COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILDForty-fifth session21 May-8 June 2007
WRITTEN REPLIES BY THE GOVERNMENT OF MALDIVES CONCERNING THE LIST OF ISSUES (CRC/C/MDV/Q/3) RECEIVED BY THE COMMITTEEON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD RELATING TO THE CONSIDERATION OF THE SECOND AND THIRD COMBINED PERIODIC REPORT OF MALDIVES(CRC/C/MDV/3)*
[Received on 17 January 2007]
Part I
A. Data and Statistics
1.Disaggregated statistical data (by sex, age groups, ethnic groups, urban and rural areas) from 2003-2005 on the number and percentage of children under 18 years living in Maldives.
|
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||
|
Age group |
Male |
Female |
Both sex |
Age group |
Male |
Female |
Both sex |
|
|
Total |
72 347 |
69 811 |
142 158 |
Total |
71 460 |
68 774 |
140 234 |
|
|
0-4 |
14 488 |
13 906 |
28 394 |
0-4 |
14 214 |
13 566 |
27 780 |
|
|
5-9 |
17 269 |
16 637 |
33 906 |
5-9 |
16 469 |
15 894 |
32 363 |
|
|
10-14 |
20 696 |
19 836 |
40 532 |
10-14 |
20 136 |
19 306 |
39 442 |
|
|
15-19 |
19 894 |
19 432 |
39 326 |
15-19 |
20 641 |
20 008 |
40 649 |
|
|
2005 |
||||||||
|
Age group |
Male |
Female |
Both sex |
Percentage of children under 18 living in |
||||
Total |
70 249 |
67 449 |
137 698 |
Maldives |
||||
|
5-9 |
15 710 |
15 176 |
30 886 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
||
|
10-14 |
19 495 |
18 705 |
38 200 |
47.46 |
46.14 |
44.72 |
||
|
15-19 |
21 084 |
20 328 |
41 412 |
Data desegrated by atolls and urban and rural areas is not available.
Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development.
2.Disaggregated data on budget allocations and trends (in absolute figures and percentages of the national and regional budgets) from 2004-2006 regarding the implementation of the Convention evaluating also the budgetary expenditures given to the following:
(a) Education
According to the Ministry of Education, budgeting data is not available for different levels of schools since most schools in the Maldives have two or there different levels of schooling (ie, primary, secondary and higher secondary). A rough estimate based on the proportion of students attending different levels of schooling is provided in Annex 1.
According to the Ministry of Finance and Treasury, 18.8% of the government budget was allocated for the Education Sector in 2003 while 13.7 percent was allocated in 2005 and 13.0 percent in 2006.
(b) Health care
According to the Ministry of Health, disaggregated data on budget allocations for the health sector are not available at the moment. However data on budget allocations for health and welfare as a whole is available from the Ministry of Finance and Treasury. In 2004, 14.9 percent of the government finances were allocated for health and welfare while in 2005, 16.5 percent was allocated and in 2006 11.4 percent of the govt. spending was on health and welfare.
(c) Programmes and services for children with disabilities
Those who are registered as blind receive a monthly payment of MRF 300.00 from Ministry of Finance and Treasury. Currently there are 8 recipients (out of 200 recipients) registered as blind who are under the age of 18 years.
Children with disabilities also benefit through the disability fund which provides financial support to obtain assistive devices (such as crutches, wheelchairs, special seats ‑specially designed chairs for children with cerebral palsy - spectacles and hearing aids).
(d) Support programmes for families
The Ministry of Gender and Family is mainly responsible for providing support programmes for children and families.
Budget allocations from 2003-2005 for MGF
|
Year |
Funds allocated (Mrf) |
Expenses (Mrf) |
|
2003 |
651 193.02 |
3 881 805.1 |
|
2004 |
6 325 400.90 |
4 766 413.2 |
|
2005 |
6 674 050.90 |
5 492 756.9 |
Source: Ministry of Gender and Family.
The majority of the government of Maldives funds allocated for the Ministry of Gender and Family from 2003-2005 is for the social security section which essentially provides financial assistance to those in need of medical support. The rest of the budget is spent for recurrent costs run the ministry and the expenses incurred for training and capacity building through participation in international, regional and national meetings, conferences, seminars and workshops.
It should be noted that the programmes for families and children conducted by the Ministry of Gender and Family are almost exclusively funded by UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP, British Council, Canadian International Development Assistance (CIDA) and other international organizations.
(e) Support for children living below the poverty line
Children living in poor households could be living below the poverty line. However a poverty line is not defined by Maldives and no known poverty line is in use. People living in poverty could apply for assistance from the Absolute Poverty Scheme. The criteria for determining the threshold is, living on not more than one meal a day; has less than 2 sets of clothing; and has no shelter to live in. However, for those who apply for this assistance but do not fit the above mentioned criteria are considered after a very thorough assessment of their living conditions. A monthly payment of MRF 500.00 is given under this scheme.
In 2006, there are 27 recipients (out of 608 recipients) registered in this scheme who are under the age of 18 years.
Apart from this the disability fund mentioned in c) also provides assistance to the disabled children who need assistance.
(f)Protection of children who are in need of alternative care including kafalah and the support of care institutions
The Maldives has two institutions established for children.
(1)The Children’s Home in Villingili (started operating in 2004)
|
2004 |
2005 |
|
|
Allocation |
Mrf 747 891 |
Mrf 1 616 284 |
|
Expenditure |
Mrf 416 182 |
Mrf 1 894 068 |
(2)ETCC
This centre caters for boys between 9-18 years.
Budget allocated to the Educational and Training Centre for Children, based in Maafushi Island.
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
|
|
Allocation |
Mrf 3 915 899 |
Mrf 4 497 994 |
Mrf 5 653 427 |
Source: Ministry of Education.
Currently Maldives does not have a system of kafalah established.
(g)Programmes and activities for the prevention of and protection from child abuse, child sexual exploitation and child labour
As mentioned in d) the Ministry of Gender and Family is mainly responsible for providing services to the children in Maldives including protection services. However as already mentioned budget allocations disaggregated by finances allocated to protection services and those allocated for women and families and other recurrent costs are not available. Moreover almost all the children protection services and programmes are funded exclusively by the international organizations as mentioned in d).
(h) Programmes and services for internally displaced children
Almost all the programmes and services provided for the internally displaced children were provided by funds from international organizations.
( i ) Juvenile justice and the recovery and social reintegration of juvenile offenders
So far no budgetary allocations have been made specifically for juvenile justice and the recovery and social reintegration of juvenile offenders. However as mentioned in Part III a number of programmes are underway although much of them are funded by UNICEF Maldives.
3. Disaggregated data (by sex, age groups, urban and rural areas) from 2003-2005 on the number of children;
(a) Separated from their parents
Number of Children seperated from their parents by theirsex, age and region
Atoll and island |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
|||
|
Sex |
Age |
Sex |
Age |
Sex |
Age |
|
|
K. Male’ |
Female |
1 month |
Male |
5months |
Male |
1 Day |
|
Female |
3 months |
Female |
10months |
Female |
4 Days |
|
|
Female |
2 Days |
|||||
|
Female |
1 month |
|||||
|
Female |
14 Years |
|||||
|
Gn. Fohmulah |
Female |
1month |
Source: Family Court, Ministry of Justice.
(b) Placed in institutions
Maldives have two institutions established for children.
(1)The Children’s Home in Villingli established in 2004.
This is the only home established for children in Maldives. As a rule only children below the age of 9 are kept in the home. But currently children below 18 in difficult circumstances are placed in the children’s home until appropriate alternative arrangements can be made. Boys over the age of 9 are placed in the Education and Training Centre for Children in Maafushi. There is no such institution for girls.
Apart from this children above 9 years are kept in the home for those who have been placed on a temporary emergency basis.
|
2004 |
Age groups |
Female |
Male |
|
0-2 |
2 |
1 |
|
2-5 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
6-9 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
9 and above |
4 |
||
|
2005 |
0-2 |
4 |
1 |
|
2-5 |
3 |
5 |
|
|
6-9 |
2 |
4 |
|
|
9 and above |
2 |
5 |
Source: Child and Family Protection Services, Ministry of Gender and Family.
(2)The Education and Training Centre for Children in Maafushi
Number of children placed in the Education and Training Centre for Children
|
Year |
Female |
Male |
Total |
|
2003 |
0 |
53 |
53 |
|
2004 |
0 |
52 |
52 |
|
2005 |
0 |
34 |
34 |
Source: Ministry of Education.
(c) Placed through kafalah
Maldives does not have a system of kafalah established as yet.
4. The number of children with disabilities up to the age of 18 disaggregated by sex, age groups, urban and rural areas, from 2003-2005
(a) Living with their families
As yet Maldives does not have a national registry of people with disabilities.
(b) Living in institutions
Currently there is one 12 year old boy living in the Villingili Home for Children because there is no institution established for children with disabilities.
(c) Placed through kafalah
Maldives does not have a system of kafalah established as yet.
(d) Attending regular schools
Although there are students with special needs attending regular schools, except for the numbers mentioned in 2(c) no specific data is available on them. Mapping for this data is initiated for pre-school aged children under a UNICEF-funded Educational Development Centre (Ministry of Education) project.
There are at present 4 schools with classes for special needs children; three of these are in Male’ and one is in Meemu atoll. (See table below)
Number of Children Attending Special Needs Classes
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
||||
School |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
|
Jamaaluddeen School (Male’) |
29 |
37 |
12 |
19 |
13 |
18 |
|
Imaaduddeen School (Male’) |
- |
- |
19 |
26 |
26 |
25 |
|
Ghiyaasuddeen School (Male’) |
- |
- |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
Mulaku School (Meemu atoll) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4 |
2 |
Source: Ministry of Education.
(e) Attending special schools
Above students with special needs attend regular schools with special needs classes, but there are no special needs schools separately.
(f) Not attending schools
According to the Ministry of Education this data is not available.
5. Disaggregated statistical data (by sex, age groups, urban and rural) from 2003-2005
(a) Infant and child mortality rates
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births, 2003-2005
|
’03 |
’04# |
’05 |
|
|
Republic |
14 |
15 |
12 |
|
Male |
15 |
16 |
11 |
|
Female |
13 |
13 |
13 |
|
Atolls |
18 |
18 |
12 |
|
Male |
17 |
17 |
14 |
|
Female |
18 |
19 |
10 |
|
Male’ |
8 |
10 |
12 |
|
Male |
13 |
14 |
8 |
|
Female |
3 |
6 |
16 |
# 9% of infant mortality in 2004 is due to tsunami. |
Under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births, 2003-2005
|
’03 |
’04* |
05 |
|
|
Republic |
18 |
22 |
16 |
|
Male |
22 |
23 |
14 |
|
Female |
15 |
21 |
17 |
|
Atolls |
24 |
30 |
18 |
|
Male |
27 |
28 |
18 |
|
Female |
21 |
31 |
17 |
|
Male’ |
10 |
11 |
13 |
|
Male |
14 |
16 |
10 |
|
Female |
4 |
7 |
18 |
|
Source: Ministry of Health. |
|||
|
* 21% of <5 mortality is due to tsunami. |
(b) Rates of immunization
Vaccine coverage in the Maldives, 2003-2005
|
’03 |
’04 |
’05 |
|||
|
BCG |
98.0% |
98% |
99% |
||
|
DPT 3 |
97.5% |
96% |
98% |
||
|
Polio 3 |
97.0% |
96% |
98% |
4th dose |
|
|
Measles |
96.0% |
97% |
97% |
||
|
Tetanus |
95.0% |
95% |
92% |
(5th dose % age) |
|
|
Hepatitis B 3 |
97.5% |
97% |
98% |
||
|
Source: Ministry of Health. |
(c) Rates of malnutrition
|
Under-nutrition among children <5yrs old |
1996 |
2001 |
|
Under weight |
43% |
30% |
|
Stunting |
30% |
25% |
|
Wasting |
17% |
13% |
|
Source: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 1996 and 2001. |
(d) Children infected with and/or affected by HIV/AIDS
None.
(e)In the area of adolescent health, the rates of early pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse, suicide and other mental health problems
Number of live births by teenage mothers 2005
Year 2005Sex |
Mothers’ age in years |
|||||||
|
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
Total |
|
|
Male’ |
||||||||
|
Female |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
10 |
45 |
57 |
|
Male |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
33 |
44 |
|
Total for Male’ |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
17 |
78 |
101 |
|
Atolls |
||||||||
|
Female |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
22 |
71 |
97 |
|
Male |
0 |
1 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
22 |
59 |
89 |
|
Total for Atolls |
0 |
1 |
0 |
4 |
7 |
44 |
130 |
186 |
|
Republic |
||||||||
|
Female |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
32 |
116 |
154 |
|
Male |
0 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
5 |
29 |
92 |
133 |
|
Total for Republic |
0 |
1 |
1 |
7 |
9 |
61 |
208 |
287 |
Source: Ministry of Health.
Statistical information on health issues due to tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse, suicide and other mental health problems are not available.
(f)Number of health professionals working in the health-care services for children.
Data on health care professionals working specifically in the health care service for children is not available. However aggregated data on health care services are provided in Annex 3.
6. Disaggregated data (by age, sex, urban and rural) from 2003-2005 on:
(a) The number of reported child abuse cases
Child abuse cases reported to the Family and ChildProtection Unit of the Police
|
2003 |
Sex |
|
|
Male |
Female |
|
|
Child Abuse (Physical) |
19 |
10 |
|
Child Abuse (Sexual) |
17 |
32 |
|
Negligence |
11 |
5 |
|
2004 |
||
|
Child Abuse (Physical) |
10 |
1 |
|
Child Abuse (Sexual) |
9 |
33 |
|
Negligence |
11 |
14 |
|
2005 |
||
|
Child Abuse (Physical) |
6 |
10 |
|
Child Abuse (Sexual) |
9 |
39 |
|
Negligence |
22 |
20 |
Source: Child and Family Protection Sevices, Ministry of Gender and Family.
(b)Number and percentage of reports of child abuse which have resulted in either a court decision or other types of follow-up
According to the Maldives Police Service there were:
A total of 24 child abuse cases were prosecuted in 2003 and 19 of these cases were charged.
In 2004, 10 child abuse cases were prosecuted and 8 of the cases were charged.
In 2005, 13 child abuse cases were prosecuted and 9 cases were charged.
(c)Number and proportion of child victims who have received counseling and assistance in recovery.
All the child abuse cases referred to the Family and Child Protection Unit of the Police are referred to the Child and Family Protection Services of the Ministry of Gender and Family for counseling and assistance in recovery and vice versa.
7. Criteria for poverty and the number of children living below the poverty line.
There is no official poverty line defined. Currently we do not have a count of children living below the poverty line. The Ministry of Higher Education, Employment and Social Security is working with the World Bank in developing a social safety net programme that would address the needs of children living in poverty.
8. Disaggregated statistical data (by sex, age groups, urban and rural, internally displaced children) from 2003-2005.
(a) Rates of literacy (below 18 years)
There is no data on literacy rates below 18 years of age. There may be some data available from the National Census, but according to the Ministry of Planning and National Development data has not been “cleaned up” sufficiently.
(b) Rate of enrolment in pre-primary, primary and in secondary schools
Pre-Primary level (Nur, LKG, UKG) - Age 3-5
|
Level/Age Group |
Gross Enrolment Ratio |
||
|
Female |
Male |
Both Sexes |
|
|
2004 |
76.1 |
75.5 |
75.8 |
|
2005 |
79.5 |
80.1 |
79.8 |
Primary |
Net Enrolment Ratio |
||
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
|
|
Both Sexes |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Female |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Male |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Lower Secondary |
Net Enrolment Ratio |
||
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
|
|
Both Sexes |
51.7 |
52.1 |
64.6 |
|
Female |
56.4 |
58.2 |
70.7 |
|
Male |
47.2 |
46.3 |
58.8 |
|
Higher Secondary |
Net Enrolment Ratio |
||
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
|
|
Both Sexes |
1.8 |
3.9 |
7.2 |
|
Female |
2.2 |
4.3 |
7.8 |
|
Male |
1.7 |
3.5 |
6.7 |
Source: Ministry of Education.
(c) Percentage of children completing primary and secondary education
There are no specific completion rates since no studies have been done on cohorts going through primary and secondary schooling. Therefore data in Annex 4 has been provided that shows the completion figures for the different schools for the years specified in the grades which are the final grades for each level.
(d) Number and percentage of repetitions
The Ministry of Education does not have information on student drop outs at the moment.
See Annex 2.
(e) Teacher per child and number of children per class.
|
Student Teacher Ratio |
|||
|
Regions |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
Republic |
17.4 |
19.9 |
18.2 |
|
Male’ |
19.6 |
22.4 |
23.1 |
|
Atolls |
16.7 |
19.1 |
16.7 |
|
Haa Alifu |
17.5 |
19.4 |
15.2 |
|
Haa Dhaalu |
17.7 |
22.6 |
18.6 |
|
Shaviyani |
15.4 |
18.1 |
15.4 |
|
Noonu |
18.8 |
22.2 |
20.4 |
|
Raa |
16.9 |
19.2 |
19.4 |
|
Baa |
15.5 |
15.3 |
12.5 |
|
Lhaviyani |
16.8 |
17.5 |
16.3 |
|
Kaafu |
16.6 |
17.9 |
16.9 |
|
Alifu Alifu |
12.9 |
15.9 |
14.1 |
|
Alifu Dhaalu |
16.2 |
21.0 |
15.9 |
|
Vaavu |
11.5 |
10.9 |
10.5 |
|
Meemu |
14.1 |
15.9 |
13.0 |
|
Faafu |
13.9 |
18.2 |
15.9 |
|
Dhaalu |
16.0 |
17.7 |
18.1 |
|
Thaa |
16.0 |
19.6 |
14.9 |
|
Laamu |
17.7 |
18.5 |
16.2 |
|
Gaafu Alifu |
17.2 |
25.4 |
17.0 |
|
Gaafu Dhaalu |
17.7 |
19.3 |
17.1 |
|
Gnaviyani |
15.7 |
18.2 |
14.7 |
|
Seenu |
17.9 |
19.6 |
22.1 |
Source: Ministry of Education.
9. Disaggregated statistical data (including by sex, age and type of crime) from 2003 ‑2005 on the number of:
(a)Persons below 18, who have allegedly committed a crime, reported to the police.
|
Category |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 as at Sept. 30 |
|
Reported cases |
Reported cases |
Reported cases |
Reported cases |
|
|
Theft and burglary |
34 |
138 |
34 |
55 |
|
Robbery |
3 |
21 |
7 |
9 |
|
Sexual abuse |
51 |
262 |
83 |
151 |
|
Substance abuse |
4 |
35 |
7 |
22 |
|
Assault |
19 |
48 |
20 |
48 |
(b)Persons below 18 who have been charged with a crime and of them those who are sentenced and the type of punishment or sanctions related to offences including length of deprivation of liberty.
2005
Sex |
Sentence |
|
Sexual Misconduct |
3 Females |
4 months 20 days house arrest |
|
Neglect |
1 Male |
2 months house arrest |
|
Deceitful Behaviour |
1 Male |
2 months house arrest |
|
Mugging |
1 Male |
4 months house arrest |
|
Premarital Sex |
4 Females |
8 months house arrest |
|
Participation in Unlawful Gatherings |
1 Male |
4 months house arrest |
|
Assault & Battery |
2 Males |
2 months house arrest |
|
6 months house arrest |
||
|
Disobedience |
7 Males and |
6 months house arrest |
|
1 Female |
2 Years house arrest |
|
|
2 months house arrest |
||
|
20 Days house arrest |
||
|
Substance Abuse |
2 Males |
1 year 2 months house arrest |
|
Gang Robbery |
7 Males |
8 months house arrest |
|
1 Year in jail |
||
|
1 year house arrest |
||
|
Driving without License |
17 Males |
20 Days house arrest |
|
2 months house arrest |
||
|
Drug Abuse/Illegal Possession |
7 Males and 1 Female |
3 Years 4 months house arrestLife in prison |
|
Theft |
23 Males |
8 months house arrest |
|
1 year house arrest |
||
|
4 months house arrest |
||
|
2 years 5 months house arrest |
||
|
1 Year 3 months and 10 dayshouse arrest |
2004
|
Category |
No. of cases and sex |
Sentence |
|
Theft |
36 Males |
House arrest for 4 months |
|
House arrest for 8 months |
||
House arrest for 1 year |
||
|
House arrest for 1 year and 8 months |
||
|
House arrest for 2 years 1 month and 10 days |
||
|
Driving without a licence |
13 Males and 1 Female |
House arrest for 2 months |
|
Pre-Marital sex |
1 Male and 15 Females |
House arrest for 8 months |
|
Disobedience |
18 Males and |
House arrest for 2 months |
4 Females |
House arrest for 4 months |
|
|
House arrest for 8 months |
||
|
Hit and Run |
2 Males |
House arrest for 2 months |
|
Gang Robbery |
9 Males |
House arrest for 8 months |
House arrest for 1 year |
||
|
Sexual Misconduct |
2 Males and |
House arrest for 20 days |
2 Females |
House arrest for 4 months and 20 days |
|
House arrest for 8 months |
||
|
Homosexual Activity |
1 Male |
House arrest for 6 months |
|
Assault and Battery |
9 Males |
House arrest for 20 days |
|
House arrest for 2 months |
||
|
Deceitful behaviour |
2 Males |
House arrest for 4 months |
|
Mugging |
6 Males |
House arrest for 4 months |
|
House arrest for 8 months |
||
|
False Witness |
2 Males |
House arrest for 2 months |
|
Alcohol Consumption |
1 Male |
House arrest for 8 months |
|
Substance abuse |
5 Males |
House arrest for 2 months |
|
House arrest for 4 months and 20 days |
||
|
House arrest for 1 year and 4 months |
||
|
Drug abuse/Illegal Possession |
3 Males and 2 Females |
House arrest for 3 years and 4 months |
|
Involvement of illegal gatherings |
3 Males |
House arrest for 2 months |
2003
|
Category |
No. of cases and sex |
Sentence |
|
Sexual Misconduct |
4 Males and |
20 days house arrest |
|
1 Female |
4 months 10 days house arrest |
|
|
4 months 20 days house arrest |
||
|
Homosexual Activity |
2 Males |
6 months house arrest |
|
Sexual abuse |
3 Males |
2 years house arrest |
|
Civil Disobedience |
2 Males |
2 months house arrest |
|
False Witness |
1 Male and 1 Female |
2 months house arrest |
|
Mugging |
7 Males |
4 months house arrest |
|
8 months house arrest |
||
|
Possession of pornography |
1 Male |
2 months house arrest |
|
Participation in Unlawful |
18 Males |
2 months house arrest |
|
Gatherings |
4 months house arrest |
|
|
8 months house arrest |
||
|
5 months 10 days house arrest |
||
|
Assault & Battery |
8 Males |
2 months house arrest |
|
3 years 4 months house arrest |
||
|
Disobedience |
49 Males and 8 Females |
2 months house arrest |
|
Substance Abuse |
1 Male |
1 year 4 months house arrest |
|
Gang Robbery |
4 Males and |
6 months house arrest |
|
1 Female |
1 year house arrest |
|
|
1 year 10 months house arrest |
||
|
Driving without License |
25 Males and 1 Female |
2 months house arrest |
|
Drug Abuse/Illegal Possession |
15 Males and 1 Female |
3 years 2 months house arrest |
|
3 years 4 months house arrest |
||
|
Theft |
62 Males and |
2 months house arrest |
|
1 Female |
4 months house arrest |
|
|
8 months house arrest |
||
|
1 year house arrest |
||
|
1 year 4 months house arrest |
||
|
1 year 8 months house arrest |
||
|
1 year 9 months house arrest |
||
|
2 years 1 month 10 days house arrest |
||
|
2 years 3 months 10 days house arrest |
||
|
3 years 2 months house arrest |
||
|
3 years 3 months 10 days house arrest |
||
|
3 years 4 months house arrest |
(c) Detention facilities for persons below 18 in conflict with law and their capacity
Currently there are no detention facilities for persons below 18 years. Those who are under detention are placed under house arrest until their cases can be prosecuted.
(d) Persons below 18 detained in these facilities and person below
There are no detention facilities for under-18 year olds in Maldives.
(e) Persons below 18 kept in pretrial detention and the average length of their detention
There are no detention facilities for under-18 year olds.
Average detention period of persons below 18 years
|
Substance abuse |
Theft and burglary |
Assault |
Sexual abuse |
Traffic related |
||||||
|
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
|
|
2003 |
32 days |
36 days |
26 days |
8 days |
38 days |
nil |
31 days |
9 days |
17 days |
nil |
|
2004 |
33 days |
18 days |
22 days |
15 days |
24 days |
10 days |
18 days |
nil |
10 days |
nil |
|
2005 |
28 days |
28 days |
24 days |
60 days |
28 days |
nil |
57 days |
82 days |
30 days |
nil |
Source: Maldives Police Services.
(f) Reported cases of abuse and maltreatment of persons below 18 occurred during their arrest and detention
No reported cases.
(g) Persons under 18 tried and sentenced as adults
None.
10.With reference to special protection measures statistical data from 2003-2005 on the number of children
( a) Involved in sexual exploitation and the number of children provided with access to recovery and other assistance
No. of child sexual abuse cases |
No. of prostitution cases |
|
|
2003 |
75 |
3 |
|
2004 |
62 |
2 |
|
2005 |
89 |
9 |
Source: Maldives Police Services.
(b) Involved in substance abuse and the number of children who received treatment and recovery assistance
Number of children arrested for substance abuse:
2003: 67
2004: 50
2005: 57
(c) Involved in child labour
Child labour (below 14 years of age) is prohibited in the Employment Regulation. There are no recorded instances of child labour.
(d) Unaccompanied asylum-seeking, refugee and displaced children
None.
B. General measures of implementation
(1)Specific information on activities meant to implement recommendations contained in the Committee’s previous concluding observation on the initial report of Maldives regarding children discrimination against children with disabilities, children born out of wedlock, the prevention of ill-treatment of children, including sexual abuse, the prevalence of malnutrition, the issue of drug abuse and the administration of juvenile justice etc. Please explain the obstacles to implementation and how the State party envisages overcoming them.
|
Programs/activities |
Obstacles to implementation |
|
Children with disabilitiesApart from the disability fund which provides special chairs and equipments for the disabled and the special needs classes, very little progress has been made towards eliminating discrimination against disabled children. |
Lack of understanding and lack of knowledge on the prevalence of people and children with disabilities. |
|
Children born out of wedlockA birth registration programme was conducted by the Ministry of Gender and Family in 2004. The programme facilitated the issue of birth certificates to illegitimate children through the Municipality. |
The sharia very strongly prohibits inheritance with regards to illegitimate children. However they can still be provided for throughwills. |
|
The prevalence of malnutritionA number of programmes have been conducted through out Maldives for school children which provided vitamin A and D capsules for children. |
Lack of knowledge and understanding on nutrition among parents especially in the islands. |
Issue of drug AbuseAwareness programs for parents and children via mediaSurvey to conduct on the prevalence of drugs - glue sniffing (December 2006)Working with the construction industry creating awareness among the construction industries on how to discard Dunlop and other forms of glue used in the construction industry. |
Lack of trained personnel working with children who misuse drugsDue to the geographical location of the island it is difficult to reach the wider communityLack of resources and means to provide programmes. |
|
Issues on Sexual Abuse (SA) Awareness programs for parents, children and schools on SALeaflets, books on SASurvey on SA. |
Lack of trained personnel working with victims of sexual abuseLaws and legislations need to be strengthenedWork need to be done with perpetrators of sexual abuseDue to the geographical location of the islands it is difficult to disseminate information and conduct the wider. |
|
Juvenile Justice Family ConferencingFC practices that were practiced in selected courts of the Maldives, as a pilotThis programme is being revisited, and aligned with the more popular and effective restorative justice approach of Community Conferencing and the establishment of the juvenile justice unitJuvenile Justice Unit (JJU), which would work with children in conflict with the law, diverting them from the formal justice system. (See Part III for more detail). |
(2) With regard to the review of the Maldivian Constitution by the Constitutional Assembly.
The Maldives is going through a major political reform process including the review of the existing constitution. The Ministry of Gender has written to the Attorney General requesting for a review of the existing reservations to the CRC with a view to look at possibilities for withdrawal.
(3)Updated information on the plans and/or measures taken to review and harmonize the Law on the Protection of the Rights of the Child to fully comply with the provisions and principles enshrined in the Convention.
The Child and Family Protection Authority has planned with UNICEF to undertake a review of the existing legislations, with a view to identify the gaps and challenges that exist in the current legislations and to harmonize them with the CRC. The project was planned to be outsourced, however, UNICEF encountered difficulties in getting the right consultants for the project. However, Defense for Children International of the Republic of Netherlands has expressed their support in rendering their expertise. TOR is being revised by UNICEF in accordance with the needs of the government of Maldives and the plan proposed by Defense for Children International. It is anticipated that work will begin in early 2007.
Similarly as human rights are a key component in the reviewed syllabus of the Police Recruitment Training Course. Starting from the Police Recruitment Course - 10 (2 July ‑ 14 October 2006) the reviewed syllabus was introduced and as a result greater emphasis is given to all UN conventions, to which Maldives is a signatory, including the CRC. In addition it is intended to conduct a human rights workshop within the next six months for all the police officers in the service. The trainers who will be conducting these workshops has already done the ‘Human Rights Training of Trainers workshop conducted by the Human Rights Unit of the Commonwealth Secretariat from 4th to 8th November 2006 in Male’”.
Moreover under an ongoing project with the UNICEF, the Family and Child Protection Unit (FCPU) of Maldives Police Service will strengthen its capacity to intervene in the best interest of the child in the investigations and follow up of the cases reported. Under this project a better multidisciplinary family and child protection system a better training module for FCPU staff will be developed. In addition, the existing database at the FCPU will be strengthened to show the situation of children as victims and offenders in the Maldives.
(4)Information on cases, if anywhere the Convention has been directly invoked in domestic courts.
The Convention has not been directly invoked in any domestic courts to date.
(5)Measure undertaken to strengthen data and statistical collection mechanisms and procedures with regard to the implementation of all provisions of the Convention.
The Ministry of Gender and Family is planning to develop indicators for Maldives with regards to both CRC and CEDAW and develop databases to systematically collect and record statistical and qualitative information on these indicators with the assistance of an international consultant. We hope to develop the database by the end of 2007.
In July 2006 the Ministry of Gender and Family conducted a desk review on juvenile delinquency in Maldives with the help of an international consultant and it provides recommendations on strengthening the existing protection services data bases in all the stakeholder agencies such as the Child and Family Protection Services of the Ministry of Gender and Family, the Family and Child Protection Unit of the Police, Juvenile Court and the Penitentiary. The report is not finalized yet. However it would be finalized and recommendations discussed with stakeholders in early 2007.
(6)Information on the activities of the Human Rights Commission particularly related to the implementation of the Convention and the number of individual complaints investigated and their outcomes. Also how the independence of the Human Rights Commission is ensured in the light of the Paris Principal.
In 2004 Human Rights Commission of the Maldives conducted one Workshop regarding CEDAW and CRC. Due to the following circumstances, the Commission was unable to carry out further activities in relation to CRC.
The Human Rights Commission of the Maldives (HRCM) was establishment by a Presidential decree on 10 December 2003. On 18th August 2005 the President ratified the Human Rights Commission's Act (Law no. 1/2005). However, the Commission has been unable to function, since the three months specified in the Act for the appointment of members to the Commission expired without members being appointed. The Speaker of the People's Majlis then declared that members of the Commission could only be appointed when the HRC Act was amended.
Almost a year passed without the Act being amended and with the Commission being without members. The Human Rights Commission's Act (Law no. 6/2006) was ratified on 17 August 2006 and it is hoped that new members would be appointed before the end of this year and the Commission would function properly.
HRCM have received some complaints regarding children and investigations were undertaken until September 2005, due to circumstances mentioned above. The investigations were not concluded and a decision could not be reached.
HRC Act 2006, although is not fully compliant with the Paris Principles, however, meets most of the requirements of the Paris Principles.
You can find further information from the Annual Reports of the Commission 2004 and 2005. Furthermore, HRCM issued a Baseline Human Rights Survey "The Rights Side of Life" earlier this year. This report will provide valuable information on people's knowledge and attitudes towards human rights on which the Commission can base its programs and organize its priorities.
(7)Updated information on the coordination activities of the restructured Ministry of Gender and Family and a Multi-sectoral Working Group on Childhood Protection.
In order to implement the convention, state obligations relevant to the sectors in the multi-sectoral committee are translated into series of activities either initiated by the Child and Family Protection Authority of the Ministry of Gender and Family or by the sectors in the committee. In this regard, most work has been done in the area of strengthening the laws and regulations pertaining to child rights. The committee has coordinated in drafting a regulation on taking children into state care, amending the regulation on ‘Regulations on conducting Trial’ and drafting the regulation on investigation of child deaths.
(8)Information on the measures taken to implement the National Plan of Action for the well being of the Maldivian Child 2001-210 and to monitor and evaluate its implementation.
Ministry of Gender and Family has the responsibility to coordinate the implementation of the National Plan of Action for the Wellbeing of the Maldivian Child. Since 2003 various sectors have been implementing its activities. However, it is only in late 2005 that a separate section has been set up at the Ministry to monitor and evaluate its implementation. The Ministry of Gender and Family is of the view that the Action Plan needs to be reviewed due to the many social and political changes taking place in the country, to ensure that relevant issues related to child rights in Maldives are fully incorporated in the Plan. As such, in 2007 the Action Plan will be reviewed. At present, a review of the implementation on the National Plan will be incorporated into the mid-term review of the World Fit for Children’s Report.
(9) Information on the efforts of the State party to:
(a) Draft a National Disability Policy
Currently the Ministry of Higher Education, Employment and Social Security is working with Handicap International Belgium, an international NGO, in developing a national policy for People with Disabilities. The first draft of the policy is being discussed within the relevant government agencies.
(b) Enact an Education Act
The first draft of a comprehensive Education Bill has been formulated, incorporating wide consultations with a variety of stakeholders, both in Male' and the Atolls, as well as various government bodies. Presently the document is in the process of being translated into Dhivehi language, to present to the Parliament. The final copy will be ready and consultation with the Law Commission will be initiated before the end of 2006 and the Bill will be tabled in the Parliament in 2007.
(c) Enact a Labour Law
First reading and Second reading of the Employment Bill, which has been submitted to the parliament in February 2006 has been completed. Now the bill is in the committee stage. The MPs agreed to the broad principles stipulated in the Bill.
(d) Draft a Juvenile Justice Act
Efforts are being made to draft a Juvenile Justice Act in the Maldives with UNICEF assistance. This is an activity which has been calendared for 2006, and currently the process of identifying an international consultant on the same is ongoing.
(10) Information on the content and the results of implementation of
(a) The Vision 2020
The content of the Vision 2020 relevant to children are:
“Ten years of formal schooling will be the minimum standard throughout the Maldives and the country will enjoy good quality tertiary education. A system for the provision of technical skills needed for achieving and sustaining social and economic development will also be established”
“The Maldives will be a more urbanized country, providing satisfactory living conditions to all. The people will have greater awareness of and commitment to healthy lifestyles. Good quality medical care would be available to all citizens in the area in which they live, and will enjoy the benefits of a health insurance scheme and that will enable them to meet their medical needs.”
“People will live in a more caring society, one in which family ties are even stronger than at present.”
The Government of Maldives develops its 5-year national development plans with a view to achieve the vision 2020.
(b) The Seventh National Development Plan
The plan hasn’t been finalized yet. The content relevant to child protection and child rights are in the table below.
|
Programme |
Status |
Develop training programmes and increase awareness through existing training institutes child protection. |
Diploma course in social work and child protection developed in FHS and social work course taught in the atolls by 2006. |
|
Research the situation of women, children and gender based violence in the Maldives. |
Research on violence against children completed by 2007. |
|
Improve data collection for managing children’s services and child protection by developing a database to be used centrally and in the atolls, incorporating statistical requirements of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); and formulating a policy on data protection and information sharing. |
CRC Database developed and launched by 2006 Policy on data protection and information sharing developed by 2007. |
Establish databases to gather information on gender related issues, including incidents associated with gender based violence, as well as cases of child abuse. |
Cases of gender based violence reported to MGF documented annually Database on cases of child abuse and gender based violence developed at Family Protection unit of IGMH hospital in Male’ by 2006. |
|
Develop and strengthen a multisector support system to protect the rights of children and vulnerable women. |
Family Protection Unit created at IGMH for victims of child abuse and gender based violence by 2006 Multi-sector referral system established by 2006 Regular meetings of the multi-sector child protection system held from 2006 onwards Services provided in Children, Women and Family Protection Service Centres in 20 atolls by 2010 Mandate, protocols and procedures on the provision of social services developed by 2006. |
|
Develop a child protection system centrally and then decentralise the services. |
Legal definition of child abuse approved by 2006 National Child Protection Policy developed by 2006 Awareness-raising on the NCP policy carried out during the period 2006-2010. |
|
Coordinate, monitor and evaluate child protection services provided by social service providers, NGOs and CBOs. |
Monitoring and evaluation of child protection services carried out from 2008 onwards Number of serious cases reviews undertaken from 2008 onwards. |
|
Improve access to support services for vulnerable children and families. |
Telephone helpline established by 2007 Number of NGOs and CBOs providing therapeutic services increased by 2010 Number of vulnerable children and families accessing support services increased each year. |
|
Build professional capacity for the provision of decentralised social services to children and families in need. |
Number of counsellors trained at the Faculty of Health Sciences increased by 2010 30 social service assistants to work at island level trained each year Number of social service providers trained abroad increased by 2008 Short-term training on the provision of social services provided to people with background in social sectors in 6 atolls each year. |
(c) The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
According to the UNDP office in Maldives and the Ministry of Planning and National Development the information contained in the Seventh National Development Plan is going to be essentially the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper of the Maldives once it is finalized.
(11)Information on the situation of internally displaced children after the tsunami in 2004.
These children are enrolled in the schools in host islands and Ministry of Education provided books and necessary items for the last 2 years through UNICEF funds. Some of them have migrated to Male’ and are attending schools in Male’. Health services are also obtained through the health care providers in host islands. Ministry of Gender and Family is setting up safe play areas on host islands and tsunami affected islands on which people have gone back to live. The aim is to help reintegration of children into host communities and to help them recover from the trauma of the disaster. To date 4 safe play areas have been established by the Ministry of Gender and Family in host islands and tsunami affected islands. The MoGF has planned to start the Social Protection Centers on the 7 Tsunami affected atolls with the aim of providing them with a mechanism to report incidences of neglect, abuse and domestic violence or any issue pertaining to the well-being of families. The CFPS of MoGF provide interventions in situations where the resources are not available in the atoll. These interventions have lead to children being removed from their families and placing them in alternative care arrangements due to extreme neglect of children in the family.
(12)Updated information on efforts to disseminate the Convention, the State party report and the previous concluding observations of the Committee.
The Convention has been translated into the local language, and it has been distributed since 1992 in training workshops, given out in advocacy and awareness raising events and made available for the public at the Ministry of Gender and Family. A simplified version was produced for children and copies were disseminated to all schools in the country in 2003. However the state party report and the concluding observations were not published and disseminated to the public. The concluding observations were shared with the government agencies that contributed to the implementation of the Convention.
(13)Updated information on efforts made to provide training, awareness on the Convention and on human rights in general, to children, parents, teachers, social workers, and other professionals working with and for children.
Awareness programs conducted:
A number of programmes have been conducted focused on students and teachers and school management;
Similarly a number awareness programs have been conducted in the atolls;
Awareness programs for parents and children via media;
Moreover a number of booklets and posters has been developed and distributed widely across the nation.
Training programmes:
Two people from each island have been trained as Child Protection Workers.
(14)Updated information on the cooperation between State Party and the international community including non-governmental organizations in the efforts to implement the Convention.
The majority of the programmes regarding child protection and child rights are funded by UNICEF, UNFPA, British Council and other international agencies. Moreover Maldives is a participatory to the SAARC two conventions on child rights i.e.
(15)Issues affecting children that Maldives considers to be priorities requiring the most urgent attention with regard to the implementation of the Convention.
Drug misuse among children and young people and juvenile delinquency appear to be the most pressing issues affecting children. All preliminary work is completed to establish a juvenile Justice Unit and is awaiting approval of the cabinet. The drafting of the Juvenile Justice Act is underway. The situation of drug misuse among young people have been assessed with the assistance of UNICEF and recommendations have been submitted to the Attorney General’s Office. The Narcotics Act is being amended and it has been proposed to privatize drug rehabilitation services. While the government does not favour institutional rehabilitation of children misusing drugs, such an option have to be sought for children addicted to heroin;
Child victims of sexual abuse;
Girls home for children who are victims of sexual abuse and violence.
Part II
Copies of the text of the Convention in the local language would be forwarded by post.
Part III
Updated information on new bills or enacted legislations
Even though there are no new enacted legislations, the Government of Maldives is working toward strengthening the rights of children in the Country. To this effect, amendments have be drafted for Clause 173 of Regulation on Conducting Trials and Sentencing - 6 which prescribed punishments for sexual offences. The new amendments propose harsher penalties to paedophiles and distinguish sexual offences committed between adults and children. Also, Regulation on Removing Children from their Families by the State has been drafted and is currently being circulated amongst stakeholders for their input. Efforts are also under way to formulate regulation on foster care.
New institutions
Ministry of Justice
The Ministry of Justice has proposed the establishment of a Juvenile Justice Unit (JJU), which would work with children in conflict with the law, diverting them from the formal justice system. The main principle behind the proposed JJU is restorative justice, and it is suggested the Community Conferencing, research and data collection be a part of its mandate. Further, emphasis has been laid on the importance of all mechanisms working with and for children to make a concerted effort.
The concept paper on the establishment of the JJU has been presented to the President’s Office, and is pending approval.
Newly implemented policies
Ministry of Justice
During the last few years, it has been recognized that the Maldivian justice system needs to accommodate a mechanism through which children in conflict with law are given an opportunity to rehabilitate and reintegrate back into their societies. It is also recognized that the current system criminalizes people too readily, and that there are minimal exit points, with little or no correlation between criminal culpability and their corresponding sentences.
Therefore, efforts are being made to introduce a restorative juvenile justice model, as proposed by Professors Polk and Alder, a key step of which is the establishment of the Juvenile Justice Unit (see above).
Newly implemented programmes and projects and their scope
Ministry of Gender and Family Programmes
Decentralization of social services to the atolls.
This would fasten the process of reporting of abuse cases which would assist in intervention, aware the community on issues in relation to child protection and enhance community mobilization.
Mentoring.
Introduction of mentoring programme for children in conflict with the law and delinquents.
This involves a variety of activities including help with study and drawing up a study/school training plan and ensuring it is stuck to; practical help with visits to other services; emotional support when dealing with personal problems and addictions; and organizing positive recreation and sporting activities.
For young people coming out of detention, the support or a mentor can be helpful in setting them back into the community, especially if their families are not able to provide as much support as may be needed. This would assist the child to be away from further involvement with criminal behaviour.
Study on children and substance abuse specifically glue sniffing.
An assessment study on children and substance abuse is going to be conducted before the end of 2007. A national consultation group is currently conducting the study and the results are expected shortly.
Desk review on Juvenile Delinquency
A desk review on the current status of juvenile delinquency in Maldives was conducted in July 2006 with the help of an international consultant. The consultant also looked at current laws and regulations relevant to child rights and provided an analysis of current existing databases in the Maldives Police Services and the Ministry of Gender and Family. Hence based on the review the report provides a list of recommendations with regards to strengthening protection with regards to juvenile delinquency. The report is still in its draft stage and is expected to be completed by the end of 2007.
The Child and Family Protection Authority has started a program on strengthening the legislations to safeguard children’s protection rights and in this regard has jointly with other law enforcement agencies to amend the rules on adjudicating and sentencing of people charged with sexual offences. The amendment include, abolishing the previous sentencing option of banishment and proposing only medium and long term jail sentences for those found guilty of committing child sexual abuse, all forms of sexual exploitation. The amendments also propose to remove the previous presumption of consent of the minor in cases where a post pubertal child is involved. The amendments have been sent to the attorney generals office for approval and endorsement.
Moreover the Child and Family Protection Authority has submitted a proposal on the Labour bill currently in parliament, on setting the minimum age of employment at 16 and declares maximum number of working hours for children between 16-18 years and has proposed to specify types of work that children between 16-18 years cannot be employed in. Such type of work include work that involves hazards for children, requires long working hours and shift duties and employment in armed forces and the police services.
Maldives has become an associate member of ChildHelp line International and the Child and Family Protection Authority is working with Child Helpline International Asia Pacific Office to set up child helpline services in the Maldives in early 2007. Stakeholder discussions are to take place in early December 2006.
Ministry of Justice Programmes
The Government of Maldives (GOM) and UNICEF have jointly been working on the Juvenile Justice Project since 2004. During this time, it was decided that the Family Conferencing (FC) practices that were then being practiced in selected courts of the Maldives, as a pilot, will be revisited, and aligned with the more popular and effective restorative justice approach. This decision was also largely influenced, and took the path directed by the work of Professors Polk and Alder who developed the “Strategic Plan for the Reform of the Juvenile Justice System of the Maldives”, which is included in the Criminal Justice Action Plan, compiled by the Attorney General’s Office.
In this regard, UNICEF consultant Dr. Ingrid van Welzenis visited the Maldives to assess the situation, and design a way in which Family Conferencing, in accordance with the restorative model of justice, could be implemented in the Maldives. After wide consultations, Dr. Ingrid van Welzenis wrote the “Report on Existing Family Conferencing Practices in the Maldives”, and proposed the “Procedures and Guidelines for Implementation of Family Conferencing in the Maldives”, which falls within the ambit of the propositions of Professors Polk and Alder. This paper was accepted by the GOM, and work commenced to implement the same.
Accordingly, UNICEF assisted the GOM to conduct Training of Trainers (ToT), who would train FC facilitators. In the first ToT group, 8 people were trained, and they had try-out training in Alif Dhaal Atoll (A. Dh) Atoll, under the guidance of Dr. Ingrid van Welzenis. At the try-out training, which was essentially a Training of Facilitators (ToF) session, 1 FC facilitator from each of the inhabited island in the atoll was trained.
In the following visit, Dr. Ingrid van Welzenis did a further ToT, for a batch of 18, and try-out trainings (ToF) were conducted in Laamu and Raa Atolls.
After the trainings, the fact that FC was not functional in the atolls was attributed, mainly to the following:
1.Lack of an authority (Juvenile Justice Unit) to coordinate and monitor matters.
2.Lack of a legal framework.
3.Staff overseeing project overburdened with work.
4.Selection of ToT and ToF participants.
5.Problems with the translation of the FC Facilitator’s Workbook.
Of the issues mentioned above, a temporary measure has been taken with regards to the legal framework, whereby s. 23 the regulations concerning juveniles in conflict with the law, which came into effect in February 2006, states that Community Conferencing (CC) could be implemented, as under guidelines formulated by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), in atolls/islands the MoJ decides it should be targeted at. It should be noted that the activities under the UNICEF project include development of a Juvenile Justice Act (JJA) which would address the issue more holistically.
Further, Internal Guidelines for the Community Conferencing Branch of the JJU, and the Collaboration Procedures between Line Agencies and the Community Conferencing Branch of the JJU have been developed by Dr. Ingrid van Welzenis in 2006. The Terms of Reference for a consultant to develop the Juvenile Justice Act has also been developed, and work on the Act will commence shortly.
Annex 1
Education sector budget allocations
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
|||||||||
|
Education sector budget (Mrf) |
461 082 296.0 |
513 936 877.0 |
747 058 611.0 |
937 607 054.0 |
||||||||
|
Number of students enrolled |
Number of students |
Ratio (percentage of total) |
Total budget |
Number of students |
Ratio (percentage of total) |
Budget by ratio |
Number of students |
Ratio (percentage of total) |
Budget by ratio |
Student data not confirmed |
||
|
Pre-primary |
11 206 |
10.7 |
49 518 776.8 |
13 075 |
12.55546 |
64 527 114.7 |
13 505 |
13.24461 |
98 945 006.6 |
|||
|
Primary |
66 169 |
63.4 |
292 397 639.0 |
63 300 |
60.78473 |
312 395 132.6 |
57 873 |
56.75715 |
424 009 208.9 |
|||
|
Secondary |
25 486 |
24.4 |
112 621 412.2 |
26 141 |
25.10227 |
129 009 813.0 |
28 646 |
28.09368 |
209 876 242.8 |
|||
|
Higher secondary |
1 481 |
1.4 |
6 544 468.0 |
1 622 |
1.557549 |
8 004 816.8 |
1 942 |
1.904556 |
14 228 152.7 |
Note: As the budgets are not planned according to whether schools are in particular levels, and since most schools outside Male’ have two or three levels of students, these figures have been derived based on the ratio of students at each level.
Additionally, it is estimated that supporting students at higher secondary level costs about 20 to 30 per cent more than students at other levels.
Annex 2
|
Question - 8 (d) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Repetition rate by grade by gender (March - 2004) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Grade |
Grade 1 |
Grade 2 |
Grade 3 |
Grade 4 |
Grade 5 |
Grade 6 |
Grade 7 |
Grade 8 |
Grade 9 |
Grade 10 |
Grade 11 |
Grade 12 |
||||||||||||
|
Gender |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
|
Repetition rate (%) |
1.6 |
1.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
2.3 |
2.9 |
6.1 |
8.7 |
14.3 |
19.7 |
27.3 |
30.4 |
12.4 |
10.0 |
12.0 |
10.9 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Repetition rate by grade by gender (March - 2005) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Grade |
Grade 1 |
Grade 2 |
Grade 3 |
Grade 4 |
Grade 5 |
Grade 6 |
Grade 7 |
Grade 8 |
Grade 9 |
Grade 10 |
Grade 11 |
Grade 12 |
||||||||||||
|
Gender |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
|
Repetition rate (%) |
0.2 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
2.5 |
4.6 |
6.2 |
15.4 |
17.9 |
10.3 |
11.2 |
9.3 |
7.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Annex 3
distribution of medical staff in male’ and atolls - 2005
|
Personnel |
Republic |
Male’ |
Atolls |
||||||
|
Both sexes |
Male |
Female |
Both sexes |
Male |
Female |
Both sexes |
Male |
Female |
|
|
Doctors |
379 |
288 |
91 |
188 |
116 |
72 |
191 |
172 |
19 |
|
General duty doctors |
232 |
180 |
52 |
95 |
52 |
43 |
137 |
128 |
9 |
|
Specialists |
147 |
108 |
39 |
93 |
64 |
29 |
54 |
44 |
10 |
|
Nurses |
974 |
21 |
953 |
466 |
3 |
463 |
508 |
18 |
490 |
|
Staff nurses |
605 |
16 |
589 |
383 |
3 |
380 |
222 |
13 |
209 |
|
Nurses |
369 |
5 |
364 |
83 |
0 |
83 |
286 |
5 |
281 |
|
Paramedical staff |
564 |
126 |
155 |
359 |
73 |
112 |
205 |
53 |
43 |
|
Laboratory technicians |
148 |
64 |
84 |
83 |
30 |
53 |
65 |
34 |
31 |
|
Laboratory assistants |
43 |
8 |
35 |
31 |
4 |
27 |
12 |
4 |
8 |
|
Physiotherapists |
20 |
13 |
7 |
15 |
11 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
|
Radiographers |
31 |
25 |
6 |
18 |
13 |
5 |
13 |
12 |
1 |
|
Microscopist |
8 |
0 |
8 |
8 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Microbiologist |
4 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Food technologist |
4 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Dentist |
16 |
9 |
7 |
16 |
9 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Dental mechanic |
5 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
Dental hygenist |
2 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Pharmacists/pharmacy asst.* |
283 |
174 |
109 |
||||||
|
Community health personnel |
934 |
177 |
757 |
22 |
3 |
19 |
912 |
174 |
738 |
|
Community health workers |
207 |
113 |
94 |
21 |
3 |
18 |
186 |
110 |
76 |
|
Family health workers |
341 |
64 |
277 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
340 |
64 |
276 |
|
Midwives ( Foolhuma ) |
386 |
0 |
386 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
386 |
0 |
386 |
|
Trained |
334 |
0 |
334 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
334 |
0 |
334 |
|
Untrained |
52 |
0 |
52 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
52 |
0 |
52 |
Source: Ministry of Health, Health Information and Research Section.
* Sex-wise not available/registered number only.
DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL STAFF IN MALE’ AND ATOLLS - 2004
|
Personnel |
Republic |
Male’ |
Atolls |
||||||
|
Both sexes |
Male |
Female |
Both sexes |
Male |
Female |
Both sexes |
Male |
Female |
|
|
Doctors |
302 |
233 |
69 |
150 |
97 |
53 |
152 |
136 |
16 |
|
General duty doctors |
161 |
128 |
33 |
61 |
35 |
26 |
100 |
93 |
7 |
|
Specialists |
141 |
105 |
36 |
89 |
62 |
27 |
52 |
43 |
9 |
|
Nurses |
886 |
11 |
875 |
433 |
4 |
429 |
453 |
7 |
446 |
|
Staff nurses |
542 |
10 |
532 |
359 |
3 |
356 |
183 |
7 |
176 |
|
Nurses |
344 |
1 |
343 |
74 |
1 |
73 |
270 |
0 |
270 |
|
Paramedical staff |
449 |
109 |
99 |
288 |
61 |
65 |
161 |
48 |
34 |
|
Laboratory technicians |
119 |
59 |
60 |
65 |
27 |
38 |
54 |
32 |
22 |
|
Laboratory assistants |
22 |
2 |
20 |
13 |
1 |
12 |
9 |
1 |
8 |
|
Physiotherapists |
14 |
11 |
3 |
10 |
7 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
|
Radiographers |
27 |
22 |
5 |
16 |
13 |
3 |
11 |
9 |
2 |
|
Microscopist |
4 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
|
Microbiologist |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Food technologist |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Dentist |
10 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Dental mechanic |
4 |
4 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Dental hygenist |
2 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Pharmacists/pharmacy asst.* |
241 |
162 |
79 |
||||||
|
Community health personnel |
919 |
164 |
755 |
17 |
3 |
14 |
902 |
161 |
741 |
|
Community health workers |
172 |
101 |
71 |
16 |
3 |
13 |
156 |
98 |
58 |
|
Family health workers |
343 |
63 |
280 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
342 |
63 |
279 |
|
Midwives ( Foolhuma ) |
404 |
0 |
404 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
404 |
0 |
404 |
|
Trained |
347 |
0 |
347 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
347 |
0 |
347 |
|
Untrained |
57 |
0 |
57 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
57 |
0 |
57 |
Source: Ministry of Health, Health Information and Research Section.
Note : Staff of private clinics not included.
* Sex-wise not available.
Annex 4
|
8 (c) |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
|||||||||||||||
|
GR. 7 |
GR. 10 |
GR. 12 |
GR. 7 |
GR. 10 |
GR. 12 |
GR. 7 |
GR. 10 |
GR. 12 |
||||||||||
|
Atoll |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
|
HaaAlifu |
455 |
524 |
141 |
161 |
468 |
518 |
199 |
167 |
377 |
432 |
217 |
165 |
||||||
|
HaaDhaalu |
681 |
787 |
141 |
116 |
642 |
722 |
152 |
108 |
14 |
14 |
458 |
526 |
174 |
156 |
7 |
14 |
||
|
Shaviyani |
329 |
384 |
146 |
168 |
301 |
348 |
230 |
209 |
327 |
333 |
217 |
203 |
||||||
|
Noonu |
363 |
342 |
148 |
109 |
333 |
352 |
128 |
108 |
343 |
367 |
149 |
122 |
||||||
|
Raa |
444 |
452 |
134 |
185 |
428 |
438 |
267 |
215 |
380 |
421 |
203 |
240 |
||||||
|
Baa |
252 |
308 |
134 |
155 |
4 |
17 |
265 |
309 |
144 |
160 |
3 |
35 |
207 |
266 |
154 |
174 |
9 |
18 |
|
Lhaviyani |
224 |
262 |
127 |
108 |
240 |
287 |
127 |
99 |
236 |
270 |
96 |
77 |
||||||
|
Kaafu |
226 |
224 |
68 |
50 |
231 |
264 |
68 |
56 |
205 |
253 |
62 |
55 |
||||||
|
AlifuAlifu |
131 |
140 |
20 |
24 |
106 |
140 |
28 |
26 |
98 |
131 |
55 |
29 |
||||||
|
AlifuDhaalu |
216 |
263 |
82 |
89 |
203 |
264 |
94 |
106 |
192 |
220 |
102 |
98 |
||||||
|
Vaavu |
41 |
54 |
15 |
24 |
35 |
47 |
21 |
26 |
32 |
40 |
24 |
27 |
||||||
|
Meemu |
156 |
162 |
91 |
76 |
140 |
163 |
69 |
75 |
121 |
125 |
72 |
65 |
||||||
|
Faafu |
117 |
116 |
62 |
51 |
125 |
106 |
45 |
46 |
113 |
125 |
60 |
52 |
||||||
|
Dhaalu |
141 |
183 |
56 |
56 |
140 |
148 |
52 |
60 |
112 |
147 |
80 |
78 |
||||||
|
Thaa |
290 |
299 |
132 |
117 |
284 |
300 |
131 |
146 |
189 |
252 |
116 |
126 |
||||||
|
Laamu |
333 |
371 |
178 |
162 |
351 |
393 |
194 |
189 |
287 |
367 |
156 |
158 |
||||||
|
GaafuAlifu |
219 |
243 |
103 |
94 |
216 |
232 |
81 |
97 |
177 |
217 |
64 |
54 |
||||||
|
GaafuDhaalu |
292 |
351 |
161 |
135 |
294 |
327 |
195 |
164 |
282 |
308 |
126 |
133 |
||||||
|
Gnaviyani |
215 |
270 |
147 |
105 |
209 |
253 |
140 |
104 |
179 |
172 |
148 |
100 |
||||||
|
Seenu |
508 |
545 |
273 |
213 |
43 |
39 |
415 |
477 |
252 |
202 |
48 |
24 |
341 |
450 |
373 |
305 |
48 |
34 |
|
Male’ |
1 496 |
1 433 |
1 286 |
1 027 |
269 |
297 |
1 481 |
1 376 |
1 328 |
964 |
303 |
322 |
1 418 |
1 470 |
1 631 |
1 222 |
383 |
399 |
|
Republic |
7 129 |
7 713 |
3 645 |
3 225 |
316 |
353 |
6 907 |
7 464 |
3 945 |
3 327 |
368 |
395 |
6 074 |
6 892 |
4 279 |
3 639 |
447 |
465 |