COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OFRACIAL DISCRIMINATION

CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF THE CONVENTION

Eleventh periodic reports of States parties due in 2003

Addendum

Portugal *

[3 February 2004]

* This document contains the tenth and eleventh periodic reports of Portugal, which were due on 23 September 2001 and 2003, combined in one document. For the ninth periodic report of Portugal, and the summary records of the Committee meetings at which the report was considered, see documents CERD/C/357/Add.1 and CERD/C/SR.1447, 1448 and 1461.

GE.04-41342 (E) 240604 290604

CONTENTS

Paragraphs Page

Introduction 1 - 35

Part One

General information

I.DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION 4 - 466

A.General 4 - 186

B.Aliens resident in Portugal in 2001 19 - 238

C.Aliens resident in Portugal in 2002 24 - 2520

D.Issuance of residence permits in 2002 26 - 2731

E.Naturalizations in 2000, 2001 and 2002 28 - 3032

F.Gypsy population 31 - 3239

G.Measures taken by the Government 33 - 3940

H.Local authority measures 40 - 4441

I.Civil society measures 45 - 4642

II.MAJOR CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS AGAINST RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 47 - 5042

III.CONSIDERATION OF THE GENERAL SITUATION WITH REGARD TO RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 51 - 5643

IV.INCIDENTS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 57 - 7844

A.Announcement in a daily newspaper 5844

B.Murder of a gypsy 59 - 6144

C.Noteworthy behaviour 6245

D.Racism and car hire 6345

E.Some positive developments 64 - 7845

CONTENTS (continued)

Paragraphs Page

V.RECENT DOMESTIC MEASURES TO COMBATRACISM AND INTOLERANCE 79 - 8448

VI.PARTICIPATION BY PORTUGAL IN ACTIVITIES OFINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 85 - 8750

Part Two

Information in connection with articles 2-7 of the Convention

I.ARTICLE 2 - Anti-racism policy 8850

II.ARTICLE 3 - Racial segregation 8950

III.ARTICLE 4 - Racist organizations 9051

IV.ARTICLE 5 - Equal rights of all before the tribunals 9151

V.ARTICLE 6 - Effective remedies 9251

VI.ARTICLE 7 - Education and information 93 - 11351

Part Three

Supplementary information

I.PRECEDENT 114 - 12255

A.Administrative precedent 114 - 11855

B.Judicial precedent 119 - 12261

II.SPECIFIC NATIONAL PROVISIONS 12362

III.ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS 124 - 13462

A.Housing 125 - 12962

B.Examples of improvements in living conditions forminority populations 130 - 13463

General conclusion 135 - 13764

Annexes*

Statistical tables

1.Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and district of residence (2001 final data)

2.Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and sex (2001 final data)

3.Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and district of residence (2002 provisional data, processed on 14 May 2003)

4.Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and sex (2002 provisional data, processed on 14 May 2003)

5.Issuance of residence permits, by nationality (2001)

6.Issuance of residence permits, by nationality (2002)

7.Residence permits granted, by nationality (2001 and 2002)

* These statistical annexes for 2001 and 2002 may be consulted in the files of the secretariat of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.

Introduction

1.Portugal introduced its ninth periodic report (CERD/C/357/Add.1) on 12 and 13 March 2001. As updated information was also provided at that time, the present report covers 2001, 2002 and the first half of 2003, since the tenth and eleventh reports are to be introduced on 23 September 2003, according to the schedule provided by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.

2.In its concluding observations (CERD/C/304/Add.117, 27 April 2001), the Committee requested additional information on the following points:

(a)Incidents of racial discrimination and xenophobia;

(b)The number of complaints brought before the courts;

(c)The number of complaints admitted to the Commission on Equality and Non‑Discrimination;

(d)The number of complaints settled by the Commission, and the outcome;

(e)Effective enjoyment by ethnic groups, including refugees, gypsies and citizens from the former colonies, of the rights set forth in article 5 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, namely equality and non-discriminatory treatment;

(f)The socio-economic situation of these groups and the implementation of general recommendation No. XX (equality and non-discriminatory treatment);

(g)The existence of information campaigns concerning complaints, the situation in terms of discrimination and means of combating discrimination; and

(h)The publicity given to the Committee’s reports and its general recommendations.

These questions would by themselves justify a report; they are at the heart of the report now being submitted by the Government.

3.The general structure of the report is as follows: part one deals, in chapter I, with the demographic status of the Portuguese population (number of aliens, residence by aliens, residence permits, naturalization, gypsies, etc.); there follows a fairly detailed analysis of the major constitutional provisions against discrimination (chap. II), the general situation with regard to discrimination (chap. III), some incidents of racial discrimination (chap. IV), recent domestic measures to combat racism and intolerance (chap. V), and, lastly, Portugal’s participation in the activities of international organizations (chap. VI). As customary, part two of the report is devoted to information in connection with articles 2 to 7 of the Convention. This year the report contains a third part comprising three chapters on precedent (chap. I), specific national provisions (chap. II) and economic, social and cultural rights (chap. III).

Part One

General information

I. DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION

A. General

4.Reference to the demographic composition of the population means necessarily analysing the situation of aliens. This is essentially governed by legislation on aliens, which seeks to regulate their situation in the country.

5.The Government that emerged from the legislative elections of 2002 changed the legal regime governing the entry into, stay in and removal from the national territory of aliens, relying on the legislative authority granted by Parliament under Act No. 22/2002, of 21 August. The new regime introduced under Decree Law No. 4/2001 of 10 January, led to a significant increase in the number of legal aliens, namely 346,000 at the end of 2001. The figures submitted in the report, provided by the Aliens and Border Service, relate to 2001-2002. The increase in the number of aliens legally present in Portugal led to a change in the law.

6.Decree Law No. 34/2003, of 25 February, stipulates that entry into and exit from Portuguese territory must be through authorized border posts during their hours of operation. Under article 26, aliens who enter the country via a crossing which is not controlled and who arrive from another Schengen country must report their entry within three working days of their arrival.

7.Entry is refused to aliens who do not meet all the conditions provided for by law or who constitute a danger or serious threat to public order, national security or international relations, relations between member States of the European Union, or relations between States governed by the Convention of Schengen. Entry and travel documents are regulated by articles 12 and 13.

8.Only aliens with sufficient means of subsistence for the period of their stay or who are in a position to legally acquire such means may enter the country. A document pledging responsibility for the alien’s stay must be produced by a foreign national or alien.

9.Authority to refuse entry rests with the Director-General of the Aliens and Border Service, the carrier being responsible for return of the alien if entry is refused. Appeal to the courts is possible, but without suspensory effect.

10.The visa regime is regulated under articles 27 et seq., with particular focus on work visas: a work visa allows its holder to enter Portugal with the intention of temporarily exercising a professional activity, whether as an employee or otherwise (art. 36).

11.The Government, in a notification from the Institute for Employment and Vocational Training (IEFP), produces a biennial report with a forecast of employment opportunities and sectors in which they exist and establishing an absolute maximum annual limit for aliens arriving from third States to exercise a professional activity. The report is drafted taking account of the following factors:

The needs of the market in general;

The need for labour in sectors of fundamental importance to the national economy; and

Geographical weighting of employment opportunities for foreign citizens in accordance with the absorption capacity of each district.

12.An employment visa allows its holder to engage in an ongoing professional activity. The holder must inform the Institute for Employment and Vocational Training of any change in the exercise of a professional activity, so as to ensure that it is in conformity with the above report. An employment visa is valid for multiple entries into Portuguese territory and may be granted for up to one year.

13.The right to family reunification is provided for in articles 56 et seq. A citizen resident for at least one year has the right to family reunification with members of the family who are outside the national territory and who lived with him in another country or who are his dependants. The beneficiaries of this right are the spouse, minor children or children lacking capacity in the charge of a couple or one spouse, adopted children, direct ascendants in the first degree of the resident or his spouse provided that they are dependent, minor siblings under the guardianship of the resident pursuant to a decision by a competent authority in the country of origin, provided that the decision is recognized by Portugal.

14.Article 101 provides for an accessory penalty of expulsion. This may be applied to any foreign citizen not resident in the country sentenced in connection with an intentional offence to a term of imprisonment greater than six months or an equivalent fine. This penalty may also be applied to a foreign citizen resident in Portugal sentenced in connection with an intentional offence to a term of imprisonment greater than one year. In such circumstances it is, however, necessary to take into account the gravity of the offence, the character of the person involved, the likelihood of reoffending, the degree of integration in society, special prevention and the length of residence in Portugal.

15.The accessory penalty of expulsion is not applied to resident aliens when they have dependent children who are resident in Portuguese territory, over whom they were effectively exercising parental authority at the time of the events that resulted in application of the penalty, and for whose maintenance and education they are responsible, provided that the child remains a minor during the anticipated term of the penalty. The penalty is also not applied when the children have been present in Portugal from before the age of 10 and are ordinarily resident in Portugal.

16.Expulsion is determined by the courts when it is an accessory penalty or when the alien has entered Portugal irregularly (art. 109). Expulsion is determined by the administrative authorities in the case of a citizen in illegal status.

17.Lastly, enterprises committing the violations addressed in this legislative instrument have criminal and civil liability. In particular, anyone assisting illegal immigration is liable to a prison term of up to three years.

18.The following information relates to 2001. For updated data for the second half of 2003, the reader is referred to the various statistical tables in the annex which are available for consultation with the Committee secretariat.

B. Aliens resident in Portugal in 2001

19.In 2001 the resident alien population of Portugal was 224,913, comprising 126,449 men and 98,464 women, according to provisional data for 2001 (processed by the Aliens and Border Service in January 2003).

20.There are 61,795 resident aliens from the other 14 European Union countries, with United Kingdom citizens being the most numerous (14,961). Nationals of other countries, non‑member States of the European Union, number 5,430.

21.Almost half the resident aliens - 107,946 - are from African countries: most are from the former Portuguese colonies; nationals of other African countries number only 5,906.

22.There is also a large number of aliens from the Americas: 10,212 aliens are nationals of Canada or the United States of America; 28,992 are from Central or South America, including 23,555 from Brazil. There are 9,721 Asians, including a significant number of Chinese (3,955) and Indians (1,374) as well as Pakistanis (1,039).

23.These figures give the following order:

Africans - 107,946, mostly from the former Portuguese colonies; European Union nationals - 67,225; Brazilians - 23,555; and Asians - 9,721.

Table 1

Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and sex (2001)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Overall total	224 913	126 449	98 464
Europe	67 225	35 771	31 454
European Union	61 795	32 952	28 843
Austria	590	319	271
Belgium	2 279	1 172	1 107
Denmark	827	464	363
Finland	550	237	313
France	7 824	4 096	3 728
Germany	11 166	6 164	5 002
Greece	160	87	73

Table 1 ( continued )
Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Ireland	495	233	262
Italy	3 385	2 081	1 304
Luxembourg	98	62	36
Netherlands	4 461	2 436	2 025
Spain	13 682	6 840	6 842
Sweden	1 317	711	606
United Kingdom	14 961	8 050	6 911
Other European	5 430	2 819	2 611
Albania	22	15	7
Andorra	9	1	8
Armenia	20	10	10
Belarus	40	9	31
Bosnia and Herzegovina	107	37	70
Bulgaria	435	235	200
Croatia	111	61	50
Czech Republic	44	14	30
Estonia	9	3	6
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	139	66	73
Former Czechoslovakia	69	38	31
Former Yugoslavia	149	90	59
Former USSR	308	147	161
Georgia	3	3	0
Hungary	136	55	81
Iceland	47	20	27
Kazakhstan	7	3	4
Latvia	12	3	9
Liechtenstein	5	4	1
Lithuania	18	8	10
Malta	4	1	3
Moldova	45	28	17
Monaco	2	1	1
Norway	567	324	243
Poland	249	112	137
Romania	512	329	183
Russia	598	233	365
Slovak Republic	14	7	7
Slovenia	13	8	5
Switzerland	1 405	768	637
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	24	19	5

Table 1 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Turkey	101	64	37
Turkmenistan	3	0	3
Ukraine	202	103	99
Uzbekistan	1	0	1
Africa	107 946	63 583	44 363
Angola	22 820	12 921	9 899
Cape Verde	50 223	28 746	21 477
Guinea-Bissau	17 884	12 514	5 370
Mozambique	4 768	2 584	2 184
Sao Tome and Principe	6 345	3 121	3 224
Other African	5 906	3 697	2 209
Algeria	107	82	25
Benin	6	4	2
Botswana	7	1	6
Burkina Faso	2	2	0
Burundi	2	1	1
Cameroon	33	20	13
Central African Republic	3	0	3
Chad	1	0	1
Congo (Democratic Republic)	296	185	111
Congo (Republic)	102	69	33
Côte d’Ivoire	101	67	34
Djibouti	1	0	1
Egypt	71	56	15
Equatorial Guinea	17	8	9
Ethiopia	13	3	10
Gabon	2	1	1
Gambia	6	5	1
Ghana	55	43	12
Guinea	740	527	213
Kenya	287	180	107
Lesotho	4	1	3
Liberia	40	38	2
Libya	43	29	14
Madagascar	6	1	5
Malawi	22	12	10
Mali	69	60	9
Mauritania	32	23	9
Mauritius	13	6	7
Morocco	566	369	197

Table 1 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Namibia	4	0	4
Nigeria	96	68	28
Rwanda	24	14	10
Saint Helena	8	3	5
Senegal	597	508	89
Seychelles	2	0	2
Sierra Leone	94	71	23
Somalia	1	1	0
South Africa	1 926	958	968
Sudan	17	12	5
Swaziland	12	6	6
Tanzania	332	182	150
Togo	15	15	0
Tunisia	38	25	13
Uganda	7	3	4
Zambia	9	7	2
Zimbabwe	77	31	46
North America	10 212	5 848	4 364
Canada	1 952	1 200	752
United States of America	8 044	4 561	3 483
Other North American	216	87	129
Bermuda	1	-1	2
Mexico	205	84	121
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	10	4	6
Central and South American	28 992	15 259	13 733
Brazil	23 555	12 150	11 405
Venezuela	3 529	2 202	1 327
Other Central and South American	1 908	907	1 001
Argentina	475	276	199
Barbados	2	2	0
Belize	1	1	0
Bolivia	32	19	13
Chile	215	107	108
Colombia	292	117	175
Costa Rica	15	6	9
Cuba	267	96	171
Dominica	1	1	0
Dominican Republic	42	7	35
Ecuador	123	54	69
El Salvador	12	8	4

Table 1 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Grenada	1	0	1
Guatemala	22	10	12
Guyana	20	11	9
Haiti	2	2	0
Honduras	10	4	6
Jamaica	2	1	1
Nicaragua	8	2	6
Panama	24	14	10
Paraguay	23	16	7
Peru	209	90	119
Dominican Republic	42	7	35
St. Kitts and Nevis	2	1	1
Suriname	4	4	0
Trinidad and Tobago	19	13	6
Uruguay	85	45	40
Asia	9 721	5 538	4 183
Afghanistan	3	2	1
Bahrain	16	16	0
Bangladesh	254	208	46
Cambodia	1	1	0
China	3 955	2 371	1 584
Cyprus	3	2	1
Hong Kong	295	150	145
India	1 374	650	724
Indonesia	16	2	14
Iran	592	346	246
Iraq	154	96	58
Israel	104	68	36
Japan	800	466	334
Jordan	80	49	31
Kuwait	19	11	8
Lebanon	192	108	84
Macao	1	0	1
Malaysia	44	27	17
Myanmar	2	0	2
Nepal	5	3	2
North Korea	11	5	6
Pakistan	1 039	661	378
Philippines	313	71	242
Qatar	2	1	1

Table 1 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Saudi Arabia	19	12	7
Singapore	42	14	28
South Korea	193	104	89
Sri Lanka	19	9	10
Syria	78	44	34
Taiwan	5	2	3
Thailand	66	24	42
Timor	2	0	2
United Arab Emirates	2	2	0
West Bank/Gaza Strip	10	7	3
Viet Nam	8	4	4
Yemen	2	2	0
Oceania	538	296	242
Australia	477	256	221
New Zealand	61	40	21
Stateless	273	152	121
Unknown	6	2	4

Source: Aliens and Border Service. Final data for 2001 (processed on 6 May 2003) are given in table 2 of the annex (available for consultation in the secretariat).

Note: Provisional data for 2001 (processed in January 2003).

Table 2

Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and district of residence

Nationality	Aveiro	Beja	Braga	Bragança	Castelo Branco	Coimbra	Évora	Faro	Guarda	Leiria	Lisboa	Portalegre	Porto	Santarém	Setúbal	Viana do Castelo	Vila Real	Viseu	Açores	Madeira
Overall total	8 187	1 158	3 606	418	719	6 003	1 059	29 272	855	2 998	122 258	768	13 152	1 799	23 289	1 599	713	1 618	2 606	2 836
Europe	1 709	927	1 361	177	321	2 691	616	17 788	293	1 253	26 599	494	5 367	734	3 025	924	208	485	675	1 578
European Union	1 464	877	1 194	161	287	2 546	592	16 849	275	1 131	24 253	467	4 938	653	2 712	870	190	393	567	1 376
Austria	27	10	16	3	7	36	11	114	2	8	222	6	49	8	10	1	1	4	13	42
Belgium	44	47	62	2	11	176	34	610	13	60	844	16	101	24	138	22	8	27	16	24
Denmark	41	44	2	0	0	23	4	234	5	9	287	5	101	1	29	7	0	0	4	31
Finland	16	1	6	0	0	17	0	201	0	6	186	0	64	1	15	5	1	1	0	30
France	412	45	305	29	71	327	42	919	69	322	3 474	24	677	128	410	190	41	89	134	116
Germany	222	302	244	14	47	369	106	3 469	57	182	3 506	34	1 077	76	626	68	18	59	263	427
Greece	8	0	8	0	1	13	0	17	0	0	84	0	15	1	2	2	0	2	0	7
Ireland	10	1	4	0	0	13	1	188	1	4	225	2	16	11	10	1	0	0	3	5
Italy	114	17	93	8	20	352	35	291	14	67	1 510	28	323	64	230	27	13	43	40	96
Luxembourg	2	1	2	1	0	8	2	20	1	9	31	2	10	0	1	2	1	5	0	0
Netherlands	59	120	43	-2	30	211	93	1 947	21	93	1 105	56	206	86	210	33	9	28	30	83
Spain	382	133	284	99	74	630	154	732	86	204	7 773	238	1 335	183	652	429	86	101	32	75
Sweden	12	5	14	0	1	44	91	292	1	8	694	3	64	5	58	3	1	7	5	9
United Kingdom	115	151	111	7	25	327	19	7 815	5	159	4 312	53	900	65	321	80	11	27	27	431
Other European	245	50	167	16	34	145	24	939	18	122	2 346	27	429	81	313	54	18	92	108	202
Albania	3	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	9	0	1	2	0	0	1	2	1	0
Andorra	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	0
Armenia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	3
Belarus	10	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	3	9	0	6	1	3	2	0	0	0	2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2	0	2	2	0	3	0	1	2	6	71	5	3	0	9	0	0	1	0	0
Bulgaria	39	1	9	0	0	9	2	53	1	6	179	0	34	9	22	7	1	51	3	9
Croatia	7	0	19	0	0	1	0	15	0	5	33	0	15	2	7	1	1	0	0	5
Czech Republic	0	1	1	2	1	1	0	9	0	0	14	0	3	0	7	0	1	1	1	2
Estonia	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	3	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	13	0	1	1	0	5	1	23	1	4	49	0	14	0	1	0	8	1	0	17
Former Czechoslovakia	8	0	2	0	2	1	0	0	0	1	34	2	16	0	0	0	0	1	0	2
Former Yugoslavia	2	0	5	1	0	2	1	23	0	1	68	0	30	3	6	0	-2	2	1	6
Former USSR	1	0	12	0	2	6	0	0	0	4	226	0	38	4	5	8	0	1	1	0
Georgia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	5	0	2	0	0	3	0	11	0	3	72	0	17	0	7	1	0	0	0	15

Table 2 (continued)

Nationality	Aveiro	Beja	Braga	Bragança	Castelo Branco	Coimbra	Évora	Faro	Guarda	Leiria	Lisboa	Portalegre	Porto	Santarém	Setúbal	Viana do Castelo	Vila Real	Viseu	Açores	Madeira
Iceland	7	0	0	0	0	-1	0	11	0	0	16	1	7	1	1	0	0	0	4	0
Kazakhstan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
Latvia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	4	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	2
Liechtenstein	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuania	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	6	0	6	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
Malta	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	8	0	1	9	0	3	1	19	0	0	1	0	0
Monaco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norway	15	4	7	0	2	25	1	146	1	10	263	2	21	1	31	5	0	1	4	28
Poland	16	0	9	2	2	5	0	26	5	3	130	1	25	3	11	2	0	1	4	4
Romania	27	2	43	5	1	17	3	58	0	13	251	1	16	20	44	6	1	2	0	2
Russia	51	0	12	0	9	28	3	65	0	5	279	0	44	11	56	6	3	3	9	14
Slovak Republic	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	4	1	0	3	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	-1	2
Slovenia	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	0	2	2	1	0	0	0	0	2
Switzerland	26	36	19	3	14	28	6	446	4	54	460	15	102	13	58	11	4	22	22	62
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	1	0	5	0	0	4	0	0	1	1	6	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	1	1
Turkey	3	1	9	0	0	0	3	14	0	‑1	50	0	10	1	5	1	0	0	2	3
Turkmenistan	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	6	2	6	0	1	3	2	12	2	1	69	0	8	2	9	1	0	1	56	21
Uzbekistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	1 352	110	743	113	146	1 520	241	7 645	145	735	72 630	157	2 741	577	17 929	154	159	243	333	273
Angola	424	26	311	58	39	465	56	924	60	201	15 345	77	904	184	3 424	66	79	111	18	48
Cape Verde	196	34	117	32	74	381	105	3 244	48	325	33 784	42	886	196	10 403	27	33	57	214	25
Guinea-Bissau	477	18	122	6	1	332	21	2 384	1	58	12 318	7	341	58	1 489	23	24	20	78	106
Mozambique	43	8	64	4	12	108	27	110	3	45	3 317	5	130	51	812	7	1	5	8	8
Sao Tome and Príncipe	75	3	37	3	6	115	22	80	5	12	4 463	17	109	28	1 334	0	8	22	2	4
Other African	137	21	92	10	14	119	10	903	28	94	3 403	9	371	60	467	31	14	28	13	82
Algeria	4	2	4	0	0	0	2	16	0	5	37	0	18	4	7	4	3	0	0	1
Benin	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Botswana	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkina Faso	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	-1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	11	0	9	0	10	0	0	0	0	1
Central African Republic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chad	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Table 2 (continued)

Nationality	Aveiro	Beja	Braga	Bragança	Castelo Branco	Coimbra	Évora	Faro	Guarda	Leiria	Lisboa	Portalegre	Porto	Santarém	Setúbal	Viana do Castelo	Vila Real	Viseu	Açores	Madeira
Congo (Democratic Republic)	26	0	16	2	4	4	0	5	7	7	176	1	23	1	16	1	5	2	0	0
Congo (Republic)	4	0	12	0	0	1	0	1	5	0	54	0	5	0	19	0	0	1	0	0
Côte d’Ivoire	14	0	0	0	1	1	0	12	0	1	48	0	3	1	20	0	0	0	0	0
Djibouti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	4	0	0	1	0	3	0	9	0	1	33	0	12	1	5	1	1	0	-1	1
Equatorial Guinea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	7	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	7	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Gabon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghana	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	9	3	2	31	0	6	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Guinea	16	-1	22	0	0	30	4	61	2	1	421	2	66	8	97	6	1	2	-3	5
Kenya	1	0	0	0	0	11	0	10	0	2	237	2	1	1	20	0	0	1	0	1
Lesotho	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Liberia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	35	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Libya	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	34	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
Madagascar	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malawi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
Mali	1	0	3	0	0	2	0	4	1	0	32	0	5	1	14	2	2	0	1	1
Mauritius	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	1
Mauritania	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	28	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1
Morocco	20	13	6	1	3	7	0	130	4	51	215	1	35	12	47	5	1	9	2	4
Namibia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	2	2	1	0	0	1	0	3	0	1	72	0	5	0	8	0	0	0	0	1
Rwanda	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	9	0	7	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Saint Helena	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	0	0
Senegal	3	0	5	3	2	9	1	37	0	0	442	0	61	5	25	1	0	1	0	2
Seychelles	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leone	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	2	0	0	86	0	2	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa	25	4	14	2	3	18	1	563	6	15	983	2	99	19	86	8	1	9	13	55
Sudan	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	13	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Swaziland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	6	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzania	0	0	0	0	0	26	0	3	0	0	254	0	0	2	47	0	0	0	0	0
Togo	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	12	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	2	0	2	0	0	1	0	7	0	0	14	0	5	3	2	1	0	1	0	0
Uganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Zambia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2
Zimbabwe	5	1	1	0	0	2	1	14	0	0	38	0	3	2	8	1	0	0	0	1

Table 2 (continued)

Nationality	Aveiro	Beja	Braga	Bragança	Castelo Branco	Coimbra	Évora	Faro	Guarda	Leiria	Lisboa	Portalegre	Porto	Santarém	Setúbal	Viana do Castelo	Vila Real	Viseu	Açores	Madeira
North America	778	23	88	10	54	327	25	886	172	344	5 036	16	267	135	257	148	25	123	1 398	100
Canada	148	0	20	6	15	120	3	328	0	137	516	0	41	36	75	-1	-3	15	490	6
USA	627	19	64	4	35	203	21	552	171	195	4 390	12	215	91	162	149	28	108	909	89
Other North American	3	4	4	0	4	4	1	6	1	12	130	4	11	8	20	0	0	0	-1	5
Bermuda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	‑3	2
Mexico	3	4	4	0	4	4	1	6	1	12	129	2	11	8	11	0	0	0	2	3
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	0	0
Central and South America	4 116	80	1 249	96	159	1 235	132	1 769	217	552	11 380	74	3 977	254	1 407	323	300	706	156	810
Brazil	2 277	66	1 146	84	139	1 006	124	1 236	196	481	10 128	73	3 521	218	1 216	290	280	665	141	268
Venezuela	1 755	5	54	2	1	179	1	314	11	14	315	0	257	11	59	10	4	21	7	509
Other Central and South American	84	9	49	10	19	50	7	219	10	57	937	1	199	25	132	23	16	20	8	33
Argentina	9	4	-4	0	9	10	2	104	6	29	209	0	38	10	23	6	1	8	3	8
Barbados	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belize	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivia	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	25	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1
Chile	8	2	5	1	1	3	0	20	1	4	126	1	11	6	22	1	1	1	0	1
Colombia	20	1	14	0	2	11	0	17	1	2	143	0	34	1	25	3	4	0	3	11
Costa Rica	1	-1	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	12	0	2	0	-1	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	14	1	12	1	1	8	0	25	0	13	127	0	36	1	15	4	1	1	2	5
Dominica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican Republic	2	0	0	2	0	0	1	3	0	2	25	0	2	0	3	0	0	1	0	1
Ecuador	6	1	8	4	0	2	1	15	0	3	47	0	26	1	4	0	2	0	0	3
El Salvador	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemala	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	11	0	1	2	5	1	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	13	0	0	0	0	1
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduras	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	2	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaragua	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	5	0	-1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
Panama	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	21	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	-4
Paraguay	0	0	5	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	0	8	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Peru	14	0	2	0	3	9	1	11	0	2	109	0	29	2	10	1	5	8	0	3
St. Kitts and Nevis	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Suriname	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	6	0	0	4	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	3
Uruguay	0	0	3	0	0	1	0	9	1	2	51	0	7	1	2	6	1	1	0	0

Table 2 (continued)

Nationality	Aveiro	Beja	Braga	Bragança	Castelo Branco	Coimbra	Évora	Faro	Guarda	Leiria	Lisboa	Portalegre	Porto	Santarém	Setúbal	Viana do Castelo	Vila Real	Viseu	Açores	Madeira
Asia	215	15	157	20	36	197	40	972	27	101	6 228	25	773	89	614	50	21	55	36	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Bahrain	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	5	0	9	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	20	0	2	3	0	12	0	0	153	0	26	1	29	5	0	1	1	1
Cambodia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
China	176	12	120	8	22	130	20	348	9	74	2 165	12	508	44	207	18	18	29	13	22
Cyprus	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	284	0	0	1	0	-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3
India	8	0	4	0	4	19	8	67	14	3	1 062	2	69	8	83	4	2	11	3	3
Indonesia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	13	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran	1	0	1	0	5	13	1	39	0	0	444	2	15	6	51	1	0	1	10	2
Iraq	2	0	0	2	0	0	0	6	0	0	96	0	3	2	43	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	77	7	3	0	4	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	7	0	0	11	1	13	1	5	592	2	73	11	50	16	1	1	1	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	32	0	1	43	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwait	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	13	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	40	0	6	128	0	3	1	9	0	0	1	0	0
Macao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysia	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	13	2	0	19	0	6	0	3	0	0	0	0	0
Myanmar	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Korea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	1	0	2	0	0	9	3	29	0	1	878	0	7	2	99	0	0	1	1	6
Philippines	5	1	1	1	0	2	4	36	0	8	196	0	12	11	19	2	0	9	3	3
Qatar	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	8	0	1	0	4	1	0	0	0	0
Singapore	0	0	2	0	2	0	0	3	0	0	23	0	7	2	2	1	0	0	0	0
South Korea	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	168	0	18	0	0	0	0	0	3	1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	13	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	3
Syria	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	19	0	1	47	0	1	0	3	2	0	0	0	3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thailand	3	1	0	0	1	0	0	6	1	2	40	0	8	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
Timor	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
West Bank/ Gaza Strip	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Yemen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Table 2 (continued)

Nationality	Aveiro	Beja	Braga	Bragança	Castelo Branco	Coimbra	Évora	Faro	Guarda	Leiria	Lisboa	Portalegre	Porto	Santarém	Setúbal	Viana do Castelo	Vila Real	Viseu	Açores	Madeira
Oceania	15	4	6	0	3	29	5	175	0	5	214	2	16	9	31	‑1	0	4	4	17
Australia	11	3	5	0	3	27	5	168	0	5	175	2	16	9	30	‑1	0	3	3	13
New Zealand	4	1	1	0	0	2	0	7	0	0	39	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	4
Stateless	2	0	2	2	0	1	0	36	1	8	169	0	11	1	26	1	0	1	4	8
Unknown	0	-1	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0

Note: Provisional data for 2001 (processed on 2 January 2003). Final data for 2001 (processed on 6 May 2003) are given in table 1 of the annex (available for consultation in the secretariat).

C. Aliens resident in Portugal in 2002

24.There was an increase in the alien population of Portugal in 2002. There was a total of 235,627, of which 112,550 were from Africa (with an increase in people from countries other than former Portuguese colonies, namely 6,217). European Union nationals totalled 65,393, there having been a decline between 2001 and 2002; the number of nationals of Eastern European countries increased to 5,990. The number of Brazilians also grew, increasing to 24,550. The same is true of Asians, whose numbers increased to 10,443, including 4,334 Chinese, 1,461 Indians and 1,123 Pakistanis).

25.The number of nationals of Portuguese-speaking African countries and Brazil is very significant and still increasing, but there has been a relative decline in the number of European Union nationals. The African component from the former colonies is also identifiable:  24,096 from Angola, 51,950 from Cape Verde (the biggest African community); 18,728 from Guinea‑Bissau; 6,689 from Sao Tome and Principe; and 4,870 from Mozambique. There are also 24,550 Brazilians. This gives an idea of the foreign component with cultural affinities as a result of colonization by Portugal, bonds that unite the Portuguese-speaking community. That also means that more than half, in fact almost two thirds, of the resident alien population are from Portuguese-speaking countries.

Table 3

Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and sex

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Overall total	235 627	131 448	104 179
Europe	71 383	37 838	33 545
European Union	65 393	34 728	30 665
Austria	631	343	288
Belgium	2 417	1 248	1 169
Denmark	857	478	379
Finland	567	242	325
France	8 295	4 335	3 960
Germany	11 779	6 468	5 311
Greece	171	89	82
Ireland	543	258	285
Italy	3 708	2 260	1 448
Luxembourg	110	70	40
Netherlands	4 756	2 582	2 174
Spain	14 479	7 185	7 294
Sweden	1 364	730	634
United Kingdom	15 716	8 440	7 276

Table 3 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Other European	5 990	3 110	2 880
Albania	24	16	8
Andorra	11	2	9
Armenia	21	11	10
Belarus	42	10	32
Bosnia and Herzegovina	111	37	74
Bulgaria	544	330	214
Croatia	113	62	51
Czech Republic	48	15	33
Estonia	13	4	9
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	147	69	78
Former Czechoslovakia	69	38	31
Former USSR	308	147	161
Former Yugoslavia	149	90	59
Georgia	6	5	1
Hungary	158	62	96
Iceland	52	22	30
Kazakhstan	15	6	9
Kyrgyzstan	1	0	1
Latvia	15	3	12
Liechtenstein	5	4	1
Lithuania	20	8	12
Malta	4	1	3
Moldova	71	44	27
Monaco	2	1	1
Norway	636	361	275
Poland	276	121	155
Romania	584	366	218
Russia	665	255	410
Slovak Republic	14	7	7
Slovenia	16	9	7
Switzerland	1 449	794	655
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	26	20	6
Turkey	110	69	41
Turkmenistan	3	0	3
Ukraine	261	121	140
Uzbekistan	1	0	1

Table 3 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Africa	112 550	65 741	46 809
Angola	24 096	13 488	10 608
Cape Verde	51 950	29 550	22 400
Guinea-Bissau	18 728	12 940	5 788
Mozambique	4 870	2 620	2 250
Sao Tome and Principe	6 689	3 277	3 412
Other African	6 217	3 866	2 351
Algeria	113	88	25
Benin	6	4	2
Botswana	8	1	7
Burkina Faso	3	2	1
Burundi	2	1	1
Cameroon	37	21	16
Central African Republic	3	0	3
Chad	1	0	1
Congo (Democratic Republic)	324	201	123
Congo (Republic)	105	69	36
Côte d’Ivoire	103	67	36
Djibouti	1	0	1
Egypt	79	63	16
Equatorial Guinea	19	10	9
Ethiopia	15	3	12
Gabon	2	1	1
Gambia	7	6	1
Ghana	59	45	14
Guinea	771	542	229
Kenya	288	180	108
Lesotho	4	1	3
Liberia	41	38	3
Libya	43	29	14
Madagascar	6	1	5
Malawi	22	12	10
Mali	71	60	11
Mauritania	34	24	10
Mauritius	12	5	7
Morocco	649	428	221
Namibia	4	0	4
Nigeria	103	73	30
Rwanda	25	14	11
Saint Helena	8	3	5
Senegal	663	544	119
Seychelles	2	0	2

Table 3 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Sierra Leone	95	72	23
Somalia	1	1	0
South Africa	1 976	974	1 002
Sudan	16	11	5
Swaziland	12	6	6
Tanzania	331	181	150
Togo	16	16	0
Tunisia	42	28	14
Uganda	7	3	4
Zambia	10	8	2
Zimbabwe	78	30	48
North America	10 230	5 849	4 381
Canada	1 940	1 192	748
USA	8 057	4 565	3 492
Other North American	233	92	141
Bermuda	3	1	2
Mexico	220	87	133
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	10	4	6
Central and South American	30 196	15 630	14 566
Brazil	24 550	12 497	12 053
Venezuela	3 573	2 170	1 403
Other Central and South American	2 073	963	1 110
Anguilla	1	1	0
Argentina	508	290	218
Barbados	2	2	0
Belize	1	1	0
Bolivia	35	21	14
Chile	225	112	113
Colombia	330	126	204
Costa Rica	15	6	9
Cuba	302	109	193
Dominica	1	1	0
Dominican Republic	47	7	40
Ecuador	146	63	83
El Salvador	13	8	5
Grenada	1	0	1
Guatemala	22	10	12
Guyana	23	11	12
Haiti	2	2	0
Honduras	10	4	6
Jamaica	3	1	2
Nicaragua	7	2	5

Table 3 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
Panama	17	9	8
Paraguay	24	17	7
Peru	220	96	124
Saint Kitts and Nevis	6	2	4
Suriname	4	4	0
Trinidad and Tobago	19	13	6
Uruguay	89	45	44
Asia	10 443	5 938	4 505
Afghanistan	4	3	1
Bahrain	16	16	0
Bangladesh	353	277	76
Cambodia	1	1	0
China	4 334	2 544	1 790
Cyprus	3	2	1
Hong Kong	296	150	146
India	1 461	711	750
Indonesia	18	3	15
Iran	597	349	248
Iraq	154	96	58
Israel	109	72	37
Japan	814	471	343
Jordan	81	50	31
Kuwait	19	11	8
Lebanon	194	109	85
Macao	2	0	2
Malaysia	45	27	18
Myanmar	2	0	2
Nepal	8	3	5
North Korea	15	8	7
Pakistan	1 123	724	399
Philippines	329	78	251
Qatar	2	1	1
Saudi Arabia	19	12	7
Singapore	42	14	28
South Korea	205	111	94
Sri Lanka	20	9	11
Syria	78	44	34
Taiwan	5	2	3
Thailand	69	24	45
Timor	2	0	2
United Arab Emirates	2	2	0
Viet Nam	8	4	4

Table 3 (continued)

Nationality	Sex
Total	Men	Women
West Bank/Gaza Strip	11	8	3
Yemen	2	2	0
Oceania	545	297	248
Australia	483	257	226
New Zealand	62	40	22
Stateless	273	152	121
Unknown	7	3	4

Note: Provisional data as at 30 November 2002. The data processed on 14 May 2003 are given in table 4 of the annex (available for consultation in the secretariat).

Table 4

Resident alien population of Portugal, by nationality and district of residence

Nationality	Aveiro	Beja	Braga	Bragança	Castelo Branco	Coimbra	Évora	Faro	Guarda	Leiria	Lisboa	Portalegre	Porto	Santarém	Setúbal	Viana do Castelo	Vila Real	Viseu	Açores	Madeira
Overall total	8 527	1 247	3 734	456	785	6 564	1 159	30 936	953	3 193	127 043	823	13 790	1 938	24 626	1 700	744	1 679	2 714	3 016
Europe	1 824	1 003	1 470	196	345	3 125	670	18 970	342	1 353	27 725	525	5 682	778	3 175	997	242	525	728	1 708
European Union	1 552	945	1 298	179	304	2 964	636	17 928	323	1 210	25 243	495	5 122	688	2 820	937	222	425	614	1 488
Austria	28	10	18	3	7	37	11	125	2	8	239	6	52	8	11	1	2	4	14	45
Belgium	44	48	62	2	11	197	37	664	13	61	884	16	107	23	144	22	9	31	19	23
Denmark	45	44	2	0	0	26	4	240	5	9	296	5	105	1	29	7	0	0	4	35
Finland	16	1	6	0	0	21	1	204	1	6	190	0	66	1	15	6	1	1	0	31
France	431	47	335	33	77	368	52	988	77	365	3 592	27	711	134	427	203	60	97	141	130
Germany	240	336	257	15	50	422	109	3 670	72	189	3 650	36	1 111	86	640	70	19	62	286	459
Greece	8	0	8	0	1	18	0	17	0	0	87	0	17	1	2	3	0	2	0	7
Ireland	10	1	4	0	0	14	1	217	1	5	235	2	18	13	11	1	0	0	4	6
Italy	127	17	109	8	24	450	41	311	15	69	1 605	31	337	66	243	30	15	50	49	111
Luxembourg	5	1	2	1	0	9	2	20	1	9	36	2	10	1	1	2	1	7	0	0
Netherlands	57	128	45	‑2	30	240	104	2 082	27	103	1 161	66	212	88	225	35	9	30	30	86
Spain	409	142	320	108	78	755	163	791	101	212	8 109	244	1 379	194	683	473	94	105	34	85
Sweden	13	7	14	0	1	45	91	305	1	8	714	3	70	5	59	3	1	9	5	10
United Kingdom	119	163	116	11	25	362	20	8 294	7	166	4 445	57	927	67	330	81	11	27	28	460
Other European	272	58	172	17	41	161	34	1 042	19	143	2 482	30	560	90	355	60	20	100	114	220
Albania	4	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	10	0	1	2	0	0	1	2	1	0
Andorra	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0
Armenia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	16	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	3
Belarus	10	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	3	10	0	7	1	3	2	0	0	0	2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2	0	2	2	0	3	0	1	2	6	72	5	4	0	9	0	0	1	0	2
Bulgaria	42	1	8	0	1	12	2	59	1	6	183	0	120	9	25	7	0	52	6	10
Croatia	7	0	19	0	0	1	0	15	0	5	34	0	15	2	7	1	1	0	0	6
Czech Republic	0	1	1	2	1	1	0	9	0	1	14	0	3	0	8	0	1	3	1	2
Estonia	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	5	0	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	15	0	1	1	0	5	2	23	1	4	50	0	14	0	1	0	8	1	1	20
Former Czechoslovakia	8	0	2	0	2	1	0	0	0	1	34	2	16	0	0	0	0	1	0	2
Former USSR	1	0	12	0	2	6	0	0	0	4	226	0	38	4	5	8	0	1	1	0
Former Yugoslavia	2	0	5	1	0	2	1	23	0	1	68	0	30	3	6	0	-2	2	1	6
Georgia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	4	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	5	0	2	0	0	3	1	16	0	4	72	0	26	0	8	1	0	1	0	19
Iceland	7	0	0	0	0	1	0	11	0	0	19	1	7	1	1	0	0	0	4	0
Kazakhstan	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	4	3	0	2	1	2	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyzstan	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0