whereabouts have been improved since 2007 inspection. However, the quality varies among institutions

The number of children in residential care institutions is decreasing. However, the development of alternative care and family reunification and rehabilitation services is requiring more considerable attention. The Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour has launched a working group to study on types and needs of alternative care. The development of the standards and a Handbook for Service Providers on Alternative Care and legal amendment proposal for introducing this form of child welfare services are expected from the working group.

Reply to q uestion 6 of Part I of the list of issues

The Action Plan of the Government for 2008-2012 has set up the following special objectives for disabled people:

Expand healthcare, treatment and service types for disabled persons meeting their special needs;

Increase opportunities for disabled persons to live in comfort and develop their skills, create a social environment where their rights are respected and build an infrastructure that provides conditions and opportunity to take part in social life on the equal basis as other citizens.

To apply these objectives for disabled children, the following actions are prioritized:

Develop the integrated database on disabled children;

Raise the awareness of the society on the disabled children’s limitations so that a better understanding and acceptance are guaranteed at communities;

Introduce special services to meet their special needs.

The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Social Welfare and National Statistical Office collaborated on the research project “Mapping on Situations of Disabled Children. Based on the findings of the research they released policy recommendations for disabled children.

With the support of the Asian Development Bank and under its Education Development Programme II, retraining of special education teachers was carried out in 2005 and 2006. This training was a first ever effort to retrain special education teachers. The modern tendencies and most updated teaching and learning approaches in special education were introduced. Teaching resources including books and handbooks were distributed. 270 people attended this training.

Curriculum on working with disabled children was developed and introduced at teacher training departments of universities. The curriculum will cover 32 hours of teaching time.

With the support of SIDA, the Swiss Agency for Development, Ministry of Education and Association of Parents with Disabled Children developed a handbook “A Family Info”. This Handbook includes useful references on laws related to disabled people and contact info of agencies providing social services for disabled children. School No 29 in Ulaanbaatar specialized in special education for children with hearing impairments expanded its capacity to serve more children from rural communities because boarding facilities of school are significantly improved. The Ministry of Education and World Vision International supported the construction of a new school dormitory with 130 beds.

The Government is revising the budget expenditure esmitimations on the variable costs for disabled children based on the amendment to the Law on Eduction. A new provison allows to allocate more resources for the disabled child.

For promoting the rights of disabled children to participation and association, a variety of activities have been undertaken at national and local levels. The National Forum for Disabled Children has been convened every year since 2006 allowing them to bring their voice to the public and decision makers. The State Agency on Labour and Welfare Services organized the training “Hope for Life involving 140 disabled children living in difficult circumstances. Arkhangai, Dundgobi, Uvs, Uvurkahgai, Bulgan, Bayan-Ulgii and Gobi-Altai provinces organized regional and local forums for disabled children, provided them with the opportunities to get health checkups or disability equipments, involved in life skills training or summer camps, art and sports competitions and home schooling. Parents of disabled children participated in parenting education training. Daycare services became available for some young children. Darkhan Uul, Orkhon, Bayan-Ulgii, Sukhbaatar, Uvs, Umnugobi and Khovd provinces reconstructed some buildings in their summer camp facilities for children with cerebral palsy. In Ulaanbaatar, the Kindergarten No.10 for children with cerebral palsy is being renovated and expanded.

Reply to q uestion 7 of Part I of the list of issues

The Resolution No. 280 of the Government of Mongolia in 2007 enacted the “ Procedure on Financial Support from the State Fund for the Creation of Art and Literature for Children’” serves as an important tool for providing art education for young generations. In 2008, the state budget for supporting public libraries was increased 2.2 times. With the financial support from the State Fund all secondary schools in the country received a set for music education curriculam. The Set consists of CDs and textbooks which contain 135 pieces of classical music and biographies of the wellknown composers from the World and Mongolia. The Second National Contest for the best drama and movie products was held in 2008. Drama, musical and puppet plays and movies and cartoons for children were presented in the contest.

The first ever ProfessionalSportsSchool was established in 2008. This is a state funded school to prepare sportsmen and sportswomen in 15 different types of sports including judo wrestling, box, free style wrestling and etc.

The Ministry of Education allocated 135 million MNT ( 94,000 US$) for 29 secondary schools which demonstrated their high commitment for provideing afterschool or leisure time actvities for their students.

Reply to q uestion 8 of Part I of the list of issues

Ensuring the access to education for herders children is a unigue issue in Mongolia. Children of nomad families have to leave their homes for nine months a year to study at school. So, a school dormitory is their second home. With the support from the UNICEF, the Ministry of Education conducted a national assessment on school dormitories in 2007. Based on the findings of the Study, the dormitory standards and a job description of a dormintory teacher were developed. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health jointly approved these documents by their joint resolution Nos. 84/43 of 2008. A five-day training was provided involving 500 dormitory teachers and 600 school social workers. A Handbook for School Social Workers was developed and distributed to all school with dormitories. 21 school dormitories were renovated by the support of World Bank . UNICEF assisted in reconstructing dorm rooms for accommanding 6 year old students in 22 dormitories.

Another factor affecting the dropout rates is teachers low professional competencies and ethical mistakes. Thus, the Ministry of Education undertakes a variety of activities to improve teachers professional commitment and competencies. Retraining of teachers is taking different forms. The Teachers Code of Ethics is developed and enforced. The Government Resolution 316 in 2008 supports the implementation of the “National Programme for Training and Retraining of Preschool, Primary and Secondary Schools Teachers”. The main goal of the Program is to promote in-service training for teachers.

In 2008, the Ministry of Education released its Resolution No. 309 titled “ Main strategies for ensuring full coverage of basic education for children of approriate ages"which is aimed at decreasing school dropout rates affecting mostly the children of basic school ages. The Resolution addresses the issues related to child labour and family and community support for the education of children. In 2007-2008 school year, 54.4 percent of school dropout children were involved in alternative forms of schooling and this percent was increased to 67.4 percent in 2008-2009 school year.

Reply to q uestion 9 of Part I of the list of issues

The Government aims to eliminate child labor in the mining sector by 2015. In 2008, the Government approved a Subprogram for Developing Small-scale Mining. The Resolution supporting this Subprogramme gives local authorities the responsibility of removing children from mining and providing them with social services. In January 2009 in response to the global economic crisis, the Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour, the Confederation of Mongolian Trade Unions, and the Mongolian Employers Federation signed a MOU, which creates a social partnership to prevent the use of child labor as a means of cheap labor. The Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture and Food jointly released an action plan to eliminate child labour in agriculture.

Reply to q uestion 10 of Part I of the list of issues

The Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour and General Police Department are responsible for developing policies to provide services for street children. The Law on Crime Prevention, Law on Protecting Children’s Rights, Law on Temporarily Holding Up Unsupervised Children, Law on Police and 2009 Resolution No. 29 of the Minister of Social Welfare and Labour are key policy documents for dealing with street children.

The Child Welfare and Protection Center run by the Ulaanbaatar Municipality Police Department is responsible for locating and registering street children. The Police organize operations to locate street children. They bring unsupervised children to the Centre. Then identify their address and take to their homes. If the address is not identified children are referred to the State Training and Life Skills Centre or care institutions run by faith based organizations or NGOs. The NAC and Police Department cooperate in assessing the situations of unsupervised, runaway, abandoned or homeless children, and identifying their address; improve the conditions of the Child Welfare and Protection Center; and strengthening capacities of officers working for street children.

Table 1

The number of street children located by Ulaanbaatar Municipality Police Department

Indicators	2006	2007	2008
Total number of operations to locate street children	45	43	47
Number of located children	1128	1158	1041

Source : General Police Department

The new provision in 2008 amendment of theSocial Welfare Law allows the monthly payment of 24,000 MNT (US $22) for families who foster an abused or neglected child is showing the Government commitment to introduce foster care and family reunification services for taking care of street children.

Reply to q uestion 11 of Part I of the list of issues

Incarcerated children are provided with the opportunity to get secondary and continuing education. They can attend vocational education training on cooking, bakery, sewing and carpentry. By September, 2009, juvenile inspectors involved 86 at risk children in informal education programs and 45 children in vocational training. Some police departments provide psychological counselling.

In 2007-2009, regional training events were held 3 times. Juvenile inspectors, khoroo and soum police officers and law enforcement officers attended the trainings “Child rights”, and “Juvenile justice”. A handbook for justice workers was developed and distiributed. The Handbook covers topics such as child development physology, CRC and other UN documents on juvenile justice, specifics of juvenile crime investigation, roles of prosecutors and defense lawyers and alternative forms of criminal accountabilities.The General Police Department includes the CRC in their staff training curriculam. The challenges and solutions in juvenile justice were discussed by juvenile inspectors, khoroo and soum police officers and law enforcement officers the at the national conference “Child rights and issues” in 2008.

Reply to q uestion 1 2 of Part I of the list of issues

The Government of Mongolia regards the following child-related issues as being of a high priority and includes in its Action Plan for 2008-2012:

Improve life quality substantially by creating favorable social environment for human development and population expansion on the basis of conducting a policy on family support, increase of middle-income population and creation of conditions for everyone to be healthy, educated, employed and able to generate income

Implement and enforce in full the Convention of the Rights of the Child, to which Mongolia is a party;

Protect the rights of homeless children, orphans and children with one parent, children left without supervision by putting them in state care, and develop services aimed at creating conditions for their upbringing in a family environment;

Eliminate intolerable forms of child labor, such as trafficking of, forced labor in dangerous conditions, sexual exploitation of children and their exploitation in other illegal activities;

Promote children’s actual involvement in policy making and decision making with regard to children’s affairs;

Cooperate with the government of a particular country and international organizations based there in ensuring the right of Mongolian nationals and their children residing abroad to receive education and live in a safe environment; Improve the arrangement and management of welfare services and pursue a policy of engaging the private sector and civil society;

Modify the methodology to determine the living standard rate, create a map showing poverty-affected areas and establish a consolidated register and database of social welfare;

Formulate and implement the “National Programme on Family Development Support” to promote household needs, capacity and initiatives;

Pursue a policy of protecting low-income citizens and the most vulnerable part of the population from price increases and provide them with food and other direct necessary aid;

Increase opportunities for disabled persons to live in comfort and develop their skills, create a social environment where their rights are respected and build an infrastructure that provides conditions and opportunity to take part in social life on the equal basis as other citizens;

Support in all aspects initiatives by households, businesses and organizations aimed at promoting a healthy way of life among children and the youth, keep them away from any kind of harmful and unhealthy habits;

Jointly with NGOs and private sector, bring the services provided to children and women living under hard conditions in line with the professional level and standard requirements;

Create conditions that are conducive to family durability, respect for customs and traditions, nature protection, skills development, a safe environment for children to grow fit and healthy, as well as to raising children into creative and responsible persons who are eager to learn and are masters of their fate;

Promote the creation of an environment that enables parents to grow healthy children and give them proper education and upbringing;

Develop new types of services aimed at educating and advising on upholding the values and ethics of relations within a family which is the primary unit of the society ;

Pursue a policy aimed at ensuring that until the age of six children grow and receive a good upbringing in a family or in an environment commensurate with it ;

Increase the quality and accessibility of social welfare services and modify their types and forms;

Ensure that a social welfare policy is consistent with interests of the entire population and enhance the methodology and arrangements for ensuring that special programmes and measures cover target groups appropriately ;

Upgrade the form of healthcare education for population, in particular for teenagers and youth, create mobile medical unit system in rural areas, and increase the possibility to prevent diseases and diagnose them at earliest stage ;

Renovate urgent medical aid system, create a national aid network and improve urgent medical aid access for rural population living in remote areas;

Pursue the principle of having a healthy baby being a healthy mother in all stages of medical service and reduce the sickness and mortality rate among mothers and children;

Prevent sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection and AIDS risk and keep the present rate of HIV infection and AIDS spread;

Set up ger-type kindergartens in every bagh and enroll 70% of pre-school children in the kindergartens by 2012 through offering differential training programs and forms;

Decrease shift numbers at secondary schools and increase number of dormitories ;

Increase the quality and accessibility of social welfare services and modify their types and forms;

Ensure that a social welfare policy is consistent with interests of the entire population and enhance the methodology and arrangements for ensuring that special programmes and measures cover target groups appropriately;

Grant a one-time welfare of 300 thousand MNT to a family with a third new-born baby, 500 thousand MNT to mothers having the second grade of the Mother’s Honor Order and one mln. MNT to mothers having the first grade of the Mother’s Honor Order;

PART II

New bills or enacted legislation related to children’s lives

2009:

Law on Vocational Education and Training /amended

Law on Amnesty

2008:

Law on Population and House Census;

Law on Building Construction \amended\

Law on Occupational safety and hygiene

Preschool Education Law

Urban Development /amended/

Law on 2009 budget of Mongolia Development Fund

Law on Amendments in Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law

New institutions

A new regulating agency, the Committee on National Development and Reforms was commenced as a part of a new Government in 2008. The National Centre of Civil Registration, Immobile Assets Registration Office and Transportation Vehicles Registration Office were united to an implementing agency as General Office of State Registration. The Agency on Coordinating and Monitoring Unfair Competitions was renamed as an Office for Customers for Coordinating Competitions. The Immigration and Naturalizing Unit was promoted to the implementing agency.

Newly implemented policies

The State Great Hural enacted the MDG - based long-term National Development Strategy January 31, 2008. This Strategy has included comprehensive policy objectives to promote family and child development.

The Government Resolution No. 261 dated June 25, 2008 amended the Procedure on a Fund for Children and renewed its board members. As a result of this change, the Fund can finance some projects and programmes for child development and protection; provide direct assistance to children in some exceptional cases and support some activities of child-led NGOs. In addition, pursuant to the new amendment, the State will allocate some parts of its funding.

The Government Resolution No. 284 dated July 09, 2008 enacted the Third Phase of NPA on Child Development and Protection /2002-2010/.

The Government Resolution No. 85 dated April, 2008 increased the normative cost of meals provided in preschools. It means the Government pays 1100 MNT (about 0.9 USD), for meals for a child in a preschool with 8-10 hours of a workday and 1600 MNT (1.2 USD) - in a 24 hour preschool.

In the framework of the implementation of the child friendly legal reforms, juveniles who were involved in the riot of July 01, 2008 were avoided from a criminal liability. Court released 23 children. 11 children were covered by the President’s Amnesty Act.

The National Council for Children chaired by the Prime Minister discussed at its meetings the Advocacy Strategy for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labour /2007-2011/, Action Plans for Improving the Situations of At-Risk Children /2007-2008\, the Outcomes and Future Lessons from the Campaign” Meaning of Being a Person” and Measures to Prevent Children from Crime. The resolutions were released upon the discussions.

Newly implemented programmes and projects and their scope

With the support of the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security, a project entitled “Comprehensive Community Services to Improve Human Security for the Rural Disadvantaged Populations in Mongolia ( 2009-2011)” is been implemented by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations Development Programme.

With the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Government of Mongolia has started an 18-month Stand-By Arrangement in an amount equivalent to about US$229.2 million to support the country's economic stabilization program me . The Programme aims to restore macroeconomic stability through fiscal, monetary and financial sector policies; and to protect the poor from the burden of the needed adjustment. In collaboration with the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank, the Programme is planning to design an overhaul of the existing untargeted system of social transfer programs. For this purpose, the Programme Office submitted a proposal for amending a set of social welfare laws including the Law on Social Welfare, Law on Social Welfare for Disabled People, Law on Monetary Allowance for Families and Children and Law on Allowance for Mothers and Infants. The Programme states that it is important to improve the system of social transfers through better targeting, ensuring that the very poorest households are more fully protected, while conserving fiscal resources. However, the Government of Mongolia is waiting to introduce this proposal to reduce the number of recipients of social allowances. The Government considers that reducing the income of population during the economic recession could negatively affect households’ livelihood. In addition, the Government considers that its policy on distributing the resources gained from strategically important mining sites should be integrated with the changes in the social transfers system .

The Committee on National Development and Reforms designed the Main Directions of Social and Economic Development of Mongolia in 2009-2010 and submitted to the Parliament for a discussion. In addition to this document, the Priority Strategies of Social and Economic Development in 2009-2010 will be discussed this autumn too. This Medium term Strategy has a chapter Family and Child Development. The Chapter has defined two objectives. A first objective is to create a favorable reproductive environment for a Mongolian family where a healthy genetic fund is guaranteed and the child is born healthy; and to improve a legal environment for children and families. A second objective is to support the Mongolian values on a family, culture and traditional customs. To implement this Strategy, the following tasks are planned:

- Improve laws and policy documents on family and children’s matters

- D evelop programs to promote family and child development

- C ombat against any kind of violence in the family

- I mprove a legal environment for child protection system

- P ay constant attention to parenting education

- P revent from intellectual poverty.

PART III

Data and statistics, if available

Please provide disaggregated statistical data (by sex, age groups, ethnic groups, urban and rural areas) covering the years 2006-2008 on the number and percentage of children under 18 living in Mongolia.

Table 2

Number and percentage of children under 18 living in Mongolia (by sex and age groups) covering the years 2006-2008

Age	2006	2007	2008
Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
0	44416	22543	21873	52474	26627	25847	58823	29982	28841
1	40989	20637	20352	45629	23349	22280	52552	26725	25827
2	42170	21100	21070	43411	21891	21520	46141	23528	22613
3	43466	21895	21571	44324	22219	22105	44184	22293	21891
4	45356	22955	22401	45513	22910	22603	44091	22128	21963
5	46687	23530	23157	47801	24147	23654	45355	22943	22412
6	47185	23817	23368	48127	24177	23950	47183	23895	23288
7	49604	25140	24464	48492	24540	23952	47425	23801	23624
8	49565	25030	24535	50323	25502	24821	48426	24295	24131
9	49794	25111	24683	50426	25462	24964	50121	25439	24682
10	52724	26618	26106	50679	25569	25110	49990	25166	24824
11	54079	27040	27039	52820	26688	26132	49909	25275	24634
12	55309	27846	27463	54493	27351	27142	52253	26449	25804
13	54202	27057	27145	55455	27835	27620	53679	27020	26659
14	59232	29685	29547	53878	27170	26708	54304	27379	26925
15	62472	31240	31232	58660	29603	29057	52116	26372	25744
16	64226	32096	32130	62221	30935	31286	58140	29474	28666
17	63280	31205	32075	63868	31713	32155	61850	30981	30869
18	59608	29179	30429	61181	29881	31300	62246	30826	31420
0-18	984364	493724	490640	989775	497569	492206	978788	493971	484817

Source: National Statistics Office, 2009

In light of article 4 of the Convention, kindly indicate the respective budgetary allocations including their territorial coverage by provinces (aimags) and their trends (in percentages of the national and regional budgets) for the years 2007, 2008 and 2009 for the sectors of health, education, social protection, as well as for the relevant institutions dealing with children. Please explain the decrease in budget allocations to the health sector.

Table 3

The Government of Mongolia budgetary allocations for children for the years 2007-2010 in thousand MNT (exchange rate- a 1US$ equals 1430 MNT by October 15, 2009)

Types of expenditures	2007	2008	2009	2010 \proposed budget
1. Expenditures on education	168,281,430.7	268,284,310.0	272,512,182.5	301,516,641.7
1.1.Preschool	40,349,151.6	63,194,239.7	66,091,236.8	79,880,555.0
1.2.General secondary school	127,932,279.1	205,090,070.3	206,420,945.7	221,636,086.7
2. Coverage of health insurance for children	5,760,000.0	5,790,000.0	6,276,000.0	6,276,000.0
3. Expenditures on art, culture and leisure time activities	2,555,750.8	3,630,562.3	3,409,886.8	4,102,530.9
3.1.International children’s centre	996,879.2	1,541,890.2	1,448,936.2	1,570,575.5
3.2.Mongolian Children’s Palace	467,743.3	463,768.2	411,323.4	447,494.0
3.3.Children’s Art Creation Centre	224,563.1	329,582.0	245,525.4	311,377.7
3.4.State Orphanage	425,377.1	739,540.7	762,650.9	846,797.9
3.5. Children’s BookPalace	329,145.8	397,828.9	353,404.6	366,539.0
3.6.State Puppet Theatre	112,042.3	157,952.3	150,832.5	155,670.3
3.7. Temuujin Theatre	-	-	-	156,862.7
3.8.Fund for Children	-	-	37,213.8	247,213.8
4. Welfare services for mothers and children	24,217,437.3	26,624,137.9	31,028,560.0	38,861,550.0
4.1.Allowance for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers	14,235,917.9	15,753,608.0	13,600,900.0	17,674,630.0
4.2.Аallowance for mothers a medal for Honored Mother	8,496,921.9	8,433,557.0	11,625,000.0	9,025,000.0
4.3. Allowance for child care in a family and allowance for families with more than 4 children	1,484,587.5	2,436,972.9	5,803,560.0	12,161,920.0
5. Child money allowance	134,292,389.9	135,142,693.6	148,756,000.0	149,256,000.0
5.1.Allowance for a newborn baby	5,769,300.0	6,381,500.0	6,500,000.0	7,000,000.0
5.2.Monthly allowance for every child	33,323,089.9	32,761,193.6	37,656,000.0	45,801,878.0
5.3.Quarterly allowance for every child	95,200,000.0	96,000,000.0	104,600,000.0	96,454,122.0
6. Operational costs for departments for children	1,309,836.6	2,022,276.1	2,270,515.6	2,497,567.0
Total expenditures	336,416,845.3	441,493,979.9	464,253,144.9	502,510,289.6

Source: Ministry of Finance, 2009

Table 4

Operational costs for departments for children at local and national level

Provincial children’s departments	2007	2008	2 0 0 9/ planned budget
Arkhangai Department for Children	46,231,155.0	81,485,757.0	81,185,000.0
Bayan-Ulgii Department for Children	25,785,300.0	53,893,400.0	48,291,300.0
Bayankhongor Department for Children	19,280,473.7	39,465,144.0	35,757,000.0
Bulgan Department for Children	40,969,608.4	57,530,548.0	46,538,800.0
Govi-Altai Department for Children	35,288,937.0	94,961,312.0	194,434,900.0
Dorno-Govi Department for Children	78,777,350.9	93,809,525.8	78,424,500.0
Dornod Department for Children	48,642,893.0	83,854,298.0	78,109,800.0
Dundgovi Department for Children	70,239,400.0	94,886,600.0	83,991,500.0
Zavkhan Department for Children	52,219,033.0	79,254,853.2	67,360,100.0
Uvurkhangai Department for Children	51,781,900.0	73,212,900.0	65,860,700.0
Umnugovi Department for Children	14,991,238.0	26,764,875.0	29,907,000.0
Sukhbaatar Department for Children	50,109,358.0	73,829,675.0	63,741,600.0
Selenge Department for Children	30,431,361.0	81,058,498.0	73,651,900.0
Tuv Department for Children	35,557,239.0	47,916,069.0	41,080,000.0
Uvs Department for Children	37,799,997.0	64,204,078.0	59,876,700.0
Khovd Department for Children	73,358,378.0	193,568,875.0	151,586,900.0
Khuvsgul Department for Children	63,323,300.0	79,710,350.0	74,608,000.0
Khentii Department for Children	24,315,750.0	40,853,400.0	37,746,900.0
Darkhan-Uul Department for Children	64,564,466.0	132,996,621.5	107,186,900.0
Orkhon Department for Children	47,408,349.0	79,104,832.0	69,778,700.0
Govisumber Department for Children	21,879,684.0	35,374,343.0	32,168,700.0
Total for local departments ( in thousands )	940,194.9	1,611,116.0	1,786,052.9
22.Ulaanbaatar City Municipality Authority for Children	148,364,100.0	148,335,100.0	233,331,600.0
23.National Authority for Children	221,279,600.0	262,825,000.0	251,132,000.0
State Total ( in thousands )	1,309,836.6	2,022,276.1	2,270,515.6

Source: National Statistics Office, 2009

Please provide disaggregated statistical data (by sex, age groups, ethnic groups, urban and rural areas) covering the years 2006, 2007 and 2008:

Rates of maternal and infant mortality (under 5 and neonatal)

Table 5

Rates of maternal and infant mortality (under 5 and neonatal 2006-2008 )

Indicators	2006	2007	2008
Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births	19.1	17.6	19.4
Under 5 mortality rate per 1000 live births	23.2	21.7	23.2
Maternal mortality (100 000 live births)	67.2	88.3	48.6
Infant mortality	1240	994	937
Of which:
Male	731	547	502
Female	509	447	435
Under 5 mortality	1139	1231	1480
Number of maternal deaths	30	50	31
Source : Government Implementing Agency Health Authority

Rates of immunization

Table 6

Vaccination coverage for children under 1 year

Vaccination	2006	2007	2008
Tuberculosis immunization coverage	98.2	98.6	98.5
Polio immunization coverage	98.3	98.7	95.3
Immunization coverage for DPT	99.0	98.6	96.0
Measles immunization coverage	98.9	98.4	96.9
Hepatitis B immunization coverage	98.5	98.0	97.0
Source: Health Authority, Government implementation agency

Rates of malnutrition

Number of deaths by accidents (in particular, traffic accidents)

Table 7

Number of child deaths by accidents

Age groups	2006	2007	2008
0-1	59	75	87
1-4	72	72	95
5-9	44	51	55
Source: Health Authority, Government implementation agency

Table 8

Number of deaths by traffic accidents

Age groups	2006	2007	2008
0-7	4	4	2
7-14	9	3	7
15-18	3	2	3
Total	16	9	12
Of which: male	9	6	7

Source: Health Authority, Government implementation agency

Suicide rates

Table 9

Number of deaths caused by suicide and other undetermined reasons

Indicators	2006	2007	2008
Total number of suicide cases	1203	1739	1131
Of which:Children under 18	No data is available*	107	111
Percentage of child suicide cases		6.2%	9.8%

Source: General Police Department

* Before 2007, the data were not dis aggr egrated to child cases

Please provide disaggregated data for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008 (by age, sex, professional activity) on the number of persons below eighteen involved in child labour, formal and informal sectors.

Table 10

The number of persons below eighteen involved in child labour

Age	Indicators	Urban	Rural
Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
5-9	18116	10332	7784	964	388	576	17152	9943	7209
10-14	25016	14929	10087	2559	1382	1177	22457	13548	8909
15-17	28198	17776	10421	4052	2561	1491	24146	15215	8931
5-17	71330	43037	28292	7575	4331	3244	63755	38706	25049
Source: Study on Child Labour, 2006-2007

With reference to child abuse, please provide disaggregated data (by age, sex, and types of violations reported) for the years 2006-2008 on the cases of child abuse reported, the number and percentage which have resulted in either a court decision or other types of follow-up, and the number and proportion of victims who have received counselling and assistance for recovery.

Table 11

The number of children injured or died in crime

Indicators	2006	2007	2008
Total number of investigated cases	238	1052	1080
Injured	219	969	935
Deaths	19	83	145

Source: General Police Department

In 2008, 25 cases of child abuse were reported. Of which, 10 children were sexually abused; 11 children were physically abused; 4 children were emotionally abused.

With reference to the right to education, please provide disaggregated statistical data (by sex, age groups, ethnic groups, urban and rural areas) covering the years 2006, 2007 and 2008 in percentage of the relevant age group on the:

(a)Rate of functional literacy, below 18 years

(b)Percentage of children completing primary and secondary education

Table 12

Number of children completing primary and secondary education 2005-2008

	2005-2006	2006-2007	2007-2008
Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Primary education ( 1-5)	57095	27593	29502	54699	27131	27568	45927	23255	22672
Basic education (6-90	58865	28458	30407	56355	27549	28806	51391	25191	26200
Secondary education ( 10-12)	41500	18723	22777	43501	19661	23840	44828	20317	24511
Total	157460	74774	82686	154555	74341	80214	142146	68763	73383

Source: Ministry of Education

(d)Ratio teacher per children and number of children per class

Table 13

Ratio teacher per children

Indicators	2006-2007	2007-2008	2008-2009
Secondary school	23.7	22.5	20.8
Primary	31.6	30.9	30.4
Kindergarten	25.3	25.3	30.8

Source: Ministry of Education

Table 14

Number of children per class

	2006-2007	2007-2008	2008-2009
Secondary school	32.3	30.8	30.2
Preschool education	30.5	32.5	29.5

Source: Ministry of Education

Please provide available disaggregated data on children (including by sex, age groups, and crime) for the years 2006-2008, in particular on:

Persons under the age of 18 who have allegedly committed a crime, reported to the police

Table 15

Persons under the age of 18 who have allegedly committed a crime, reported to the police

Indicator	Years	Total
2006	2007	2008
Persons under the age of 18 who have allegedly committed a crime, reported to the police	1555	1437	1080	4072

Source: General Police Department

Persons under the age of 18 who have been sentenced, and type of punishment or sanctions related to offences, including length of deprivation of liberty

Table 16

The number of persons under the age of 18 who have been sentenced, and type of punishment or sanctions

Indicators	Years	Total
2006	2007	2008
Persons under the age of 18 who have been sentenced	727	963	547	2237
Types of punishment or sanctions	Fine	5	13	6	24
Forced labour	50	18	15	83
Arrest	39	38	21	98
Sentenced to incarceration	690	884	505	2079
Incarcerated	146	190	97	433
Diversion	418	635	447	1500

Source: General Police Department

Detention facilities for persons under the age of 18 and these facilities’ capacity

Male juveniles sentenced with incarceration are held in a juvenile detention centre. Female juveniles are held in a special compound of a women’s detention centre. Both facilities are near Ulaanbaatar. The Juvenile Detention Centre has capacity to hold 80-100 adolescents whereas a girl’s compound can accommodate 10 girls.

Juveniles who are in a criminal investigation process are held in 24 pretrial detention centres across the country. The capacities of the detention centres at provinces differ from 3 to 40 places for juvenile offenders. In any of these pretrial detention centres juveniles are held separately from adults. The length of deprivation of liberty of juveniles in pretrial detention centres vary from two weeks to 8 months.

Persons under the age of 18 detained in these facilities and the number of persons under the age of 18 detained in adult facilities

Table 17

The number of persons under the age of 18 detained in these facilities

Indicators	2006	2007	208	Total
The number of persons under the age of 18 detained in these facilities	105	71	73	249

Source: General Police Department

The General Authority for Law Enforcement reports that 11 persons under 18 years old are in a detention centre for juveniles and 26 underage persons are in pretrial detention facilities by November 2009.

Reported cases of abuse and maltreatment of persons under the age of 18 occurring during their arrest and detention.

Pursuant to data from the Pre-trial Detention Centre of Ulaanbaatar Police Department no cases of abuse and maltreatment of persons under the age of 18 occurring during their arrest and detention are reported in 2006-2008. However, the Human Rights National Commission of Mongolia had received several complaints on abuse and maltreatment occurred during arrest and pretrial detention. The most cases were related to an investigation process. There were cases of demanding children to admit a quilt for uncommitted crime and conducting an interview without a defense lawyer. The Commission has received one similar compliant in 2009.

With reference to children deprived of a family environment and separated from parents, please provide disaggregated data (by sex; age groups; urban, rural and remote areas) for the years 2006-2008 on the number of children:

(a) Separated from their parents

(b) Placed in institutions

Table 18

Number of institutions and children in institutions

Indicators	2007	2008	2009
Number of institutions	48	46	43
Number of children in institutions	1494	1460	1206

In 2009, 12 agencies received a permit to run day-care services.

(c) In foster care

(c) Adopted domestically or through intercountry adoptions

Table 19

Number of adopted children disaggregated by age groups and rural or urban residency

Ages	2006	2007	2008
Total	Urban	Rural	Total	Urban	Rural	Total	Urban	Rural
0-3	748	288	460	849	395	454	939	460	479
3-6	450	197	253	612	345	267	710	459	251
7-9	294	155	139	479	319	160	331	212	119
7-18	553	358	195	529	312	217	426	298	128
Total	2045	998	1047	2469	1371	1098	2406	1429	977

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