Mr. Mahmoud ABOUL-NASR

(Egypt)

Mr. Taher AL-HUSSAMI

(Syrian Arab Republic)

Mr. Noureddine AMIR

(Algeria)

Mr. Guillermo CASTRO HERRERA

(Panama)

Mr. Régis de GOUTTES

(France)

Mr. Riyadh Aziz HADI

(Iraq)

Mr. Morten KJAERUM

(Denmark)

Mr. José Augusto LINDGREN ALVES

(Brazil)

Ms. Nafeesa MOHAMMED

(Republic of Trinidad and Tobago)

Mr. Pastor Elias MURILLO MARTINEZ

(Colombia)

Mr. Agha SHAHI

(Pakistan)

Mr. Linos-Alexander SICILIANOS

(Greece)

Mr. Patrick THORNBERRY

(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

1.

Mr. Mahmoud ABOUL‑NASR

(Egypt)

2.

Mr. Nourredine AMIR

(Algeria)

3.

Mr. Régis de GOUTTES

(France)

4.

Mr. Kurt HERNDL

(Austria)

5.

Mr. Morten KJAERUM

(Denmark)

6.

Mr. José A. LINDGREN ALVES

(Brazil)

7.

Mr. Agha SHAHI

(Pakistan)

8.

Mr. Linos Alexandre SICILIANOS

(Greece)

9.

Mr. Patrick THORNBERRY

(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

1.

Mr. Alexei S. AVTONOMOV

(Russian Federation)

2.

Mr. Ralph BOYD Jr.

(United States of America)

3.

Mr. Jose Francisco CALI TZAY

(Guatemala)

4.

Ms. Fatimata-Binta Victoire DAH

(Burkina Faso)

5.

Ms. Patricia Nozipho JANUARY-BARDILL

(South Africa)

6.

Mr. Raghavan Vasudevan PILLAI

(India)

7.

Mr. Luis VALENCIA RODRÍGUEZ

(Ecuador)

8.

Mr. TANG Chengyuan

(China)

9.

Mr. Mario Jorge YUTZIS

(Argentina)

Date and place of birth:

31 June 1931, Egypt

Working languages:

Arabic, English, French

Current position/function:

Retired Ambassador

Member of CERD

Main professional activities:

Ex-Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs

Permanent Observer of the League of Arab States to the United Nations

Former assistant to the Egyptian Foreign Minister

Former Ambassador to Spain

Former Permanent Representative of the Sultanate of Oman to the United Nations (seconded)

Served at different embassies

Representing Egypt in United Nations human rights bodies and committees since 1964

Member of CERD

Educational background:

Bachelor of Law - Cairo University

International Law High Diploma - Paris University

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Participated and collaborated in drafting several human rights instruments at the United Nations, the Arab League and the Organization of African Unity

Date and place of birth:

12 December 1936, Homs, Syria

Working languages:

Arabic, English, French

Current position/function:

Member of the political consultative committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Chairman of the Committee on International Humanitarian Law of the Red Crescent - Damascus

Main professional activities:

Acting Permanent Representative, Head of Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations Office at Geneva, 1997-2001

Head of delegation to the fifty-third to fifty-seventh sessions of the Commission on Human Rights

Director of the Department of International Organizations and Conferences, 1992-1997

Counsellor in the Permanent Mission to the United Nations, 1973-1978

Representative to the Third Committee of the General Assembly

Educational background:

Law degree, University of Damascus, 1960

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Member of the Syrian delegations to many international conferences, including the World Conference on Human Rights and the World Social Summit in Copenhagen, summits and ministerial conferences of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries and of the Organization of the Conference of Islamic States

Lectured on international organizations in the Diplomatic Institute and other Syrian academies

Date and place of birth:

5 December 1940, Tunis

Working languages:

English, Spanish, Arabic

Current position/function:

Professor of Law and Diplomatic Drafting, National School of Administration (ENA), Algiers

Professor of Political Science (systemic analysis, human rights, international conventions), University of Algiers

Main professional activities:

1962-2001: Diplomat (Washington, Karachi, Bern, Paris, Strasbourg, Rabat)

Various professional activities: officer-in-charge of immigration issues, international policy (disarmament, strategies of the great Powers, rights of the child: author of the settlement of the question of the protection of the rights of the child born to mixed and divorced couples, Algerian-European Convention, European Parliament, President: Lord Plumb, 1988, Strasbourg). African national liberation struggles (companion of Nelson Mandela). Participation at the Organization of African Unity in issues relating to human rights and the rights of peoples

Educational background:

Certificat de littérature générale (propédeutique) (first year literature certificate)

Certificat d’études hispano-américaines (minorités culturelles) (Hispano-American studies certificate in cultural minorities), University of Algiers

Licence de sociologie (bachelor’s degree in sociology: critical analysis of contemporary theories and social change)

Doctorat en sciences politiques (doctorate in political science) development of two advanced diplomas in international relations and defence policy, Paris 1, Sorbonne

Thesis director Ms. Hélène Carrère d’Encausse, Kremlinologist, member, Académie française

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Question of cultural minoritiesEthnic question (amazighité in Algeria)

Migration, the case of Algeria in France

Schengen Convention

Citizenship, the case of colonial Algeria

With the exception of the Schengen Convention (professional responsibility 1986-1990), the other issues are still current in the context of the Symposium on Demography and Development in Developing Countries (seminars)

Most recent publicationsin the field:

“Le terrorisme, une pathologie criminelle”, Maroc-hebdo (1998)

La dernière décade des relations internationales (Algiers, National School of Administration, 2002)

La sécurité internationale et la discrimination raciale (Algiers, international seminar, 2003)

La mise en oeuvre de la Convention sur l’élimination de la discrimination raciale (Algiers, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2005)

Date and place of birth:

4 September 1950, Panama

Working languages:

Spanish, English

Current position/function:

Deputy Academic Director, City of Knowledge Foundation, PanamaProfessor, Maestría en Educación Superior (master’s degree in higher education), University of the Isthmus, Panama

Main professional activities:

September 1997‑September 1999: Director, Gorgas Commemorative Health Studies Institute, Ministry of Health, Republic of Panama

July 1995‑May 1998: Technical Secretary, Panama Social Cabinet

February 1995-March 1996: Director, Social Participation, Ministry of Health, Republic of Panama

15 February 1993‑1 January 1994: Coordinator, Licenciatura/BA en Relaciones Internacionales (bachelor’s degree in international relations), University of the Americas, Department of International Studies, Mexico, DF

Educational background:

Doctor en Estudios Latinoamericanos (doctorate in Latin American Studies), Faculty of Philosophy, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 1993-1995

Maestro en Estudios Latinoamericanos (master’s degree in Latin American studies), Faculty of Political and Social Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 1976‑1979

Licendiado en Letras (bachelor’s degree in arts), Faculty of Arts, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, 1968-1973

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Investigator, Working Group on Political Ecology,Latin American Social Science Council

Member, José Martí International Solidarity Committee

Second yearbook on ecology, culture and society, Antonio Núñez Jiménez Foundation on Nature and Man, Havana, member, Advisory Council

Justo Arosemena Centre for Latin American Studies, Panama, associate investigator, member, Executive Committee

Various functions, Justo Arosemena Centre for Latin American Studies review, member, editorial board, Panama

Most recent publications in the field:

“Pro Mundi Beneficio. Elementos para una historia ambiental de Panamá, II” and “El Istmo en el Mundo. Elementos para una historia general de Panamá”, in Historia General de Panamá, editor, Alfredo Castillero (Panama, National Centenary Commission, 2004)

“Naturaleza, sociedad e historia en América Latina”, in Ecología Política. Naturaleza, Socieded y Utopía (Buenos Aires, Latin American Social Science Council, March 2002)

“Los Trabajos de Ajuste y Combate. Naturaleza y Sociedad en la Historia de América Latina”, 1994 Americas House prize for historical/social essay (Havana/Bogota, 1994)

Date and place of birth:

26 October 1940, Paleville, Tarn, France

Working languages:

French, Spanish, English

Current position/function:

Senior Advocate General, French Court of Cassation

Member, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

Member, European Steering Committee for Human Rights

Member, French National Human Rights Advisory Commission

Main professional activities:

National activities:

1969-1978, 1981-1985: Law officer, Ministry of Justice 1981-1983: Director, International Affairs, office of Mr. Robert Badinter, Minister of Justice

1985-1990: Deputy Director, Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

1990-2005: Advocate General, then Senior Advocate General, Court of Cassation

International activities:

1990: Elected member, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

Member, former Chairman, European Steering Committee for Human Rights (Council of Europe)

Former Chairman, French International Adoption Authority

University activities:

Lecturer, National School of Administration; instructor, National Judiciary School, University of Paris I, Paris Bar

Educational background:

Licence en droit (bachelor’s degree in law), Diplômes d’études supérieures en droit privé, sciences criminelles et droit international comparé (advanced diplomas in private law, criminal science and comparative international law), Diplôme (diploma), Institute for Political Studies, Toulouse; former student, National Judiciary School

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Judicial activities: involvement with human rights cases for the Ministries of Justice and Foreign Affairs, Paris Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation

Non-judicial activities (see above): member, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination since 1990; member, former Chairman, European Steering Committee for Human Rights (Council of Europe); member, French National Human Rights Advisory Commission; former Chairman, French International Adoption Authority (1999‑2001); Vice-President, Human Rights Training Institute, Paris Bar

Conference lecturer in human rights and on the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination at the National Judiciary School, National School of Administration, University of Paris I, Paris Bar

Most recent publications in the field:

On the Convention:

Various articles in Revue générale du droit international public (1992, No. 1); Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé (September 1991); Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme (1996, Nos. 28 and 31; March 2001, No. 46); Mélanges en hommage à Louis Edmond Pettiti (Bruylant, 1998), Mélanges à la mémoire de Ralv Ryssdal (Bruylant, 2000), (La documentation française, French National Human Rights Advisory Commission symposium, 6‑7 July 2000); Revue annuelle des avocats au Conseil d’Etat et à la Cour de Cassation (Dalloz, 2005).

On human rights in general:

Various articles on the European Commission of Human Rights and international judicial cooperation

Date and place of birth:

1943

Working languages:

French, Arabic, English

Main professional activities:

Teacher, assistant professor, professor, assistant dean and dean of College of Law and Politics, Baghdad University, 1972-2003

Educational background:

Graduated from College of Economic and Political Science, Baghdad University, Political Science Department, 1963‑1964

Doctorat d’État in Political Science, France, 1971

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Participated in many Arab and international conferences such as:

Arab Conference on Human Rights (Cairo, 1993)

European conference on human rights (Strasbourg, 1993)

World Conference on Human Rights (Vienna, 1993)

Arab national conferences (Beirut, 1996-1999)

Porto Alegre Conferences for better world (Brazil, 2002-2003)

UNESCO International Panel on Democracy and Development, Beirut (Paris, March 2004)

Conference of rule of law and institutional reform (Ditchley Park, United Kingdom, October 2004)

UNDP Meeting on Enhancing the Role of Parliaments in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations (in the Arab Region) (Beirut, 24-25 June 2005)

Conference on Iraqi oil wealth: Issues of governance and development, Open Society Institute and London School of Economics (29 June-1 July 2005)

Member of Scientific Promotion Committee, Baghdad University (1997-2000)

Head of human rights organization in Iraq (1970‑2004)

Member, working group of experts on the right on development, United Nations (Geneva, 1981-1989)

Member of United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities (Geneva, 1981-1983)

Most recent publicationsin the field:

Published books

Political Problems in the Third World (2nd Ed.), 1989

Political Problems in developing countries, 1990

Third World: From Monoparty to Multiplicity

Third World: Issues and Challenges, 1997

Third World and Human Rights, 2000

Forum social mondial, 2004

Dealing with Conflict (translation), 2004

The Formalities of Research Writing, 2005

Human Rights (Development - Content - Protection), 2005

Parliament in Iraq - Study of Reality and Meditation on the Future, 2005

Co-authored publications

New International System: Issues and Opinions, 1992

Contemporary World, 1994

Research and articles

Published 25 articles in political sciences

Published 26 articles on other subjects

Date and place of birth:

30 March 1957, Aarhus, Denmark

Working languages:

Danish (mother tongue), English, French and German

Current position/function:

Executive Director of the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR) and Co-Director of the Danish Centre for International Studies and Human Rights (DCISHR)

Main professional activities:

1984-1991: Head of the Asylum Department, Danish Refugee Council

1991-2002: Executive Director, Danish Centre for Human Rights

Since 2002: executive management of approximately 100 staff (DIHR) and co-management of approximately 350 staff (DCISHR)

Collaborating with ministers, parliamentarians, government representatives, high-level diplomats, officials of the United Nations and intergovernmental organizations, corporate-sector representatives, NGOs and national institutions. Extensive travel supervising programmes and projects of DIHR in different parts of the world and lecturing. Heading teams and initiatives comprising difficult dialogue components, both in Danish and EU programmes.

Educational background:

Master of Law from University of Aarhus, Denmark, January 1984

Extensive training in general management, strategic planning and human resources management

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Administering part of the Danish programme against racism and xenophobia within the legal framework of the EU directives on race

Since 2002, member of CERD and in 2004 appointed special coordinator on follow-up to CERD concluding observations and recommendations

In 2004, elected President of the International Coordination Committee for National Human Rights Institutions (ICC), a network coordinating the relations between the United Nations and national institutions at the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and other relevant United Nations institutions

Since 2002, member of the Network of Experts on Fundamental Rights, established by the European Commission for the European Parliament

Most recent publicationsin the field:

Protection against Racial Discrimination: ICERD, DIHR, 2005

Human Rights for Immigrants and Immigrants for Human Rights, Routhledge, 2005

Approaches to Reservations by the CERD, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2004

National Human Rights Institutions Implementing Human Rights, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2003

Date and place of birth:

22 June 1946, Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Working languages:

Portuguese, English, French, Spanish

Current position/function:

Brazilian Ambassador in Sofia since April 2002

Member of CERD since 2002

Main professional activities:

Diplomat. Brazilian Ambassador to Sofia, since April 2002

Educational background:

Graduate of the Law School of the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 1969

Graduate of the Diplomatic Academy of the Brazilian Ministry of External Relations (Instituto Rio Branco), 1969

Graduate of the Higher Studies Course (Doctorate), Instituto Rio Branco, with a dissertation on “The United Nations and Human Rights”, 1989

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Observer at the first Conference of Labor Ministers of Non‑Aligned Countries and other Developing Countries, Tunis, 1978

Delegate to the annual meetings of the Conference for Coordination of Development in Southern Africa (SADCC) in Maputo (1980), Blantyre (1981) and Maseru (1983)

Delegate to the first regular sessions of the Economic and Social Council, New York, 1985-1988

Delegate to the fortieth, forty-first and forty-second (1985‑1987) and forty-sixth to forty-ninth (1991-1994) sessions of the United Nations General Assembly

Delegate to the forty-second to forty-fourth (1986-1988) and forty-seventh to forty-eighth (1991-1995) sessions of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights

Delegate to the Third Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, New York, 1986

Delegate to the Eleventh Meeting of States Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, New York, 1987

Observer to the Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement, Accra, 1991

Delegate to the Twelfth Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to the Tlatelolco Treaty, Mexico, 1991

Delegate to the preparatory meetings for the World Conference on Human Rights, Geneva, 1991-1993

Head of the Brazilian delegation to the Latin-American regional preparatory meeting for the World Conference on Human Rights, San José, 1993

Delegate to the World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 1993

Coordinator of the “task force” that helped negotiate the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action at the World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 1993

Delegate to the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 1994

Delegate to the World Summit on Social Development, Copenhagen, 1995

Delegate to the Fourth World Conference on Women: Equality, Development and Peace, Beijing, 1995

Delegate to the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements - Habitat II, Istanbul, 1996

Member of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Geneva, 1994-1997

Delegate to the World Conference on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Durban, South Africa, 2001

Most recent publicationsin the field:

Books

Human Rights as a Global Issue, São Paulo, Ed. Perspectiva, 1994

The International Architecture of Human Rights, São Paulo, Ed. FTD, 1997

International Relations and Social Issues: The Decade of Conferences, Brasilia, IBRI/FUNAG, 2001

Law and Citizenship in Postmodernity, Piracicaba, UNIMEP, 2002

Human Rights in Post-Modernity, São Paulo, Ed. Perspectiva, 2005

Essays

The U.N. Social Agenda Against “Postmodern” Unreason, in the Thesaurus Acroasium, vol. XXVIII, Thessaloniki, 1997

The United Nations, Postmodernity and Human Rights, in University of San Francisco Law Review, vol. 32, No. 3, Spring 1998

The Declaration of Human Rights in Postmodernity, in Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 22, No. 2, May 2000, Johns Hopkins University Press

The Durban Conference Against Racism and Everyone’s Responsibilities, in Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, vol. 21, No. 3, September 2003

Ms. Nafeesa MOHAMMED (Trinidad and Tobago)

Date and place of birth:

28 December 1962, London, England

Working languages:

English

Current position/function:

Legal consultant in the Ministry of the Attorney‑General with responsibility for providing legal advice and services to the Attorney-General and providing advisory, research and coordinating support in the Ministry with particular emphasis on public affairs, legislation policy and planning

Member of the Board of Directors of the Environmental Management Authority

Since 1997, has been a Deputy Political Leader (Policy) of the People’s National Movement

Served as an opposition Senator in the Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2000

Main professional activities:

Directs, plans and coordinates matters relating to public affairs and policy

Performs research and advisory work in specified areas as directed by the Attorney‑General

Assists in coordinating the Government’s Legislative Agenda

Represents the Attorney-General in various committees such as the Family Court Committee, the Mediation Committee, the Domestic Violence Manual Committee and the Legislative Review Committee

Also serving as Secretary to the Chief Justice’s Monitoring Committee of the Family Court Pilot Project

Provides critical support to the Attorney‑General in anti-drug and anti‑corruption matters and in matters involving the administration of justice as well as the Human Rights Unit of the Ministry of the Attorney‑General

Involved in planning, monitoring and evaluating projects and programmes for the advancement of women, children and the family

Educational background:

LLB (Honours) from the University of the West Indies. Legal Education Certificate from the High Wooding Law School. Completed the first year of a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and Social Sciences prior to entering the Faculty of Law

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandateof the treaty body concerned:

As a State Counsel in the Solicitor General’s Department of the Ministry of the Attorney‑General from 1992 to 1995, Ms. Mohammed was involved as an Advocate Attorney in constitutional and other public law litigation matters involving the violation of human rights. Ms. Mohammed has participated in several international conferences such as the vital voices of the Americas; the Caribbean Assembly of Parliamentarians; the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. In 2004, Ms. Mohammed presented a paper at the Library of Congress in Washington on the history and culture of East Indians in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2005, she participated in the Inter‑American Forum on Political Parties of the Organization of American States and presented a paper on constitutional reform

Most recent publicationsin the field:

April 2005: “Constitutional Reform in the Caribbean: National Case Studies: Trinidad and Tobago”, paper presented at the Caribbean Meeting of the Organization of American States Inter‑American Forum on Political PartiesMay 2005: “Women in Leadership Roles in the Diaspora”, paper presented in May 2005 at the third international conference organized by the Indian High Commission, the University of the West Indies and the National Council of Indian Culture

September 2005: “The Development of Muslim Culture in Trinidad and Tobago”, paper presented to a symposium organized by the United States Congress in Washington on Indo-Trinidadian history and culture

Date and place of birth:

Andagoya, Chocó, Colombia, 8 August 1963 (member of Afro‑Colombian community)

Working languages:

Spanish

Current position/function:

Adviser to the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Duties include responsibility for issues relating to poverty, Millennium Development Goals, International Labour Organization; member of the team negotiating the free trade agreement between Colombia, Ecuador and Peru and the United States of America

Main professional activities:

Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1997 to date), with responsibility for indigenous communities issues, the Afro‑Colombian population, the raizal communities of San Andrés and the Roma population, women, children, migrants, trafficking in persons; for the preparation of reports to be submitted and defended by Colombia before international human rights bodies pursuant to the treaty commitments made by the Government; and for issuing instructions regarding the reports. Also acted as Interim Director of the Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Educational background:

Lawyer, with a specialization in environmental law, diploma in human rights

Other main activities in the fieldrelevant to the mandate of thetreaty body concerned:

Former Director of Black Community Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, with a permanent seat on the Economic and Social Policy Council (CONPES) (November 1994‑January 1997)

Colombian government delegate on official missions to various conferences and meetings of the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Andean Community, the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank

Member of the Working Group that formulated Andean decision No. 391 on access to genetic resources and derivative products

Member of the group of five eminent independent experts appointed by the President of the Commission on Human Rights at its fifty-eighth session with responsibility for follow-up to the Declaration and Plan of Action adopted by the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance. National and international lecturer

Most recent publicationsin the field:

Cuotas Políticas para Grupos Étnicos en Colombia: El Camino Hacia y Logros de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, 1991 (Inter-American Development Bank, 1991; electronic version August 2005), prepared for the International Seminar on Progress towards Fairness and Social Inclusion, Brasilia, April 2005

Reconocimiento de Derechos Territoriales a los Afrodescendientes: La Experiencia Afrocolombiana, prepared at the request of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the Regional Workshop on the Adoption and Implementation of Policies for Afro-origin Groups in Latin America, Montevideo, May 2003

Territorio, minería y medio ambiente en el valle del río San Juan en la perspectiva de la reglamentación y aplicación de la ley 70 de 1993 en comunidades negras: Territorio y desarrollo. (Medellín, Swissaid, Social Solidarity Network, 1995)

“Las acciones populares en la defensa de los derechos de las comunidades negras”, in Acciones Populares y de Grupo-Nuevas Herramientas para Ejercer los Derechos Colectivos, Ombudsman (Bogotá, Gustavo Ibañez Legal Publications, 1995)

“Derechos territoriales de las comunidades negras y defensa del Pacífico”, in Derecho y Medio Ambiente II (Medellín, Penca de Sabila Corporation, 1994)

Date and place of birth:

25 August 1920, Bangalore

Working languages:

English

Current position/function:

President, Islamabad Council of World Affairs

Till 12 September 2005: Chairman, Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad

Main professional activities:

Foreign Minister of Pakistan (1977‑1982).

Foreign Secretary (Head of Foreign Ministry) (1973‑1977)

Ambassador to China (1972-1973) and to the United Nations (1967-1972)

Represented Pakistan in the United Nations Security Council (1968/69)

Chairman of Pakistani delegation to the non‑nuclear-weapon States conference, 1968 (on security assurances to non-nuclear States)

Additional Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1964-1967)

Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations (1958-1961)

Minister Counsellor, Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, DC (1955-1958)

Led Pakistani delegations over more than a decade to the United Nations General Assembly, conferences of the Non‑Aligned Movement and the Organization of the Islamic Conference

Educational background:

M.A. (History, Economics and Politics), LLBConstitutional Adviser to Sindh Chief Minister (1947/48)District Magistrate Thatta in Province of Sindh (1949‑1951)

Appointed to the former Indian Civil Service on results of all-India competitive examination

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of thetreaty body concerned:

Co-Chairman of Pakistani delegation to the World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 1993

Initiated a thematic discussion on prevention of genocide at the sixty‑fifth session of CERD (August 2004) and introduced a draft declaration on prevention of genocide at its sixty-sixth session (March 2005), which was adopted with amendments as the Declaration on Prevention of Genocide (11 March 2005). It is noted that the agreed outcome document adopted by the General Assembly in September accepts collective action by the Security Council under Chapter VII under specified conditions to prevent genocide. As follow-up, assisted CERD to develop at its sixty‑seventh session a special set of indicators related to genocide to strengthen the early warning capability of the United Nations

Most recent publicationsin the field:

Can Genocide be prevented? (March 2005)

Lessons of Rwanda and Srebrenica genocides (April 2005)

Bandung II - A Historical Watershed? (May 2005)

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and Modern International Relations (June 2004)

The Emerging World Order (May 2003)

Pakistan’s Security and Foreign Policy (collection of articles and speeches) 1988

Date and place of birth:

9 May 1960, Athens, Greece

Working languages:

English, French, Greek - working knowledge of German and Italian

Current position/function:

Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Athens

2004-2006: Vice-Chairperson, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (elected member of the Committee in 2002)

Member since 1997 and former Chairman (2003-2004) of the Committee of Experts of the Council of Europe for the improvement of procedures for the protection of human rights

Vice-President, First Section, Greek National Commission on Human Rights

Vice-President, International Institute on Human Rights, Strasbourg

Member of the Network of Independent Experts of the European Union on Fundamental Rights (since 2002)

Member of the Athens Bar, counsel, Court of Cassation and Council of State

Member of the Administrative Board of the Hellenic Branch of the International Law Association and member of a number of professional associations

Main professional activities:

Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Athens: international protection of human rights; public international law; international organizations

Guest professor at the following institutions: International Institute on Human Rights, Strasbourg (1994, 2001, 2003); The Hague Academy of International Law (1996, 2000, 2005); Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva (1997); Faculty of Law, Robert Schuman University, Strasbourg (1998); Faculty of Law, Temple University (USA - joint programme with the University of Athens, 1998-2002); Faculty of Law, University Panthéon-Assas, Paris II (1999, 2004); Faculty of Law, University Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris I (1999, 2003); Faculty of Law, University Aix-Marseille III (2003); Faculty of Law, University Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV (2004); National University of Ireland, Galway (2005)

International human rights expert frequently invited by the United Nations, UNESCO, Council of Europe, European Union and other bodies and government authorities: conferences and official missions in Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Côte d’Ivoire, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Morocco, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine

Member of the Greek delegation at the twenty-seventh General Conference of UNESCO, Paris (1993)

Member of the Greek delegation at the fifty-first to fifty‑fifth sessions of the United Nations General Assembly, New York (1996-2001)

As international expert-consultant, given legal expertise at the request of a number of States and handled cases before the European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg, and the European Court of Justice, Luxembourg

Educational background:

Maîtrise de droit (avec mention “excellent”) (master’s degree in law, with honours), 1983

Doctor iuris, Robert Schuman University, Strasbourg, 1990; laureatus of the Faculty, international Paul Guggenheim prize, 1991; Georges Tenekides prize, 1991

Authorization to direct scientific research, Robert Schuman University, Strasbourg, 1990

Other main activities related to the Committee’s mandate:

General co-rapporteur at the Conference of the Council of Europe and the French National Human Rights Advisory Commission on “Efforts to combat racism and xenophobia: priorities and means for European harmonization”, Strasbourg, November 1994

Organizer of an international expert seminar in collaboration with UNESCO on new forms of discrimination, Olympia, Greece, May 1994

Greek delegate at the International Seminar on Immigration, Racism and Racial Discrimination, organized by the United Nations Centre for Human Rights in the framework of the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, United Nations Office at Geneva, 1996; member of the drafting committee of the document adopted

Organizer of an international conference in collaboration with the Human Rights Directorate of the Council of Europe on the protection of minorities in Europe, Athens, May 1996

Course in the post-graduate programme of international law at the University of Athens on the prohibition of racial discrimination, 1999-2005

Representative of the Greek National Human Rights Commission at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Durban, 2001

Representative of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination at the Second Inter-committee Meeting, United Nations Office at Geneva, June 2003

Representative of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination at the third session of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, United Nations Office at Geneva, October 2004

As member of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, country rapporteur for the Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iceland, Slovakia, Sweden

List of most recent publicationsin the field:

Author or editor of about 70 publications in French, English and Greek related to the international protection of human rights and to public international law, including three monographs, 11 collective volumes and numerous articles in internationally renowned periodicals and yearbooks (Annuaire français de droit international, European Journal of International Law, Revue générale de droit international public, Revue belge de droit international, Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme, Hague Yearbook of International Law, Revue Europe, Revue hellénique de droit international) and in collective volumes published by Presses universitaires de France, La documentation française, Pedone, Montchrestien (Paris), Bruylant (Brussels), Kluwer Law International, Martinus Nijhoff, including: Nouvelles formes de discrimination, foreword by Federico Mayor, Director-General of UNESCO (Paris, Pedone, 1995)

General conclusions (in collaboration with E. Decaux) of the International Conference of the Council of Europe on Efforts to Combat Racism and Xenophobia: Priorities and Means for European Harmonization, pp. 233 et seq., in Ce racisme qui menace l’Europe (Paris, La documentation française, 1996)

The Protection of Minorities in Europe: The Framework Convention of the Council of Europe for the Protection of National Minorities (co-editor), foreword by Daniel Tarschys, Secretary-General of the Council of Europe (Athens, A.N. Sakkoulas, 1997)

“The Scope of the Universal Declaration”, in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948-1998. The Future of a Common Ideal, pp. 321-341, international colloquy under the auspices of the President of the French Republic (Paris, La documentation française, 1999)

L’ONU et la démocratisation de l’État: systèmes régionaux et ordre juridique universel, 321 pp, foreword by Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Paris, Pedone, 2000)

The Prevention of Human Rights Violations (editor), foreword by Mary Robinson (The Hague, M. Nijhoff, 2001)

“La liberté de diffusion des convictions religieuses”, in La protection internationale de la liberté religieuse, pp. 205-229 (Brussels, Bruylant, 2002)

“La ‘réforme de la réforme’ du système de protection de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme”, in Annuaire français de droit international, 2003, pp. 611-640

“Les potentialités de la Convention pour l’élimination de la discrimination raciale”, in Mélanges G. Cohen-Jonathan, pp. 1385-1397 (Brussels, Bruylant, 2004)

“L’application de la Convention pour l’élimination de la discrimination raciale: on the fortieth anniversary of its adoption”, Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme, 2005

Date and place of birth:

4 December 1944, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Working languages:

English, Italian; ability to work with documentation in French and Spanish

Current position/function:

Professor of International Law, Keele University, United Kingdom

Consultant Tutor, International Human Rights Law, University of Oxford

Visiting Fellow, Kellogg College, Oxford

Member of CERD

Main professional activities:

Various commissions for the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 1994 to 1998, in Hungary, Romania, Latvia, Slovakia and Ukraine, including leadership of a team of experts with regard to the Hungarian minority in Slovakia and the Slovak minority in Hungary

Member of the International Council of the Minority Rights Group, 1994-2002

Chairman of Minority Rights Group, 1999-2002

Member of the Advisory Council of the European Centre for Minority Issues, Flensburg, Germany

Various expert commissions for the Council of Europe, including a study of the relationship between territorial autonomy and minority rights, legal assessment of State responsibilities under the Charter for Regional or Minority Languages; invited as Conference rapporteur on the fifth anniversary of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Strasbourg 2003

Member, Editorial Board, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights

Educational background:

LLB, University of London, 1968

LLM, University of Keele, 1976

PhD, University of Keele, 1986

Barrister, Lincoln’s Inn, 1973

Other main activities in the field relevant to the mandate of the treaty body concerned:

Member of CERD from 2001; Country Rapporteur for Cyprus, Croatia, New Zealand, the Russian Federation, St. Vincent and The Grenadines, Brazil, Argentina and Barbados

Elected Rapporteur of the Committee as a whole, 2002‑2004/2004-2006

Recent visits as expert in personal capacity on race discrimination and minority rights issues to, among others, Brazil, Japan, Nepal and Turkey

Many (over 100) papers on race, indigenous and minority questions as an aspect of continuing engagement with these issues, including, most recently:

“Caste-based Discrimination under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination”, Irish Centre for Human Rights, Galway, June 2003

“On Implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination”, for the seminar Tutti diversi, tutti uguali, inaugurating the Ufficio nazionale contro le discriminazioni razziali, Rome, November 2004

“On the Many Forms of Racial Discrimination: A Perspective from CERD”, Public Lecture, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, December 2004

“On the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination”, Annual Human Rights Lecture, Nottingham University, February 2005

“Racial Discrimination and Indigenous Peoples”, Public Lecture at the International Labour Organization, March 2005

Most recent publicationsin the field:

The following is a short selection from over 80 published pieces on international law and human rights topics. Work in progress includes a legal commentary on the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination for Oxford University Press for publication in 2007:

Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights (484 pp, Manchester University Press, 2002)Minority Rights in Europe: A Review of the Work and Standards of the Council of Europe (with M.A. Martin Estebanez) (682 pp, Council of Europe Publishing, 2004)“Minority and Indigenous Rights at ‘the End of History’”, Ethnicities, vol. 2, No. 4 (2002), pp. 515-37“The Framework Convention on National Minorities: A Provisional Appraisal and a Memory of the Baltic States”, Baltic Yearbook of International Law, vol. 2 (2002), pp. 127-57“Human Rights and the Shaping of Loyalties”, in M. Waller and A. Linklater (eds.), Political Loyalty and the Nation-State (Routledge, 2003), pp. 91-104“Race, Descent and Caste under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination”, in K. Nakano, M.J. Yutzis and R. Onoyama (eds.), Descent-Based Discrimination(IMADR, 2004), pp. 119-37“The Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Indigenous Peoples and Caste/Descent‑based Discrimination”, in J. Castellino and N. Walsh (eds.), International Law and Indigenous Peoples (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2005), pp. 17-52Chapters on education rights, and one on language rights with F. de Varennes, in M. Weller (ed.), The Rights of Minorities: A commentary on the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 365-428NB: Professor Thornberry was honoured in 2004 with a Festschrift: N. Ghanea and A. Xanthaki (eds.), Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination - Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry(Martinus Nijhoff, 2005)