Committee against Torture

Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Mongolia *

1.The Committee against Torture considered the second periodic report of Mongolia (CAT/C/MNG/2) at its 1443rd and 1445th meetings, held on 2 and 3 August 2016 (CAT/C/SR.1443 and CAT/C/SR.1445), and adopted the following concluding observations at its 1453rd meeting, held on 9 August 2016.

A.Introduction

2.The Committee appreciates the report submitted by the State party under the simplified reporting procedure. It welcomes the dialogue with the State party’s delegation and the oral replies provided.

B.Positive aspects

3.The Committee welcomes the State party’s accession to and ratification of the following international instruments:

(a)Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, on 11 December 2014;

(b)International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, on 9 October 2014;

(c)Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 5 January 2012.

4.The Committee welcomes the State party’s extensive initiatives to revise its legislation in areas of relevance to the Convention, including:

(a)Adoption of the Law on Combating Trafficking in Persons and the establishment of the Subcouncil for the Prevention of and Fight against Trafficking to coordinate the implementation of the Law, on 19 January 2012;

(b)Adoption of the Law on Victim and Witness Protection, in 2013;

(c)Adoption of the Law on Police, which provides in article 40.5 that the National Human Rights Commission, within the scope of its mandate, shall oversee activities of the police organization and its employees, on 5 July 2013;

(d)Adoption of the Law on Provision of Free Legal Assistance to Insolvent Accused Persons, in 2013;

(e)Adoption of the Law on Law Enforcement, in 2015;

(f)Revision of the Criminal Code, which, inter alia, provides a definition of torture, abolishes the death penalty, criminalizes domestic violence, prohibits discrimination on various grounds and outlaws hate crimes and hate speech, on 3 December 2015;

(g)Revision of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which, inter alia, explicitly prohibits torture and statements obtained through torture as evidence in judicial proceedings, on 13 May 2016.

5.The Committee also welcomes the initiatives of the State party to amend its policies, programmes and administrative measures to give effect to the Convention, including:

(a)Implementation of a moratorium by the President of Mongolia on all executions since 2010;

(b)Implementation of the National Action Plan on Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labour, since 2011;

(c)Adoption of guidelines on the prosecutor’s supervision over serving of punishments by convicted persons, which includes the supervision of conditions of detention and regulates the complaints system, adopted in accordance with resolution No. 214, on 11 December 2011;

(d)Adoption of resolution No. A/14 of the Prosecutor General of Mongolia on procedures regulating measures related to pretrial detention, which, inter alia, provides for speedy actions by the official in charge of proposing a pretrial detention order and notifying the person of the pretrial detention order, their family members and advocates within 24 hours, on 5 February 2013;

(e)Action plan of the Government of Mongolia for the period 2012-2016, which sets forth measures to limit the instances of human rights being restricted without judicial procedures having been carried out;

(f)Development of the National Action Plan for 2015-2020 under the Law on Combating Trafficking in Persons;

(g)Dissemination of the recommendations No. 3/207 and No. 3/1788 of the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia to all police officers and prison personnel with the purpose of preventing torture and ill-treatment;

(h)Placing of special panels on human rights in all detention centres.

C.Principal subjects of concern and recommendations

Pending follow-up issues from the previous reporting cycle

6.The Committee regrets the absence of information requested by the Committee on follow-up issues contained in paragraphs 9, 11, 16 and 19 of its previous concluding observations with regard to, respectively: (a) impunity for acts of torture; (b) complaints and investigations of allegations of torture; (c) conditions of detention; and (d) prisoners on death row and the death penalty.

Entry into force of revised legislation

7.While welcoming the enactment by the Parliament of revisions to the Criminal Code on 3 December 2015 and to the Code of Criminal Procedure on 13 May 2016, the Committee is concerned at reports that their entry into force may be postponed (art. 2).

8. The State party should make every effort to ensure that there is no delay in the entry into force of the revised legislation.

Definition of and punishments for acts of torture

9.While welcoming the introduction of a definition of torture in the new Criminal Code, the Committee is concerned that the definition does not include acts of torture based on discrimination of any kind and does not cite intimidation or coercion as a purpose for committing acts of torture, including against a third person, as outlined in article 1 of the Convention. In addition, the Committee is concerned that the penalties for torture range from a fine to a maximum penalty of only five years of imprisonment, which is not commensurate with the gravity of this crime (arts 1, 2 and 4).

10. The State party should:

(a) Adopt a definition of torture that contains all the elements of article 1 of the Convention, including a clear reference to discrimination of any kind as a motive or reason for inflicting torture, as well as to the elements of intimidation and coercion, including against a third person;

(b) Ensure, in order to combat impunity, that acts of torture are offences under criminal law punishable by penalties commensurate with the gravity of th e crime, as required in article 4 ( 2 ) of the Convention;

(c) Ensure that there is no statute of limitations for the crime of torture.

Fundamental legal safeguards

11.While taking note of the recent changes in legislation, the Committee is concerned at reports:

(a)Of the high number of arrests without a legal arrest warrant;

(b)That numerous persons deprived of their liberty do not benefit from the assistance of a lawyer from the outset of detention, and that a certain number of lawyers do not attend investigation interviews in person;

(c)That detainees are not informed about their rights, in particular the right to have a lawyer, the right to submit a complaint to a court and the right to family visits;

(d)That insolvent accused persons are prevented from benefiting from legal assistance from the very outset of detention because the Mongolian Lawyers Association and the Mongolian Bar Association have to be notified by official letter in order to provide free legal assistance;

(e)That, in a number of cases reported to the Committee, investigators and prosecutors made the right to visits by family members conditional on the detained persons confessing to crimes they had allegedly committed;

(f)That detainees are sometimes detained in facilities that are very far from their families, which makes visits difficult (arts. 2 and 16).

12. The State party should take effective measures to guarantee that all detained persons are afforded in practice all the fundamental legal safeguards f rom the outset of their deprivation of liberty, in accordance with international standards, including ceasing carrying out arrests without a legal arrest warrant. The safeguards for detained persons should also include:

(a) To be informed about the charges against them and about all their legal rights, both orally and in writ ing ;

(b) To have prompt access to a lawyer from the very outset of deprivation of liberty to guarantee the presence of lawyers in person , including during investigation interviews, and to ensure that free legal assistance is promptly facilitated for insolvent persons;

(c) To notify a family member or any other person of their own choice of their detention immediately after apprehension;

(d) To receive visits without conditions, including without attempts to force confessions by making family visits conditional thereon ;

(e) To assign prisoners to prison establishments that are at reasonable distance from their families in order to facilitate visits.

Duration of pretrial detention

13.The Committee is concerned at reports of widespread use of pretrial detention as a measure of restraint, including for longer than prescribed by the law, instead of alternatives to detention, such as non-custodial measures. It is also concerned at reports of the length of pretrial detention, according to which more than 12 per cent of arrested persons were detained for more than 12 months, while 3 per cent were detained for more than 30 months. The Committee is also concerned that the time persons spend in pretrial detention does not count towards the total time of incarceration once their case is transferred to a court (arts. 2 and 11).

14. The State party should:

(a) Amend legislation with a view to reduc ing the duration of pretrial detention, which should be used as an exception, applied for limited periods of time , clearly regulated and subject to judicial supervision at all times in order to guarantee fundamental legal and procedural safeguards;

(b) Ensure that no one is held in pretrial detention for longer than prescribed by law and that time spent in pretrial detention is included in the time of incarceration given in the sentence;

(c) Consider replacing pretrial detention with non-custodial measures, in accordance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (the Tokyo Rules);

(d) Ensure that redress and compensation are provided to victims of unjustified prolonged pretrial detention.

Impunity for acts of torture

15.The Committee is concerned:

(a)At the removal of articles 10 and 45 from the Law on the Prosecutor’s Office on 24 January 2014, which resulted in the dissolution of the Special Investigation Unit (which had been attached to the General Prosecutor’s Office) that had been tasked with investigating and prosecuting acts of torture and ill-treatment by public officials, including the police; the transfer of the functions of the Special Investigation Unit to the Independent Authority against Corruption and the Investigative Division of the General Police Department, which may result in conflicts of interest, ineffective investigations and a reluctance to open criminal cases; a lack of information on the outcome of the investigation conducted by the Investigation Office of the General Police Department into three complaints of torture; and that the Independent Authority against Corruption does not have the jurisdiction to investigate crimes enumerated in article 251 of the Criminal Code;

(b)At the shift, under article 27 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, of jurisdiction for investigating acts of torture committed by police officers to investigation units of the local police;

(c)That not all interrogation rooms in detention centres are equipped with closed-circuit television (CCTV) and video and audio recording equipment and that, in some cases, the cost of the recordings has to be borne by the defendants (arts. 2, 12, 13, 15 and 16).

16. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation ( see CAT / C/MNG/CO/1, para. 9 ) that the State party should:

(a) Ensure that all reports of torture and ill-treatment by public officials, including the police, are investigated promptly, effectively and impartially by an independent mechanism , with no institutional or hierarchical connection between the investigators and the alleged perpetrators;

(b) Ensure that all persons under investigation for having committed acts of torture or ill-treatment are immediately suspended from their duties and remain so throughout the investigation, while ensuring that the principle of presumption of innocence is observed;

(c) Ensure that all interrogation rooms in detention centres in all parts of the country have CCTV and the equipment to ensure the video and audio recording of interrogations ; that videotapes are reviewed to identify and investigate torture and other breaches of standards ; that tapes are made available to defendants and their counsels, at no cost to the defendant; and that they may be used as evidence in court;

(d) Provide the Committee with information on the outcome of the three complaints of torture being investigated by the Investigation Office of the General Police Department, as indicated in the a dditional i nformation provided by the State party in July 2016.

Complaints and prompt, impartial and effective investigations

17.Recalling its previous concluding observations (see CAT/C/MNG/CO/1, para. 11), the Committee is concerned at the absence of actions taken in relation to the events that took place on 1 July 2008. It is also concerned that the shifting of authority for the investigation of acts of torture may result in a decline in the number of complaints by persons deprived of their liberty (arts. 2, 12 and 13).

18. The Committee reiterates its recommendation ( see CAT/C/MNG/CO/1, para. 11 ) that the State party should:

(a) Ensure that independent and effective mechanisms to receive complaints and conduct prompt, impartial and effective investigations into allegations of torture and ill-treatment are put in place;

(b) Address impunity and ensure that those found guilty of committing acts of torture and ill-treatment , including in relation to the events that took place on 1 July 2008, are promptly convicted;

(c) Take measures to protect complainants, lawyers and witnesses from intimidation and reprisals, in accordance with article 13 of the Convention.

Conditions of detention

19.While noting that the special isolation regime has been stopped and the open-ward and closed-ward regime has been adopted for prisoners, the Committee is concerned at the persistence of overcrowding and poor living conditions, in particular at the DenjiinMyanga police detention centre.It is also concerned that there is no oversight mechanism that can initiate the monitoring of institutions for persons with psychosocial disabilities and social care homes (art. 11).

20. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation ( see CAT/C/MNG/CO/1, para. 16 ) and urges the State party to take the necessary steps to ensure that prison conditions are in line with relevant international human rights standards, including the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) and, in particular, to:

(a) Take the necessary measures to reduce overcrowding and to allocate adequate resources to improve living conditions , in particular at the Denjiin Myanga police detention centre, and provide updated information on the construction of the four new detention centres due to be completed in 2016;

(b) Consider using non-custodial measures and alternatives to detention, in keeping with the Tokyo Rules;

(c)Strengthen the independent and regular monitoring of all places of deprivation of liberty, including institutions for persons with psychosocial disabilities and social care homes , by the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia, which has just been made the national preventive mechanism and whose independence should be strengthened , as well as by other independent and impartial mechanisms, and enable them to deal with the complaints of inmates about their conditions of detention and treatment and provide effective follow-up to such complaints.

Persons on death row

21.While noting that the State party will have abolished the death penalty with the entry into force on 1 September 2016 of the new Criminal Code and welcoming the moratorium on the application of the death penalty, the Committee remains concerned about the current situation of prisoners who were on death row at the time of its consideration of the State party’s initial report, as well as the situation of the two persons who were sentenced to the death penalty in 2015 (arts. 2, 11 and 16).

22. Recalling its previous recommendation ( see CAT/C/MNG/CO/1, para. 19), which was part of the follow-up request, the Committee reiterates that t he State party should:

(a) Commute all death sentences to prison terms and ensure that prisoners who were formerly on death row benefit from the same regime as all other prisoners;

(b) Ensure that persons who were formerly on death row are afforded all the protections provided by the Convention, including fundamental legal safeguards;

(c) Ensure that the conditions of detention of prisoners who were formerly on death row meet their basic needs and rights , in accordance with international standards;

(d) Provide updated information to the Committee about the situation and prison regime of all other persons who were on death row at the time of the consideration of the State party’s initial report, including the two persons sentenced to the death penalty in 2015.

Juvenile justice

23.While noting the responses of the delegation of the State party during its constructive dialogue with the Committee, the Committee remains concerned at the absence of a comprehensive juvenile justice system in the State party, including of specialized courts for juveniles. It is also concerned at reports that detained children are not separated from adults in all circumstances (arts. 2, 10, 11 and 16).

24. The State party should:

(a) Consider establishing an effective, specialized and well-functioning juvenile justice system in compliance with international standards, including the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules) and the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the Riyadh Guidelines);

(b) Ensure that juveniles are held in detention only as a last resort, in strict compliance with the law and for the shortest amount of time possible;

(c) Set up a training programme for judges and prosecutors to specialize in juvenile justice, including on the application of non-custodial measures , and incorporate non-custodial measures for minors in conflict with the law into the justice system;

(d) Ensure that minors who are deprived of their liberty are held separately from adults;

(e) Ensure regular independent reviews of the juveniles ’ conditions of detention;

(f) Speed up the construction of the Special Training and Education Centre for juvenile offenders located in the Bayanz ü rkh District, which is due to be completed in 2017.

Corporal punishment against children

25.While welcoming the enactment of the Law on the Rights of Children and the Law on Child Protection, which make the corporal punishment of children in all settings a criminal offence, the Committee is concerned at information that some 42 per cent of children have been subjected to physical or psychological punishment in home settings (art.16).

26. The State party should:

(a) Take all the necessary steps to ensure the full implementation and enforcement of the prohibition of corporal punishment in all settings;

(b) Conduct awareness - raising campaigns for professionals and the general public in order to raise awareness about the harmful effects of corporal punishment and promote positive, non-violent disciplinary methods in education and in bringing up and caring for children;

(c)Investigate, prosecute and sanction all reported cases of corporal punishment.

Violence against women and domestic violence

27.While welcoming the forthcoming entry into force on 1 September 2016 of the amended Criminal Code criminalizing domestic violence and other forms of violence against women and girls, including those belonging to sexual minorities, and the revised Law on Combating Domestic Violence, and the building of four shelters for victims of domestic violence, the Committee is concerned at the prevalence of violence against women, including domestic and sexual violence, the underreporting of cases, the lack of statistical information on violence against women and the fact that marital rape has not been criminalized (arts. 2, 12–14 and 16).

28. The State party should:

(a) Ensure the vigorous and effective implementation of the relevant articles of the amended Criminal Code and the revised Law on Combating Domestic Violence ;

(b) Amend legislation in ord er to criminalize marital rape;

(c) Establish an effective and independent complaints mechanism for victims of domestic violence;

(d) Ensure that all allegations of domestic violence, including sexual violence and violence against children, are registered by the police and that all allegations of domestic violence are promptly, impartially and effectively investigated and the perpet rators prosecuted and punished;

(e) Ensure that victims of domestic violence benefit from protection, including restraining orders, have access to medical and legal services, including counselling, and a larger number of safe and adequately funded shelters and provide information on the capacity and services provided in the existing shelters and redress, including rehabilitation;

(f) Provide mandatory training for police and other law enforcement officials, social workers, judges , prosecutors and medical professionals on the legislation criminalizing violence against women and on the vulnerabilities of victims of gender-based and domestic violence ;

(g) Provide statistical data, disaggregated by age and ethnicity of the victims and their relationship to the perpetrator , regarding domestic, sexual and other forms of violence against women, including marital rape, as well as on the number of complaints, investigations, prosecutions, convictions of perpetrators and sentences handed down .

Discrimination and violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons

29.While taking note of the revision of the Criminal Code, under which discrimination on various grounds is prohibited and hate crimes and hate speech outlawed, the Committee remains concerned at recurrent reports that the members of vulnerable populations, in particular lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, are subjected to violence, such as physical attacks and other ill-treatment, including by police officers, which makes victims reluctant to even file complaints. The Committee is also gravely concerned at reports that complaints are not registered or investigated by the police and have been dismissed by the Prosecutor’s Office (arts 2, 12, 13 and 16).

30. The State party should :

(a) Vigorously enforce the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code as soon as it enters into force on 1 September 2016;

(b) Establish an effective policing, enforcement and complaints mechanism in order to ensure prompt, thorough and impartial investigations into allegations of attacks against persons on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity, in line with the Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity;

(c) Ensure that all complaints of attacks and ill-treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons are investigated and prosecuted, including those by police officers , and that all persons under investigation are immediately suspended from their duties and remain so throughout the investigation ;

(d) Take all the necessary measures to bring perpetrators of violent acts against vulnerable populations, in particular lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, to justice;

(e) Provide redress, including compensation and rehabilitation to victims.

Trafficking in persons

31.While welcoming the adoption of the Law on Combating Trafficking in Persons and the amendments to the Criminal Code, including article 113, the Committee is concerned that the State party remains a country of origin and destination for human trafficking, in particular for forced labour and forced sexual exploitation, including of minors and including cases that allegedly involve law enforcement officials. It is also concerned at reports of confusion between articles 113 and 124 of the Criminal Code due to insufficient training of prosecutorial, immigration and law enforcement personnel, as well as at the overall absence of an integrated and coordinated counter-trafficking framework, which hampers the provision of protection and support to victims (arts. 2, 10, 12–14 and 16).

32. The State party should :

(a) Vigorously implement international and domestic anti-trafficking legislation, allocate sufficient funds to combat trafficking and develop an integrated and coordinated counter-trafficking framework;

(b) Take effective measures to prevent and eradicate human trafficking, including by providing specialized training to public officials, in particular law enforcement, immigration and prosecutorial personnel, on how to identify victims and investigat e , prosecut e and sanction perpetrators;

(c) Ensure the effective implementation of the National Action Plan for 2015-2020 under the Law on Combating Trafficking in Persons and conduct national prevention campaigns highlighting the criminal nature of such acts;

(d) Promptly, effectively and impartially investigate the crime of trafficking in persons and related practices and prosecute and punish perpetrators in accordance with the gravity of the crime, including if they are police officers;

(e) Increase the protection of and provide redress to victims of trafficking, especially minors, including free legal aid, medical and psychological aid and rehabilitation, as well as access to adequate shelters and assistance in reporting incidents of trafficking to the police;

(f) Continue international cooperation in keeping with its obligations under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols , ratified by the State party in 2008, with regard to preventing and punishing trafficking; and prevent the return of trafficked persons to their countries of origin where there are substantial grounds to believe that they would be in danger of torture;

(g) Provide the Committee with comprehensive disaggregated data on the number of investigations, prosecutions and sentences handed down to perpetrators of human trafficking and on the provision of effective redress to the victims.

National human rights institution and the national preventive mechanism

33.While taking note of the pending draft law that will extend the mandate of the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia, including its designation as the national preventive mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the Convention, the Committee is concerned that the budget of the Commission has been decreased every year and that it may not have the necessary human resources to carry out its mandates (art. 2).

34. The State party should:

(a) Strengthen the mandate , including the existing authority to oversee activities of the police organization and its employees, of the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia in accordance with amended legislation, including in its capacity as the national preventive mechanism , which should be fully compliant with the Optional Protocol to the Convention and the guidelines on national preventive mechanisms of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ;

(b) Take steps to ensure the provision of sufficient financial and human resources and an appropriate structure to enable it to carry out its mandates independently and effectively, including through the formalization of a clear, transparent and participatory selection and appointment process, in accordance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights ( the Paris Principles ) .

Non-refoulement

35.The Committee is concerned that, while chapters 46 and 47 of the Code of Criminal Procedure regulating the extradition of foreign citizens or stateless persons who have committed crimes or have been sentenced to punishments in the territory of a foreign country provide for grounds for refusing extradition, they do not cover instances related to sufficient grounds to consider the risk of torture and that bilateral and multilateral extradition agreements concluded by the State party may not respect the principle of non-refoulement (arts. 2, 3 and 16).

36. The State party should :

(a) Take effective legislative, judicial and administrative measures to comply with its obligations regarding non-refoulement under article 3 of the Convention;

(b) Ensure that legislation that deals with the deportation of foreign citizens allows for appeals to courts against deportation orders to have a suspensive effect;

(c) Ensure that no person is expelled, returned or extradited to countries where there are substantial grounds for believing that he or she would be in danger of being subjected to torture;

(d) Ensure that the bilateral and multilateral extradition agreements concluded by the State party respect the principle of non-refoulement;

(e) Consider acceding to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol.

Training

37.While noting the training provided to the police, the Committee is concerned that other public officials do not receive sufficient training on the provisions of the Convention, including the absolute prohibition of torture, as well as on violence against women and human trafficking. It is also concerned that training on the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Istanbul Protocol) is not provided to all medical professionals dealing with persons deprived of liberty (art. 10).

38. The State party should:

(a) Make training on the provision s of the Convention and the absolute prohibition of torture , as well as on violence against women and human trafficking , mandatory for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and personnel of law enforcement agencies;

(b) Ensure that the Istanbul Protocol is made an essential part of the training for all medical professionals and other public officials involved in work with per sons deprived of their liberty;

(c) Develop and implement specific methodologies to assess the effectiveness and impact of training and educational programmes provided to law enforcement and other public officials on the provisions of the Convention on the reduction in the number of cases of torture.

Redress, including compensation and rehabilitation

39.While taking note that the law on compensation for moral injury has been modified and that the Code of Criminal Procedure allows for compensation to persons who have undergone both physical and moral injury, the Committee is concerned that no specific legislation exists to provide victims of torture and ill-treatment with redress, including adequate reparation and compensation (arts. 2 and 14).

40. The State party should enact legislation ensuring that victims of torture and ill-treatment have an enforceable right to redress, including fair and adequate compensation and rehabilitation , and create a fund to that effect . It should provide information on the number of requests for redress and compensation measures, the number granted by courts and the amounts ordered and provided in each case. In addition, the State party should provide information on any reparation programmes, including treatment of trauma and other forms of rehabilitation , provided to victims of torture and ill-treatment during the period under review.

Follow-up procedure

41. The Committee requests the State party to provide, by 12 August 2017, information on follow-up to the Committee’s recommendations on respect for fundamental legal safeguards and impunity (see paras. 12 (a) – (d) and 16 (a) – (d) ). In the same context, the State party is invited to inform the Committee about its plans for implementing , within the coming reporting period, some or all of the remaining recommendations in the concluding observations.

Other issues

42. The Committee reiterates its recommendation ( see CAT/C/ MNG /CO/ 1, para. 29 ) that the State party consider making the declarations envisaged under articles 21 and 22 of the Convention , to which the State party agreed during the u niversal p eriodic r eview .

43. The Committee invites the State party to ratify the core United Nations human rights treaties to which it is not yet party, namely, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance .

44. The State party is invited to submit its third periodic report, which will be the third periodic report, by 12 August 2020.