COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 44 OF THE CONVENTION

Third and fourth periodic reports by States parties due in 2007

EL SALVADOR* **

[21 February 2008]

CONTENTS

Paragraphs Page

I.Introduction1-65

II.General information 7-375

A.Definition of child75

B.General information on the child population 8-135

C.State of the National Policy for the Full Development of Children and Adolescents (PNDINA)14-207

D.State of the National Action Plan (2001-2010)218

E.Allocations and trends of budgets for implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child22-259

F.International cooperation2612

G.Information on programmes for caring for children in vulnerable groups 27-3213

H.Role of the independent national human rights institutions with competence for child rights3316

I.Publicizing the Convention34-3716

III.General principles3817

IV.Civil rights and participation rights39-4317

A.Freedom of expression; freedom of assembly and association39-4317

V.Family and other types of protection44-9118

A.Parental counselling and guidance and parental responsibilities44-4918

B.Children temporarily separated from their parents by non-criminal court rulings50-5520

C.Alimony payments5622

D.Adoption57-5822

E.Protection and assistance of children59-6823

F.Protection against domestic violence69-9127

VI.Basic health and well-being92-21532

A.Survival and development; nutrition92-12432

B.Disabled children125-16342

C.Health and health services164-17951

D.Social security180-18454

E.HIV/AIDS185-21556

Paragraphs Page

VII.Education, leisure and cultural activities216-27861

A.Education, training and careers guidance216-23261

B.Activities to improve the coverage and quality of education233-27768

C.Relaxation, leisure and cultural and artistic activities27878

VIII.Special protection measures279-38679

A.Returning children279-28879

B.Child victims of trafficking and sexual exploitation289-31082

C.Refugee children31189

D.Children in conflict with justice312-34289

E.Children subject to exploitation and the worst forms of child labour343-35698

F.Children belonging to minorities or indigenous groups357-365106

G.Drug abuse 367-374108

H.Street children375-376109

I.Prevention of violence against minors377-380110

J.Missing children381-386110

ANNEXES

I.Child population of El Salvador 113

II.Child Information System (SIPI): protection indicators (ISNA)119

III.Presence of ISNA at national level122

IV.Treatment of sex crimes123

V.Types of crimes of paternal irresponsibility punishable by custodial sentences(Criminal Code) 128

VI.Statistical data of the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic on crimesconcerning family relationships 130

VII.Child victims of sexual assault and abuse treated by ISDEMU 131

VIII.Beneficiaries of individual and group support activities for victims of domesticviolence 132

IX.Undernourishment and anaemia 133

X.Revision “Plus 5” of the implementation of commitments under the Action Plan inthe document "A World Fit for Children" 134

XI.Nutritional vulnerability map 159

XII.Breast-feeding practice in El Salvador 160

Page

XIII.Salvadoran Institute for Rehabilitation of Invalids161

XIV.MINED public expenditure by level of education, budget line 2001-2005 163

XV.Alternative classes 165

XVI.Pregnancies and marriages of minors 166

XVII.Literacy of population aged 6 and over by gender and age group 167

XVIII.School attendance of population aged 4 and over by gender and age group 173

XIX.Deported minors (2004-2005) 180

XX.Care of victims of trafficking 181

XXI.Offences allegedly committed by persons under 18 183

XXII.Continuous Development Programme for Labour Inspectors 188

XXIII.Prevention programmes 190

I. Introduction

El Salvador, in strict compliance with the commitments made when ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, is submitting its third and fourth periodic report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, as requested by the Committee in its concluding observations on the second report.

The present report covers the period 2004–2007, since the Committee had the opportunity to examine the situation of compliance with the Convention up to 2003 when it examined the second periodic report on El Salvador. It also includes information and replies from El Salvador to the Committee’s latest observations on the second periodic report.

The report was prepared following the Committee’s guidelines for the preparation of periodic reports, taking account of the Committee’s concluding observations on the second periodic report.

The State institutions with competence for child rights took part in the drafting of the report, and the main non-governmental organizations working in this area were consulted, though no information was received in writing.

Except where otherwise indicated, the institutional mandates and the legal framework applicable to the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of children and adolescents described in the second periodic report, were not substantially altered during the period 2004‑2007. Accordingly, please see El Salvador’s second periodic report for general information on the legislation, bodies and procedures for protecting and promoting child rights. (CRC/C/65/Add.25 of 22 October 2003).

The Government of El Salvador gives an undertaking to the Committee on the Rights of the Child to take the measures necessary to comply with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and to endeavour to submit future periodic reports on time.

II. General information

A. Definition of child

The legislative provisions in force in El Salvador regarding the definition of “child”, already described in the second periodic report, were not changed substantially during the reporting period.

B. General information on the child population

According to projections by the General Directorate for Statistics and Censuses of the Ministry of Economy (DIGESTYC), based on the Multi-Purpose Household Survey (EHPM), around 2006 the percentage of the country’s population aged under 18 was calculated at 43.83 per cent, 51.13 per cent of whom being boys and 48.87 per cent girls.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 contain data on the child population by gender, age group and urban or rural origin, calculated for 2006.

Figure 1

Total child population by gender and age group, 2006

National total
Age group	Total	Gender
Male	Female
Total	2,832,221	1,448,024	1,384,197
0 – 4	666,508	341,995	324,513
5 – 9	851,671	431,421	420,250
10 – 14	850,920	444,476	406,444
15 – 17	463,122	230,132	232,990

Source: Ministry of the Economy, DIGESTYC, EHPM. 2006

Figure 2

Total child population by gender and age group, 2006

Total national urban population
Age group	Total	Gender
Male	Female
Total	1,556,719	802,490	754,229
0 – 4	363,773	192,003	171,770
5 – 9	464,349	236,122	228,227
10 – 14	467,817	243,182	224,635
15 – 17	260,780	131,183	129,597

Source: Ministry of the Economy, DIGESTYC, EHPM. 2006

Figure 3

Total child population by gender and age group, 2006

Total rural population of the country
Age group	Total	Gender
Male	Female
Total	1,275,502	645,534	629,968
0 – 4	302,735	149,992	152,743
5 – 9	387,322	195,299	192,023
10 – 14	383,103	201,294	181,809
15 – 17	202,342	98,949	103,393

Source: Ministry of the Economy, DIGESTYC, EHPM, 2006.

Annex I contains data on the child population by gender, age group and urban or rural origin, for the period 2004–2005.

The Ministry of the Economy is processing the data from the 2007 National Population and Housing Census. The final results will be ready in the first quarter of 2008 and the section on general population information of the basic country document will be updated accordingly then.

The Salvadoran Institute for Full Development of Children and Adolescents (ISNA) has developed an Child Information System (SIPI). The system incorporates indicators in the areas of prevention with initial education, protection with care for children and adolescents whose rights have been violated, and re-education for adolescents in conflict with the current Juvenile Criminal Justice Act.

The indicators are listed in Annex II.

C. State of the National Policy for the Full Development of Children and Adolescents

In 2004 activities began for improving compliance with and implementation of the National Policy for the Full Development of Children and Adolescents (PNDINA). ISNA’s institutional priority is basically to implement the PNDINA in a context of local development and joint social responsibility. In line with this priority, the Department of Policy Promotion and Adjustment was set up and was allocated human and financial resources to work in the following four areas:

Political and institutional: A training programme was promoted for human resources in public and private bodies on the policy and focus of child and adolescent rights;

Local management: The policy was promoted at local level in the municipalities using participative community methods for diagnosing the situation of child rights at local level;

Public participation: Situational diagnoses were made on child rights, work plans and the training of committees to monitor the plans;

Mass media: Promotion and awareness campaigns for safeguarding child and adolescent rights were carried out.

In 2005 work continued in the same areas of action scenarios, coverage and objectives were extended in municipalities, and a new strategy of training volunteer promotion agents was implemented for promoting child rights. In 2006 there was a need to bring the services closer to the community to improve the results in terms of the strengthening of local networks in the field of child rights and national policy for full development of children.

In particular, the achievements include the agreements signed between ISNA and local governments for the promotion and protection of child rights. In 2005 agreements were signed with 21 municipalities, or 15.78% of all local authorities in the central and paracentral areas of the country. In 2006, with the change of strategy and the setting-up of nine ISNA community offices, the targets increased to 76 local governments, equivalent to 57.14% of all 133 municipalities. Implementation of the plan began in 2004 with six diagnoses of the situation of child rights, with their respective working plans and the training of local committees. In 2006 there was a total of 25 local situation diagnoses.

In 2004 ISNA provided 52 training courses under the programme for training human resources on child rights and policy. At least 831 staff of ISNA and its other cooperating institutions were informed and made aware of child rights and freedoms. Over the period 2005‑2006, 1284 more members and strategic allies were trained, bringing the total to 2115 persons over the three-year reporting period. In addition, 22 local networks were incorporated and upgraded. In 2005 these totalled six networks in the east of the country and five in the west. At the end of the period, 33 ISNA local networks for promoting and protecting child rights were operational.

ISNA has drafted the children’s version of the PNDINA, with the aim of informing the child population about child rights, 4000 copies of which have been circulated to children and adolescents throughout the country.

One of the obstacles to extending the coverage of the plan was that to be participative it was subject to adolescents’ time availability, reconciling the agendas of the participants and a lack of political will on the part of some local authorities. It therefore changed its strategy. The alliances were continued, and efforts focused on the working processes and immersion in the municipalities by strengthening local networks and extending coverage of services through a process of decentralizing ISNA’s institutional services.

With the promulgation of the National Policy for the Full Development of Children and Adolescents, ISNA has put in place comprehensive protection mechanisms in 43% of the country’s 111 municipalities, with prevention programmes to promote rights and prevent violence, impacting on diagnoses and local development plans relating to children. Prevention plans were also fostered with local authorities, such as the Life Skills Preparation Plan, for adolescents aged 12 to 17 in the east of the country; management for the adoption by town halls of operational units for children and adolescents; approval of municipal orders protecting against the worst forms of child labour; and promoting mental health committees.

D. State of the National Action Plan (2001-2010)

ISNA has taken various measures in compliance with the objectives of the National Action Plan for Children 2001-2010, notably:

Regarding the aim of extending and improving access to comprehensive early-childhood education, ISNA administers the Child Welfare Centres (CBI), Comprehensive Development Centres (CDI), and Initial Care Homes (HAI), which exist in 48.5% of the country’s 127 municipalities. One of the main areas of progress is the comprehensive approach to the concept of child care, with the participation of the family and local players in order to promote and reinforce good parenting practice in families. The activities aim to change bad practices perpetuated by cultural patterns that adversely influence child development. The strategy is based on family schools or family development workshops, which have been developed using various integration methods, such as child development and life skills materials. This enables children to receive better care both at initial care centres and within their families;

Another significant step forward is the implementation of the integrated curriculum guides, that have been prepared on the themes of health, education and protection, which include technical contributions from the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MSPAS), the Ministry of Education (MINED) and NGOs working for child rights. These guides, approved by the Ministry of Education, are used by personnel outside the formal teaching profession (educators, health personnel and parents) to gain a qualification in child care;

Regarding the objective to reduce gender inequality in education, ISNA has achieved fair and egalitarian participation in initial education programmes, with 50.7% boys and 49.3% girls;

Regarding the objective of developing protection for children against ill treatment, exploitation and violence, ISNA statistics report 351 complaints of ill-treatment in 2004; 423 in 2005 and 463 in 2006. In relation to all children whose rights were violated, this percentage distribution accounted for 10.5% of all cases in 2004, 8.6% in 2005 and 9% in 2006. Similarly, complaints of economic exploitation fell from 1.5% in 2004 to 1.1% in 2005 and 1% in 2006, with 51 cases in 2004, 64 cases in 2005 and 74 cases in 2006;

Regarding the reduction in the rates of involvement of children and adolescents in the worst forms of child labour, up to September 2007, 46,657 children and adolescents had been removed from or prevented from taking part in such activities.

E. Allocations and trends of budgets for implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child

From 2004 to 2006 there was a sustained increase in State budget allocated to safeguarding and promoting child rights, as the following figure shows.

Figure 4

Expenditure on child rights by source of funding

At the top of the table there are some zero entries, relating to the Youth Secretariat and the social programmes for preventing violence and juvenile delinquency, since that institution and those programmes did not exist at the time.

Branch/Institution		2004	2005	2006
Prime Minister’s Office		26,236.4	31,627.8	32,149.4
Youth Secretariat	General fund	0.0	2,569.5	4,399.1
Social prevention of violence and juvenile delinquency	General fund	0.0	600.7	494.5
Social prevention of violence and juvenile delinquency (donation)	Donation	429.2	483.3	1,430.7
Grants service	General fund	360.1	434.5	586.4
Family care	General fund	2,040.7	2,720.0	2,438.1
Alimony	General fund	989.2	1,255.6	1,212.4
INDES	General fund	8,940.7	10,287.4	9,316.1
ISNA	General fund	11,856.4	11,659.2	11,817.8
ISDEMU	General fund	1,425.9	1,423.4	260.0
National Council for Comprehensive Care of the Disabled	General fund	194.3	194.3	194.3
Supreme Court of Justice (CSJ)		10,130.8	10,122.7	10,894.4
Strengthening of the CSJ’s Juvenile Justice Support Office	External fund	39.2	31.1	16.2
Juvenile courts	General fund	4,025.2	4,025.2	4,318.7
Family courts	General fund	6,066.4	6,066.4	6,559.5
Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic		740.9	775.6	905.6
Juvenile offenders	General fund	740.9	775.6	905.6
Office of the Attorney-General of the Republic		3,942.0	3,709.7	4,171.5
Assistance to families and minors	General fund	3,942.0	3,709.7	4,171.5
Ministry of Governance		329.0	355.6	372.0
Social prevention of drug use	General fund	329.0	355.6	372.0
Ministry of Public Security		297.7	314.6	298.1
National Anti-Drug Commission	General fund	5.0	40.9	31.7
	Donation by private enterprise	11.1	2.2	1.8
	Donation by international organizations	5.7
General Directorate of Public Security	General fund	231.5	231.5	238.2
General Directorate of Prisons	General fund	16.6	11.2	9.2
General Directorate of Migration and Aliens	General fund	0.4	1.4	12.2
National Civil Police	Donation by international organizations	27.4	27.4	5.0
Ministry of Education		371,966.8	380,714.5	419,282.2
Nursery education	General fund	35,665.9	36,689.7	40,897.3
Elementary education	General fund	285,883.5	293,332.7	313,953.9
High-school education	General fund	29,355.1	30,407.5	33,665.9
Subsidies to:
Roberto Callejas Montalvo Cerebral Palsy Home	General fund	38.9	38.9	38.9
Children’s Museum Association	General fund	48.6	48.6	48.6
National Children’s Association	General fund	1.0	1.0	1.0
El Salvador Scouts’ Association	General fund	97.6	77.7	77.7
El Salvador Girl Guides’ Assocation	General fund	9.7	9.7	9.7
Special Education Foundation	General fund	48.6	48.6	128.6
FUNDASALVA	General fund	77.7	77.7	77.7
National Special Olympics Committee	General fund	19.4	19.4	19.4
Salesian Educational Association of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians of the city of Chalchuapa.Department of Santa Ana	General fund	75.0	4.7	4.7
Investment programmes for competitiveness, equity and innovation in education	General fund			9,370.8
Improving access, quality and equity in education	General fund	9,201.8	9,015.4	9,190.5
CONCULTURA	General fund	11,444.0	10,942.8	11,797.4
Ministry of Health		78,115.1	93,604.5	104,043.6
National Health System 1/	General fund	51,513.4	59,284.1	56,569.4
Bloom Hospital	General fund	14,237.9	13,578.5	14,944.2
	Own resources	748.9	648.6	1,623.6
Salvadoran Institute for the Rehabilitation of Invalids	Own resources	319.2	372.0	415.0
	General fund	3,765.1	3,978.2	4,178.2
Health Solidarity Fund (operational from August 2005)	General fund	0.0	4,136.1	13,876.2
Salvadoran Social Security Institute	Own resources	6,792.6	11 ,059.8	11 ,714.8
Subsidies to
Ayúdame a Vivir Foundation	General fund	522.9	422.9	422.9
FUNDASALVA	General fund	190.1	114.3	194.3
Albergue Jardín de amor, Zacatecoluca	General fund	5.0	10.0	10.0
Hogares Providencia Foundation	General fund	20.0		40.0
CREA Households Association of El Salvador	General fund			25.0
FUNDA INOCENCIA	General fund			30.0
Ministry of Employment and Social Security		41.4	43.2	43.2
Eradication of Child Labour	General fund	34.7	36.5	36.5
INSAFOR	Own resources	6.7	6.7	6.7
Total		491,800.1	521,268.1	572,160.1

Source: SAFI, ISRI, FOSALUD ISSS, MISPYAS.

1/ The information on hospital care for 2006 has yet to be completed with Ministry of Health data. It was therefore estimated to be the same as for 2005.

As an agency specializing in caring for vulnerable children, ISNA was allocated the following budget for the past three years:

Figure 5

Budget allocated to ISNA (2004-2006)

Year	Budget (US dollars)
2004	12,357,166.36
2005	11,763,675.00
2006	12,701,745.55

Data taken from the ISNA Financial Unit on the basis of executed budgets.

We would point out that the tendency to support budgets earmarked for child care also applies to the strengthening of the courts and specialist offices of the judiciary for minors, as the following table shows:

Figure 6

Judiciary

Supreme court of justice

Department of institutional finance

Dollars

	Source of funding	2004	2005	2006	Cumulative total
Strengthening of the CSJ Juvenile Justice Support Office	External fund	$39,231	$31,116	$16,221	$86,568
Juvenile courts (3 chambers and 20 judges)	General fund	$4,025,187*	$4,025,187	$4,348,689	$12,399,063
Family courts (3 chambers and 22 judges)	General fund	$6,066,432*	$6,066,432	$6,559,487	$18,692,351
Total:		$10,130,850	$10,122,735	$10,924,397	$31,177,982

*Estimate

In addition, the Ministry of Public Security has allocated substantial financial resources to the prevention of juvenile delinquency, as shown in the following table.

Figure 7

Ministry of public security

In dollars

Programme and institution	Source of funding	2004	2005	2006
National Anti-Drugs Commission	General fund	4,964.7	40,943.7	31,736.6
	Donation from private enterprise	11,057.5	2,203.4	1,777.1
	Donation from international organizations	5,669.8
General Directorate for Public Security	General fund	231,505.4	231,505.4	238,165.4
General Directorate for Prisons	General fund	16,644.0	11,234.7	9,154.2
General Directorate for Migration and Aliens	General fund	386.2	1,433.2	12,199.8
National Civil Police	General fund
	Donation from international organizations	27,392.7	27,392.7	5,000.0
Total		297,620.3	314,713.2	298,033.1

Source: Financial units of the: National Anti-Drugs Commission, General Directorate for Public Security; General Directorate for Prisons; General Directorate for Migration and Aliens, National Civil Police.

F. International cooperation

Over the reporting period, ISNA formed strategic alliances by signing cooperation agreements with international organizations such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), technical cooperation organization GTZ, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the El Salvador International Plan and Save The Children, for implementing plans and programmes at national level in the field of the promotion and protection of child rights, as provided for in the National Policy for the Full Development of Children and Adolescents (PNDINA). These include: a) implementation of child policy with emphasis on eradicating child labour, covering 19 municipalities nationwide where there is child labour, carried out with funding and technical support from ILO; b) the methodology school for training key players and for establishing local connections in 27 municipalities, with funding and technical support from UNICEF; c) the German GTZ foundation provided technical support for research and the formulation of proposals for municipal development, and funding for local projects; and d) USAID, as part of the project Initial Education from the Family (EDIFAM), supported the promotion and implementation of the policy by funding the design and reproduction of the children’s version, and a number of social mobilization activities. Furthermore, the National Committee against Trafficking in Persons has cooperation relations with the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), UNICEF, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), ILO and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), among others, which provide support for the various activities carried out.

G. Information on programmes for caring for children in vulnerable groups

ISNA has the following main responsibilities: a) to promote the full development of children’s personalities, taking account of the fundamental rights and duties, and their subjective needs, involving in that protection the family, the community, the municipalities and the State; b) to promote the participation of the community and society in solving problems facing children and the family; c) to investigate threats to and violations of child rights and any orphaned children; to investigate and assess the situation of such children, their families, and those aiming to offer them protection in their homes, and to take any appropriate measures to protect them where they are found to be threatened, their rights violated or orphaned; d) to devise prevention plans and programmes to protect children in the home environment, and care programmes in State, municipal and NGO centres, in line with their personal circumstances and type; and e) to coordinate and supervise the execution of programmes and to set up a register of children cared for in such centres, establishments or bodies.

In accordance with the responsibilities set out above, ISNA implemented the following programmes during the reporting period:

Figure 8

Programmes implemented by ISNA

Programme	Objectives	Brief description
Protection and specialist care for children and adolescents whose rights have been violated or with special needs, and for their families	To restore violated or denied rights of children and adolescents and their families to overcome the need arising out of the particular issue or living conditions at the time the right was violated and enforceable.	Temporary or permanent protection and comprehensive and specialist care services are provided in Government or private centres for child or adolescent victims of commercial sexual exploitation, trade in persons, illegal trafficking, child labour, sexual abuse, abandonment, ill-treatment, addiction, HIV, special skills and disaster victims; supporting the biological or extended family or family through marriage, by inter-institutional coordination and catering for risk areas, working with civil society on guidance, support and information to help restore rights.
Care for the social integration of street children and adolescents	To provide a life project and return street children to their families, thereby furthering a social and family rehabilitation process.	Children are offered reintegration alternatives and an alternative to the street in a children’s centre where they receive a model of social and educational care designed specifically for young people living on the street.
Alternative measures and internment of young people in conflict with the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act	Family and social reintegration of young people tried for criminal misconduct or offences	It consists of implementing a framework programme under which young people are offered re-education and vocational training to enable them to rejoin society once they have served their sentence.
Prevention of violation of rights by strengthening the family, inter-institutional coordination and citizens’ participation at national and local level	To promote compliance with children’s and adolescents’ rights by supporting municipal governments through setting up, strengthening and consolidating local protection networks, with a risk-prevention and/or social damage focus, under the ISNA Act and PNDINA’s lines of action.	It consists of coordinating with municipal councils, civil society and government organizations the rights of children to implement projects that directly and specifically benefit children in the municipality, by means of local diagnoses and work plans, child welfare centres, full development centres and initial care homes in connection with parent school support centres and mediation centres.
Registration and assessment of ONGs, governmental organizations and private bodies running children’s programmes	To oversee compliance with child rights in authorized institutions registered with ISNA	Monitoring and assessment of working models applied by the various bodies registered with ISNA, supervising the care, treatment and legal circumstances of children and adolescents benefiting under the programmes; recommending measures or penalties where rights are violated

See Annex III for ISNA’s geographical distribution nationwide.

The following tables show the age and gender distribution of children in ISNA’s care.

Figure 9

Total population in ISNA care by gender (2004, 2005 and 2006)

Gender	2004	2005	2006
Children	%	Children	%	Children	%
Females	3,059	50.9%	3,517	52.4%	3,971	51%
Males	2,945	49.1%	3,197	47.6%	3,855	49%
Total	6,004	100%	6,714	100%	7,826	100%

Figure 10

Population in the care of the ISNA protection subsystem by age group, (2004, 2005 and 2006)

Age group	2004	2005	2006
Children	%	Children	%	Children	%
Age 0 to 3	830	13.8%	816	12.2%	975	12%
Age 3 to 6	790	13.2%	771	11.5%	850	11%
Age 6 to 9	789	13.1%	902	13.4%	1,086	14%
Age 9 to 12	959	16.0%	1,076	16.0%	1,250	16%
Age 12 to 15	1,273	21.2%	1,526	22.7%	1,699	22%
Age 15 to 18	1,188	19.8%	1,491	22.2%	1,829	23%
Age 18 and over	175	2.9%	132	2.0%	137	2%
Total	6,004	100%	6,714	100%	7,826	100%

Source: ISNA’s Child Information System.

In 2004 the Salvadoran Government set up the Youth Secretariat as an institution reporting to the President of the Republic’s Office, specializing in promoting programmes for the rights of adolescents in the field of participation, education, the right to healthy relaxation, prevention of violence, and rehabilitation.

The programmes implemented by this agency include:

Izalco Farm School: This is a voluntary rehabilitation hostel caring for ex-gang-member single mothers and their minor and adolescent children; it has been in operation since March 2005;

Juvenile rescue centres: This is a rehabilitation centre caring for more than 80 former gang members;

Buscando un Camino (Seeking a Path): This programme is being run in conjunction with the private organization Fundación Salvador del Mundo (FUSALMO), which cares for 20 young glue-sniffers in the Centenary Park of the city of San Salvador. The beneficiaries are offered psychological rehabilitation, school coaching, games and practice in giving up their habits;

Recorrido Participativo (Participation Course): This is a preventive health programme for young people using information materials for stimulating group discussion. It is being carried out in support of the National AIDS Commission and is allocated $4,176 a year;

Cine Foro (Cinema Forum): These are training activities that stimulate discussion and learning on themes affecting health development of young people. It has a budget of $4,000 a year;

Health Vacations: These are itinerant public activities offering the opportunity of acquiring or improving knowledge of health, and access to health services. This programme has a budget of $5,000 a year;

Parents’ School: These are television programmes produced by Canal 99 of the Francisco Gavidia Private University and the Youth Secretariat. This activity aims to guide and educate parents and family members to help them mould adolescents’ behaviour by setting a good example.This activity has an annual budget of $4,200;

It set up the “Youth Observatory”. The 2005-2015 National Plan covers the installation of a monitoring system that supervises and guarantees the operational implementation of the proposed public policies. The monitoring system is taking shape with the launch of the Youth Observatory that has quantitative and qualitative measuring tools, such as: the national youth survey; the youth development index; the human development report focusing on young people; and the network of experts and researchers. It should be emphasized that the combination of the National Youth Plan, the Inter-institutional System for Youth and the Youth Observatory provide the country with mechanisms for promoting full development of young people and monitoring and assessing the results.

H. Role of the independent national human rights institutions with competence for child rights

Over the reporting period there were no changes to the powers of the Office for the Defence of Human Rights regarding the promotion and protection of child rights that were reported in the second periodic report.

I. Publicizing the Convention

El Salvador has carried out many measures to publicize the content of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as described throughout this report, and the principal measures adopted to implement the Convention, also described herein. For example, in 2006 ISNA carried out 110 social mobilization measures with a rights approach and promoting fundamental rights of children nationwide, in coordination with strategic partners, by means of activities such as fairs, festivals and fora. These activities covered 21,000 children and adolescents in 2005, and 29,841 in 2006. The activities were carried out by ISNA’s Department for the Promotion of the National Policy for the full Development of Children and Adolescents.

ISNA has promoted activities directly involving children and adolescents in activities to promote their rights. It succeeded in increasing direct participation of beneficiaries from 23,000 in 2005 to 36,169 in 2006.

ISNA’s Annual Operational Plan includes dissemination activities in the form of training lectures and workshops at ISNA centres and shelter homes, and to ONGs. Over the period 2004 to 2006 topics included nutritional assessment, diet and nutrition, and the preparation and handling of foods. Work with NGOs covered the topics of inter-institutional cooperation for a community strategy, preparation of cases, full development of children, promotion of child rights, law and the family, alternative discipline, legal tools for protection centres, child development using participative methods, therapy for sexual abuse, and a rights approach to the care of institutionalized children and adolescents. More than 30 NGOs working for child rights took part in these activities.

The above-mentioned activities enabled programmes to be conducted on awareness and training in human rights and child rights, in coordination and in cooperation with various NGOs, but it has not yet proved possible to expand the dissemination activities descried in the previous country report in this area.

III. General principles

The concept and scope of the principle of the child’s best interests have not been changed in Salvadoran law, enshrined in the Family Code (Article 350), which means that it retains the same guarantee structure, along with the principle of equality and non-discrimination, recognized and enacted in the Constitution and the country’s secondary legislation, as notified to the Committee in previous periodic reports.

IV. Civil rights and participation rights

A. Freedom of expression; freedom of assembly and association

ISNA has promoted the training of children and adolescents and their participation in public activities designed to publicize and defend child rights and fundamental freedoms.Some 1,012 young people have been trained as volunteer promotion agents, and children and adolescents have been involved in joint projects carried out with NGOs, such as the Movimiento de Jóvenes Encuentristas de Ilobasco (170 young people); Visión Mundial (5,644 young people); INTERVIDA (600 young people); Plan Internacional El Salvador (6,000 young people); Polígono Industrial Don Bosco (83 young people); Fe y Alegría (150 young people); Círculo Solidario (300 young people); Ayuda en Acción (200 young people); and Sistema de Asesoría y Capacitación para el Desarrollo Local (SACDEL) (300 young people).In this way, 13,871 children and adolescents were involved in ISNA and NGO participative programmes over the period.

In line with Principle 10 of the PNDINA, on the participation of children and adolescents in their own development, ISNA and several NGOs have fostered the setting-up of a number of bodies and have promoted some participative programmes, including the following:

Figure 11

Name of association	Function
Jóvenes Encuentristas Ilobasco	Reduction of violence through recreation and integration into the labour market
Visión Mundial	Promotion of rights and human development (prevention)
Casa Encuentro Juvenil, INTERVIDA	Use of leisure time:recreation, libraries, art and culture, sport, ecology, sexual and reproductive health, life skills, cinema and leadership.
Plan El Salvador	Participation in defence of child rights at community level
Polígono Industrial Don Bosco	Re-establishment of the rights of young people in conflict with criminal law
Centro de educación para todos, Fe y Alegría	Social and educational prevention with a rights approach
Vicaría Divino Salvador training and coaching centre, Archbishopric of San Salvador	Training of social role models for children and adolescents in a situation of social risk.
ISNA volunteer promotion agents	Prevention and reduction of violence towards children and adolescents through the promotion of rights and good parenting practice in families

The aims of the National Youth Secretariat include fostering the involvement of young people in public affairs as a strategy for making citizens aware of their rights and obligations. It has set up eight full development centres nationwide with the aim of providing young people with opportunities for vocational training, remedial courses, access to information, culture, sport, leadership, citizens’ participation, preventive health and volunteer work.

The Youth Secretariat is also implementing the Youth in the Park project, so as to expand the range of options for healthy relaxation and reactivation of areas for recreation and youth cultural expression under the patronage of the municipal governments.It also aims to encourage young people to develop their skills in the various branches of art and sport, motivating them to express them in public.

The Secretariat runs the following other programmes:

Vacation opportunities.This programme is carried out with the FUSALMO private organization, the Ministry of Education, the National Civil Police and the art gallery, with the aim of giving young people opportunities to get involved, during their vacations, in educational, sporting, cultural, work and training activities;

Deportevías.These are street sports programmes to repurpose public spaces for developing sports activities.They are carried out in conjunction with the National Sports Institute (INDES), the National Council of Public Security and the municipalities;

Comprehensive Presidential Football Programme.This programme is being carried in coordination with the private foundation Educando a un Salvadoreño (Educating a Salvadoran – FESA).The objective is to raise the quality of Salvadoran football by training young talents in the sport, offering them education in athletics without neglecting aspects such as academic studies, health, diet and training in values.

Youth camps.These take place with the support of the National Academy of Public Security and the Ministry of National Defence, for training leaders in fields such as motivation, group management and stress management;

Jóvenes Solidarios:This is a union of youth organizations and volunteers interested in supporting major common concerns.

V. Family and other types of protection

A. Parental counselling and guidance and parental responsibilities

ISNA has 203 Child Welfare Centres (CBI) and 15 Full Development Centres (CDI) in 117 of the country’s municipalities, plus 11 shelters and three re-education centres for offenders. ISNA has implemented a permanent Parents’ School programme in the child welfare centres and full development centres. This programme has covered 4,698 families and 8,354 children. In the re-education centres for offenders, up to 50% of families – an average of 244 – of 487 inmates attend these schools.

The multidisciplinary teams of the Family Tribunals have an education unit and run guidance days on child rights and parental responsibilities. The work carried out is listed below.

Figure 12

Group guidance days. (2004-2006)

Activity/year	2004	2005	2006
Educational days for awareness of and guidance on rights and duties of family members and users of Family Tribunals.	Working days	Attendance	Working days	Attendance	Working days	Attendance
Parents’ school	627	6,373	591	5,402	462	5845
Children	210	1,347	119	604	233	3,104
Adolescents	246	1,500	254	1,264	75	600
Families			24	53	223	645
Total	1,083	9,220	988	7,323	993	10,194
Publicizing rights and duties, regulated by the Family Code and the Domestic Violence Act in institutions outside the tribunal.	Working days	Attendance	Working days	Attendance	Working days	Attendance
Elementary schools	374	23,282	219	13,781	290	15,540
High schools	29	1,961	34	2377	23	1638
Institutes	148	5,197	94	4,963	203	7194
University	15	665	5	168	7	169
Military barracks	22	1,170	10	597	22	653
Nurseries	16	839	12	484	7	299
Markets	2	91	2	170	2	265
Religious groups	5	432	2	39	26	814
Community groups	80	2,627	56	1,308	19	717
Health centres	17	586	25	997	14	518
Municipalities	17	455	8	302	8	176
NGOs	28	954	26	624	13	265
Other	73	4037	48	1892	29	898
Total	826	42,296	541	27,702	663	29,146

Source: Education Section, Department of Coordination of Multidisciplinary Teams of the Family Tribunals.

ISNA has 11 centres or shelters caring for children separated from their family environment for various reasons, such as: illegal exit from or entry into the country, ill-treatment, abuse, negligence, living on the street, abandonment, sexual abuse, commercial sexual exploitation, and trafficking in persons. When ISAN takes in a child or adolescent, the following actions are carried out:

Welcome or reception of children by order of a government authority;

Opening of a dossier;

Assessment of physical condition;

Psychosocial approach and guidance;

Temporary hosting in the centre or shelter, depending on age and gender;

Provision of clothing, personal grooming accessories and feeding;

Interview to identify family background, nationality and circumstances;

Arrangements to involve the child in the activities of the centre or shelter.

From the legal standpoint, children are informed of their circumstances, that they are under protection and not deprived of their liberty or in detention, on international arrangements for their repatriation (if they are foreigners), and the average length of stay in the establishment. The Public Prosecutor of the Republic and the National Civil Police are notified in cases of violation of rights with criminal consequences. Children are interviewed, requesting the presence of a representative of the Attorney-General of the Republic. Where appropriate, they are handed over to their parents or guardians, after assessing and determining the proper legal measure in accordance with the ISNA Act, and they are discharged with or without follow-up. Where appropriate, formalities are carried out for repatriation to their country of origin.

The children under ISNA’s responsibility are 51% boys and 49% girls. Eighty per cent are from urban areas and 20 per cent are from rural areas.

Figure 13

Age ranges of children in ISNA care

0 < 3	3 < 6	6 < 9	9 < 12	12 < 15	15 < 18	18 and over	Total
11.3%	8.9%	12.1%	16.1%	25.2%	25.7%	0.6%	100%

Source: ISNA

The number of children temporarily separated from their parents and under ISNA’s institutional care is as follows:

Figure 14

Measure applied	Admissions	Re-admissions	Total
No. of cases	%	No. of cases	%	No. of cases	%
Placed in institution	1,591	36.4%	429	70%	2,020	41%
Placed in institution for 30 days	244	5.6%	59	10%	303	6%
Total	4,369	100%	610	100%	4,979	100%

The remaining children making up 100 per cent were returned to their families or communities.

Source: ISNA

B. Children temporarily separated from their parents by non-criminal court rulings

ISNA offers protection for children temporarily separated from their parents by non-criminal court rulings, and for breaches of criminal law, broken down as follows:

Figure 15

Children temporarily separated from their parents by non-criminal court rulings

Ruling handed down by	Number of children	%
Family courts	282	6%
Other courts	36	1%
Total	4.979	100%

Figure 16

Children separated from their parents by juvenile criminal court rulings

Population/age	Total inmates
Aged 18 and over	Aged under 18
Definitive male inmates	153	129
Definitive female inmates	8	5
Interim male inmates	19	154
Interim female inmates	2	17
Subtotal	182	305
Total, all centres	487

Children temporarily separated from their parents are housed in ISNA shelters and private institutions authorized by ISNA, with the following breakdown.

Figure 17

Number of centres and shelters

Geographical area	Number of shelters	Approximate capacity
West	11	1,000
Centre and Paracentral	34	1,400
East	6	300
ISNA (nationwide)	11	1,200
Total	62	3,900

Source: ISNA

In 2004-2006, public and private centres catered for more than 10,000 children, as shown in the following table.

Figure 18

Population catered for in centres and shelters of ISNA and NGOs

Institutions	Year
2004	2005	2006
NGOs	2,520	2,464	2,765
ISNA	939	955	930
Total	3,459	3,419	3,695

Source: Child information system (SIPI) and reports of ISNA regional branches.

Children not living with their families benefit from various programmes and services. ISNA’s goal in this context is to ensure that any child or adolescent whose rights have been violated is offered immediate and full protection as required, and involved in a process of restitution of rights, giving priority to the family alternative. They are offered all services, notably education, health, board and lodging.

Measures adopted to mitigate the loss of the children’s family environment include the use of foster homes, where an average of 66 children are placed each year; these are subject to periodic monitoring by ISNA. An average of 20 per cent of children leave the ISNA shelters, an average of 739 a year out of 3,695 institutionalized children.

Regarding the policy of reducing the number of children in public and private institutions, and reducing the length of their stay, ISNA has established a measure to handle them in no more than 30 days. In terms of policy, the decentralization of ISNA services lays more emphasis on the community, where community networks mobilize resources through the three regional branches and 10 local offices.

C. Alimony payments

Under the Family Code, family courts have ordered alimony payments in more than 3,000 cases over the past three years.

Figure 19

Alimony granted for minors (2004-2006), broken down by gender.

Family courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M
Total	3,049	1,522	1,527	484	468	508	564	530	495

D. Adoption

In accordance with article 21 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in the past three years priority has been given to the adoption of children by nationals, as ordered by Family Courts. The adoption process is highly protective. The legal framework governing adoption consists of the Family Code, the Family Procedural Act, the Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Adoption consists of two phases: administrative and judicial. During the administrative phase ISNA has to establish that the child is eligible for adoption, and together with the Office of the Attorney-General of the Republic (PGR) establish that the foreigners are eligible to adopt in El Salvador. The eligibility of Salvadoran families to adopt is determined solely by the PGR. The latter has set up an assignment committee, responsible for selecting the family that will adopt a child, once they have been established as eligible. It falls to the Attorney-General of the Republic to authorize the adoption and at that moment the judicial phase begins in which the judge orders the adoption. Domestic adoptions have been given priority in recent years, through the use of foster homes as a protection measure, since 90 per cent of children in foster homes are adopted by their carers. The formalities required by law are carried out in the Adoptions Office, by technical staff of ISNA and the PGR. In accordance with the 1993 Hague Convention, ISNA and the PGR are the central authority for adoptions.

Figure 20

Adoption of children, by origin of adopter (2004-2006)

Family courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Salvadoran	Foreign	Salvadoran	Foreign	Salvadoran	Foreign	Salvadoran	Foreign
Total	1,924	1,637	287	461	77	511	82	665	128

E. Protection and assistance of children

The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic’s mission is laid down in the Constitution as the prosecution of crime.For the protection of child victims of crime the Office also has a prevention function, carried out by its Multidisciplinary Support Unit, which aims to help prevent violence and delinquency by conducting criminological studies and implementating prevention projects and programmes, such as the running of training workshops for adolescent promoters of violence prevention, the promotion of peace and dialogue been generations and cultures.

In 1992 the Unit for Offences against Minors and Women was set up within the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic with the aim of concentrating on the investigation of offences committed against children in the family and offences against sexual freedom. The Office is obliged to take the necessary measures for the immediate protection of child victims and to prevent further violation of their rights as victims, always bearing in mind the child’s higher interest. This unit has been extended nationwide to ensure greater territorial coverage.

To protect child victims of crime and their families, the Unit for Offences against Minors and Women provides special assistance services, including the following:

Psychological assistance, with a view to supporting victims of physical, psychological and sexual violence, and their family members, to reduce the short- and long-term effects of the trauma;

Counselling, with the aim of seeking alternative care and protection for victims of physical, sexual and psychological violence, based on an investigation of the victim’s social and family background, and through coordination with other institutions involved in protection of children and adolescents;

Legal assistance, involving follow-up of court proceedings for trying crimes.In the case of adult defendants it begins with the presentation of an indictment or injunction in which requests may be submitted to the magistrate.

Regarding the judicial process, it is for the Office of the Attorney-General of the Republic via the Minors’ Attorneys to act as legal representative of minors to prevent them being exposed and to safeguard the child’s rights and higher interest in the proceedings referred to above.

The aggrieved parties, including the victims or plaintiffs, are legally empowered to take legal proceedings (lodge an appeal) in cases of dismissal or definitive discharge, and in case of provisional discharge or filing of the case, they may request the legal proceedings to be re-opened.

In cases of domestic violence it is essential for the victim to undergo a psychological assessment in order to establish the emotional effects caused by the cycle of violence to which they have been subjected. The attorney concerned will have to make an assessment of the victim before taking part in legal proceedings, and will have to provide psychological and social support, especially in the case of children and adolescent victims, offering them psychological treatment or assistance at the attorney’s office.

Legal hearings and proceedings are generally public, but the court may order them to be partially or totally private where required for moral reasons, in the public interest, or where child victims of crimes are taking part. Having regard to the higher interests of the child, the Code of Criminal Procedure states that where the victim is under 18 years of age, he or she is entitled to facilities for testifying in informal and non-hostile environments, and their testimony is recorded to facilitate its reproduction in public where necessary. The law states that the identity of minors and their families must not be disclosed.

The law offers special protection to minors aged under 18, providing for harsher sentences for crimes committed against them. The Code of Criminal Procedure provides that where the victim is a minor and has no parents or guardian, or where the crime is committed by a relative in the ascending line, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic will press criminal charges for all offences subject to private prosecution.

Having regard to the higher interests of the child, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic, through the Unit for Minors and Women, is obliged to implement mechanisms for protecting children, to prevent them becoming repeat victims. These measures notably include:

Giving evidence in advance of court proceedings;

Not exposing victims in court hearings, applying the Special Regime for the Protection of Witnesses Act;

Arranging shelter for child victims where necessary;

Arranging NGO support;

Guaranteeing psychological and social care by the Institutional Multidisciplinary Team;

Requesting the immediate protection measures provided for in the Domestic Violence Act.

Criminal courts (magistrate’s courts, preliminary investigation and trial courts) have heard cases of crimes against minors, with performance and processing over the period 2004–2005 as set out in the following tables:

Figure 21

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims in the 24 Magistrates Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System

Magistrates Courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17	Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17	Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17
Total	1,870	575	63	136	197	179	700	84	130	200	286	595	53	154	188	200
Average per court	78	24	3	6	8	7	29	4	5	8	12	25	2	6	8	8

Figure 22

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims in the 24 Magistrates Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System In 2006.
Magistrates Courts	Total	Case filed	Mediation authorized	Plea bargain	Declaration of fault	Discharge	Inadmissible	Incompetent	Absolute invalidity	Order for investigation with interim detention	Order for investigation with injunctive relief	Order for investigation with petition hearing	Order for investigation without inerim detention	Judicial pardon	Mediation period	Acquittal in fault proceedings	Conviction in fast-track procedure	Definitive discharge	Provisional discharge	Conditional suspension of proceedings
Total	583	1	54	1	3	19	2	2	1	128	53	1	54	2	3	1	3	99	144	12
Average per court	24	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	5	2	0	2	0	0	0	0	4	6	1

Figure 23

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims in the 30 Preliminary Investigation Courtsequipped with the Case Monitoring System.

Preliminary investigation courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17	Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17	Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17
Total	1,883	671	78	206	228	159	651	76	161	234	180	561	49	147	234	131
Average per court	63	23	3	7	8	5	22	3	6	8	6	19	2	5	8	5

Figure 24

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims in the 30 preliminary investigation courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System in 2006.

Preliminary investigation courts	2006
Total	Proceedings in progress	Admission or rejection of evidence for public hearing	Trial proceedings	Provisional filing	Mediation authorized	Declaration of fault	Contempt of court	Incompetent	Ratifying injunctive relief	Revoking injunctive relief	Conviction in fast-track procedure	Conviction in fast-track procedure	Definitive discharge	Provisional discharge	Conditional suspension of proceedings
Total	561	263	1	170	1	21	1	12	5	1	1	6	1	26	38	14
Average per court	19	9	0	6	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0

Figure 25

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims in the eight Trial Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System.

Trial Courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17	Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17	Total	Age 0 to 5	Age 6 to 11	Age 12 to 15	Age 16 to 17
Total	448	16	5	1	7	3	99	40	19	27	13	333	93	74	103	63
Average per court	56	2	1	0	1	0	12	5	2	3	2	42	12	9	13	8

Figure 26

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims in the 8 Trial Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System.

Trial Courts	Total 2004-2006	2004	2005	2006
Total	Acquittal	Conviction	Total	Acquittal	Conviction	Mixed verdict	Total	Acquittal	Conviction	Mixed verdict
Total	448	16	6	10	99	45	50	4	333	152	179	2
Average per court	56	2	1	1	12	6	6	1	42	19	22	0

F. Protection against domestic violence

At the request of the Network for Action Against Gender Violence in El Salvador, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic, along with a number of government organizations and NGOs, set up a standing committee for the protection of children against domestic violence.In 2004, the committee drafted a manual for the application of the Domestic Violence Act, which was circulated to various institutions nationwide, with a view to providing fast and effective care for victims of domestic violence.

Since 2004 the Office has been a member of a technical working party set up to draft legislation for the Legislative Assembly Committee on Women and the Family.That Committee prepared a bill on the protection of victims of sexual abuse, domestic violence and trafficking in persons for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation, which is being considered for adoption by the legislative plenary.Proposals have also been prepared for reforms of the Family Code to protect women and children, which are also being considered in the hope that they will be approved by the Legislative Assembly.

In the field of awareness-raising and training, the Inter-institutional Committee for the Prevention of and Care for Domestic Violence has been in existence since the year 2000, carrying out activities such as nationwide awareness-raising and fairs to prevent violence, in which it informs the pubic about the rights of women, children and adolescents, and gender violence, its causes, and which institutions are competent in this area.This project is run by the Salvadoran Institute for Women’s Development.

Regarding publicizing violence specifically against children and adolescents, in 2003 the Working Party for the Eradication and Prevention of and Protection of Children from Commercial Sexual Exploitation was set up by the signature of a memorandum of understanding by fifteen institutions: the Legislative Assembly Committee on the Family, Women and Children, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic, the National Council of the Judiviciary, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, the Ministry of External Relations, the National Civil Police, the Salvadoran Institute for the Full Development of Children and Adolescents, the Salvadoran Institute for the Development of Women, the National Coordination Association for Salvadoran Women, the Employers’ Association for the Development of the Communities of Morazán and San Miguel, the Huellas Foundation and the Network against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, in which they undertook to work together in this area.The working party has also drawn up a number of information documents on the protection of children against sexual exploitation, which were distributed nationwide.It also drafted an inter-institutional action plan, which is in progress.

By means of forums designed for judicial operators and citizens in general, work has also been done on awareness-raising in order to foster a rejection of violence against children and adolescents in various State sectors and society.The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic has carried out an awareness-raising project on the issue of commercial sexual exploitation, which is designed to provide information to the population on the role of men in the prevention and eradicate sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.The Physical Training School is carrying out awareness-raising activities on the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, aimed at all public prosecution staff nationwide.

The following tables give details of the treatment of cases of domestic violence against children in the Salvadoran judicial system.

Figure 27

Statistical data on minors who are victims of domestic violence in the country’s 22 family courts, during 2006

Family courts	Total	Total
Total by type of violence	Total by age range	Total by gender
Physical	Sexual	Psychological	Age 0 to 5	Age 6-11	Age 12-14	Age 15-17	Female	Male
Total	283	169	4	110	95	19	44	125	204	79

Figure 28

Statistical data on minors who are victims of domestic violence in the country’s 22 family courts, during 2006

Family courts

Type of violence involving minors

Physical

Sexual

Psychological

Age 0 to 5

Age 6-11

Age 12-14

Age 15-17

Age 0 to 5

Age 6-11

Age 12-14

Age 15-17

Age 0 to 5

Age 6-11

Age 12-14

Age 15-17

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

Total

44

20

3

3

12

10

65

12

-

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

22

9

6

6

13

8

35

11

Figure 29

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims of domestic violence in the 24 Magistrates Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System.

	2004	2005	2006
	Total	Average per court	Total	Average per court	Total	Average per court
Magistrates Courts
Mediation authorized	1	0	6	0	12	1
Order for investigation with injunctive relief			3	0	4	0
Discharge	1	0			13	1
Order for investigation with petition hearing					2	0
Non-applicability of the anti-gang law	1	0
Order for investigation with interim detention	1	0
Order for investigation without interim detention	1	0	10	0	15	1
Definitive discharge	20	1	9	0	17	1
Provisional discharge	11	0	15	1	96	4
Conditional suspension of proceedings	3	0	1	0	2	0
Total	39	2	44	7
Total 2004-2006	345
Average per court	14

Figure 30

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims of domestic violencein the 30 Preliminary investigation courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System.

	2004	2005	2006
	Total	Average per court	Total	Average per court	Total	Average per court
Magistrates Courts
Total	8	0	9	0	14	0
Proceedings in progress	3	0	2	0	5	0
Trial proceedings			2	0
Mediation authorized	2	0	1	0	3	0
Incompetent			1	0
Contempt of court					3	0
Absolute invalidity					1	0
Conviction in fast-track procedure	1	0
Definitive discharge	1	0	1	0	1	0
Provisional discharge	1	0	1	0
Conditional suspension of proceedings			1	0	1	0
Total 2004-2006	31
Average per court	1

The Salvadoran Government’s National Policy on Women, implemented through the Salvadoran Institute for the Development of Women (ISDEMU), recognizes that violence against women, in public and private spaces, manifests itself in the unequal exercise of power through the social establishment of gender differences that place women at a disadvantage in relation to men, and over other vulnerable groups such as children, adolescents and older and disabled persons. The State of El Salvador has taken up the challenge of eliminating these generic socio-structural inequalities, which goes beyond mere legislative action and consolidation of a safe infrastructure. There is therefore a need for action to change cultural models that place women at a disadvantage and leave them exposed to gender violence.

This policy includes the Family Relations Restoration Programme (PSRF), the objectives of which include implementing ongoing educational gender awareness and prevention programmes on the issue of domestic violence, sexual assault and child abuse, aimed at the population at risk, in coordination with government bodies, local governments, civil society and private enterprise. In this context, a national domestic violence prevention and care plan has been devised, under which a number of publicity and awareness measures against violence have been carried out, including: publicity for the Domestic Violence Act, the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women (Convention of Belem Do Para), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in activities aimed at staff of government institutions and the judiciary, schools, the armed forces, the National Civil Police, and the general population. A total of 631 Prevention Fairs have also been carried out since 2004 in the country’s 14 departments, directly benefiting 160,744 people, and 803,720 indirectly.

Figure 31

Fairs against domestic violence

People taking part in fairs against domestic violence

Year	Number of fairs	Women participants	Men participants	Total
2004	102	38,882	32,966	71,848
2005	463	30,699	23,019	53,718
2006	66	20,502	14,676	35,178
Total	631	90,083	70,661	160,744

Source: ISDEMU

Since 2004, ISDEMU has been implementing group action agendas for child and adolescent victims of domestic violence, child abuse and commercial sexual exploitation of children.

The PSRF has been carrying out sessions for students of national and private schools, covering topics such as:child abuse, sexual abuse, teenage pregnancies, commercial sexual exploitation of children, human values and trafficking in persons.Individual and group psychology sessions are also being conducted for children and adolescents with the aim of improving their mental health and self-esteem.Individual psychological care has been given to 4,900 children; and to a further 5,794 in group sessions; 8,294 underwent psychological monitoring.

The Salvadoran State, through the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic and the courts of justice, has continued to prosecute sexual offences against children and adolescents. See information on this in annex IV.

Regarding the protection of children involved in offences against family rights and duties, the Minors’ and Women’s Unit of the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic is responsible for taking criminal proceedings. In caring for victims, the Office provides legal, psychological and social assistance, in some cases applying the protection measures provided for in the Domestic Violence Act. In performing this function, the Office acts on this issue in constant coordination with government institutions such as ISDEMU, ISNA, the National Secretariat for the Family, the Institute of Forensic Medicine, the Supreme Court of Justice and the National Civil Police.

Criminal law recognizes several types of crimes in which paternal irresponsibility is punished by imprisonment. See annex V for the relevant legislation.

The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic reports statistics on crimes relating to family relations for the reporting period. See annex VI for this information.

Regarding child-abuse victims, in all cases handled by ISNA protection measures were adopted in accordance with the ISNA Act, and measures were also ordered for those responsible for the children.

ISDEMU also cares for child victims of sexual assault and abuse. The following table sets out the number and percentage of children handled by ISDEMU in 2006.

Figure 32

Child victims of sexual assault and abuse treated by ISDEMU (2006)

Age	Sexual assault	Child abuse
Female	Percentage	Male	Percentage	Female	Percentage	Male	Percentage	Total
0-1	1	0.16%			37	2.37%	18	1.31%	56
2-5	40	6.33%	23	24.21%	164	10.50%	147	10.74%	374
6-9	95	15.03%	39	41.05%	379	24.26%	423	30.90%	936
10-13	188	29.75%	23	24.21%	478	30.60%	490	35.79%	1179
14-17	308	48.73%	10	10.53%	504	32.27%	291	21.26%	1113
Total	632		95		1,562		1,369		3,658

Source: ISDEMU

See annex VII for the cases occurring in 2004-2005.

ISDEMU offers temporary shelter for women and their children who have suffered domestic violence, sexual abuse and commercial sexual exploitation. The temporary protection goes hand in hand with psychological and social care, legal advice and individual and group support for women victims of domestic violence, including the children.

Figure 33

Domestic violence victims sheltered by ISDEMU (2004-2007)

Year	Women	Boys	Girls	Total
2004	88	53	58	199
2005	54	30	95	179
2006	60	42	122	225
Total	244	151	348	744

Source: ISDEMU

See annex VIII for the number of domestic violence victims handled by ISDEMU, including children.

ISDEMU also has a line of action on training and awareness for key officials for care and immediate action for victims of domestic violence, including children. National Civil Police officers have been given priority for taking part in these activities.

Figure 34

National Civil Police officers taking part in domestic violence training and awareness activities.

Year	Number of activities	Female	Male	Total
2004	111	3,654	3,064	6,718
2005	125	2,481	1,674	4,155
2006	130	2,346	1,660	4,006
Total	366	8,481	6,398	14,879

Source: ISDEMU

Regarding internment of children and adolescents, the ISNA Act states that placing them in an institution or internment is an exceptional protection measure of last resort, enabling children to be placed in a shelter appropriate to their age, personality and gender, with the aim of carrying out studies, learning a craft or trade, receiving specialist care for their rehabilitation, always ensuring that they are fully protected. The fundamental criterion for deciding on the internment of a child for their care, protection or treatment, is a direct and immediate threat to their life and personal integrity.

ISNA is the main institution responsible for sheltering children at risk, and for supervising private agencies authorized to carry out that function. To that end, it has internal procedures for periodic examination and supervision of internment conditions.

Having regard to the higher interests of interned children, ISNA has also established coordination mechanisms with the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic, the Office of the Attorney-General of the Republic, the National Civil Police, family courts and Magistrates courts, to supervise internment conditions and facilitate the protection of children at risk. The Office of the National Counsel for the Defence of Human Rights, as a part of the Attorney General's Office, and as an independent State agency, also has constitutional and legal powers to supervise the human rights of children interned in public institutions.

VI. Basic health and well-being

A. Survival and development; nutrition

Indicators of undernourishment in children aged under 5 show that El Salvador, over the past 15 years, has made considerable progress, reflecting a substantial improvement in the quality of children’s lives. However, these indicators differ considerably according to area of residence. The indicators show progress on solving the problem, as the rate of 11.2% in 1991 fell to 10.3% in 2003, a reduction of 0.9 points in 10 years, at an average rate of -0.09 points a year. If El Salvador maintains this most recent rate it may succeed in reducing the global rate of severe and moderate undernourishment to 7.5% by 2010 in accordance with 'A World Fit for Children' targets (PA-MANA), and to 5.6% in accordance with MDG 1.

Figure 35

Trend of undernourishment in children aged < 5, 1998-2003

15,211,211,810,330,023,223,318,92,51,51,11,405101520253035401988199319982003%Height/ageWeight/ageWeight/heigh

See annex IX for more information on undernourishment and anaemia.

According to the height census in school children (2000), 80.5% of children aged 6 to 9 are not underheight. Among the small percentage that is underheight, the proportion is 2.3 times higher in rural areas than in urban areas.

The analysis at municipal level indicates that most children are of adequate height. However, of the country’s 262 municipalities, there are nine in which over 40% are underheight, namely San Fernando in Chalatenango (50.6%), Mercedes La Ceiba in Cuscatlán (40.82%), California in Usulután (44%), San Antonio del Mosco in San Miguel (46.64%), and in Morazán: Guatajiagua (40.3%), Arambala (41.3%), San Fernando (41.38%), Cacaotera (44.61%) and San Simón (47.48%). The goal for the coming years is to bring this municipal percentage into line with progress nationwide.

Undernourishment results in or directly causes a high proportion of infant mortality. Nevertheless, El Salvador has succeeded in reducing the infant mortality rate for children from 0 to 11 months – i.e. the number of children dying under one year old per 1,000 live births – to 24. This half of the 2010 target for infant mortality (27.3) as that rate was achieved and exceeded over the period 1998-2002 at national level.

Figure 36

Goal: Reduce infant mortality (MDG 4)

	Infant mortality rate (0 to 11 months) – i.e. the number of children dying under one year old per 1,000 live births –
TARGET:Reduce it by one third (2010) (PA-MANA A, 1, 36 (a))	27.3
TARGET:Reduce it by two thirds (2015) (MDG 4)	13.7

For 2006 the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare reports a rate even lower than 12.75 per 1,000 live births. In this sense, the country has also achieved and exceeded the target of reducing this indicator by two thirds, so it is reasonable to forecast that the goal will be met in 2015.

Figure 37

	Infant mortality rate (age 1 to 4) – i.e. the number of children dying aged between 1 and 4 per 1,000 live births –
TARGET:Reduce it by one third (2010) (PA-MANA A, 1, 36 (a))	8
TARGET:Reduce it by two thirds (2015) (MDG 4)	4

The 2010 child mortality target (8) was achieved and exceeded at national level during the period 1998-2002, with a rate of 6.

Similarly, the 2015 target is very likely to be achieved.

See annex X for the “Plus 5” Review of the Application of Commitments under the “World Fit for Children” Plan of Action (2002).

Furthermore, 3.7% of children under five years old are overweight or obese. Overweight or obesity is more prevalent in children under two years old in households with a high socio-economic level. Overweight and obesity affect 54.2% of women of child-bearing age, 35.8% being overweight and 18.4% obese.

According to FESAL, for the years 2002-2003, 80.2% of the nation’s children aged between 12 and 59 months were not amaemic, while 19.8% were. The prevalence of anaemia among children under five (12 to 59 months) means the proportion of children in that age range whose haemoglobin level indicates that they are suffering from anaemia according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States of America (Morbility and Mortality Weekly Report - MMWR).

By geographical area at national level, prevalence of anaemia in children in rural areas is 23.1%, while in urban areas it has been reduced to 15.8%. The worst affected group is children aged 6 to 24 months, with prevalences of 40% in children aged 6 to 11 months. Nutritional anaemia, caused mainly by iron deficiency, is therefore still a public health and child development issue.

El Salvador aims to reduce anaemia to 12.6% in line with PA-NAMA targets, i.e. a one-third reduction by 2010. If the pronounced downward trend is maintained, it is likely that the targets for 2010 and 2015 will be met.

Figure 38

Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6 to 59 months. National total.

(FESAL 2002-2003)

Over the past five years the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin < 11mg/dl) in non-pregnant women is 8.8%, while 80.2% of women are not anaemic.

Moreover, anaemia in pregnant women, especially in the last three months show a significant increase of 20.7% in relation to non-pregnant women. At the end of that period the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women was 13.6%, compared with 86.4% of pregnant women who do not suffer from it.

Figure 39

Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women by trimester. National total.

(FESAL 2002-2003)

Despite progress made, control of this programme has a high priority as anaemia increases the risk of maternal mortality, delayed psycho-motor development in children, reduces their learning capacity and school performance, and reduces adults’ physical strength and productivity at work.

According to the latest height census (SCENTES/2000), four departments and 66 municipalities in the country have been identified as having a high percentage of undernourishment, located mainly in the rural areas of the country. It is important to prioritize the geographical area to begin action in these areas and concentrate efforts where they are most needed. See annex XI for the second school height census, 2000.

Exclusive breast-feeding is the best food for children during their first six months of life, and is the cornerstone of nutritional food security in the first two years, protects maternal health, and has financial repercussions for the home.

Exclusive breast-feeding has increased by 8 percentage points in recent years, from 15.8% to 24%, though it is still low, as only 2 out of 10 children under six months are exclusively breastfed. Foods are introduced early, which means that if food and nutrition education is stepped up, mothers might not introduce other liquids that they still regard as necessary for their babies.

Figure 40

Prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding in children under nine months old.

National total. FESAL (2002-2003)

See annex XII for information on breast-feeding in El Salvador.

For the years 2002–2003, 24% of children nationwide aged 0 to 5 months were exclusively breastfed. According to institutional records of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, for 2006, a total of 105,397 children under six months were exclusively breastfed, the department of San Salvador reporting the highest number of children (20,774).

In 1988, 36% of Salvadoran children under 5 had low levels of serum retinol. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with infant mortality, especially neonatal. Vitamin A deficiency was a serious public health issue in El Salvador during the 1980s. The latest studies show that only 5% of children under 5 have levels below 10mg/dl. Successful implementation and maintaining strategies such as supplementation with megadoses of vitamin A, food fortification and nutritional education have minimzed the problem in El Salvador.

In 1990 the national prevalence of endemic goitre in school children was 24.8%, with a higher proportion in rural areas. Recent studies of iodine levels in the urine of school children report that only 5.4% had levels below 10 micrograms per decilitre, the largest number of school children with this deficiency being in the departmento of La Unión (26.4%), indicating that iodized salt is reaching most Salvadoran households.

Nutrition campaigns are aimed at improving the circumstances of persons, families and communities and ensuring proper physical and emotional development. To carry out nutrition campaigns, work was needed to intensify and focus a number of measures designed for the most vulnerable groups. Thus measures for early detection of child undernourishment were stepped up; but where it was found it was managed and treated appropriately and comprehensively. Monitoring and continuous assessment of the state of nutrition and its constraints have also been stepped up, thereby helping to meet the corresponding targets of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.

In this context, based on a diagnosis and an analysis of the activities and costs of current programmes, taking account of the priorities of more vulnerable groups and areas, we set out below the progress and achievements in nutrition. It must be acknowledged that progress has been satisfactory and sustained; however, there are still some deficits in this field so lines of action have been defined in nutrition, giving priority to reducing short- and medium- term nutritional problems.

With the aim of reducing nutritional risk and morbility and mortality during infancy and early childhood, and improving breast-feeding indicators, since 1992 the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare has been implementing the promotion, protection and support component for breast-feeding and food supplements, by means of the following indicators:

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). This initiative takes as a reference the Innocenti Declaration, adopted at the 45 th World Health Assembly (1992). The BFHI aims to reverse hospital practices that interfere with the successful start of breast-feeding, from birth and maintaining exclusive breast-feeding until the sixth month of life. Of the country’s 30 hospitals, 23 are being upgraded and reaccredited, while five hospitals are being accredited.

The women- and child-friendly health centres initiative ( USANYM) . The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare is promoting this initiative, made official in June 2004 and implemented in 367 health centres, with the objective of strengthening and expanding activities to protect, promote and support maternal nutrition for infants during gestation, breastfeeding and infancy and early childhood, through the first level of care, with a view to increasing exclusive breast-feeding up to six months of age and promoting appropriate introduction of other foods at that age, together with breast-feeding extending up to age two or beyond. At community level, some 2000 health promoters have been trained to put across the key messages of this practice, and volunteer counsellors have been trained, for which technical standards were prepared.

At USANYM the Breast-Feeding and Food Supplements component is being implemented at local and community levels, and nutritional care is given to pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers. At the same time, other processes are being carried out to ensure that the initiatives are sustainable, such as:

Study of the Bill on the Promotion, Protection and Support for Breast-Feeding;

Study of the setting-up of the National Committee for Breast-Feeding and Food Supplements;

Conducting periodic (biannual) assessments on compliance with the Code on the marketing of breast-milk substitutes and sharing its results at national level;

Incorporation of a breast-feeding and baby-food component in the Strategy for Comprehensive Nutritional Care in the community (AIN-C), and in the Strategy for Comprehensive Care of Common Childhood Diseases (AEIPI), in health establishments and in the community, implemented by health promoters;

Implementation of a monitoring system in direct support of breast-feeding (MADLAC) in 23 Salvadoran hospitals with a maternity service;

Strengthening the technical capability of health personnel. In 2005, 141 technical advisers were trained to implement the BFHI and USANYM initiatives. In 2006 the first national team of external assessors was certified, consisting of 35 professionals from the Ministry of Health, the Salvadoran Social Security Institute and NGOs (paediatricians, neonatologists, gynaecologists, doctors, nutritionists, nurses and educators), with the cooperation of UNICEF. All health establishments have health personnel who offer advice on breast-feeding. Nutrition teachers have also been included from the Universidad de El Salvador and the Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador;

DvDevelopment of tools to monitor the initiatives (self-assessment of hospitals and health centres), and questionnaires and consolidated data of MADLAC information. The BFHI, encouraged by WHO/UNICEF worldwide, is being implemented using the ten steps to successful breast-feeding. Twenty-three hospitals with maternity services (i.e. 85% of the country’s hospitals) have been accredited and monitored as baby-friendly.

As part of the approach for children’s nutritional prevention and protection, the promotion and monitoring of growth has been strengthened and sustained in both public establishments and the community, using weight/age, height/age and cephalic perimeter growth charts, interpreting the growth trend for boys and girls. This measure is being carried out in the 367 public establishments by health personnel and at community level by health promoters. To date there is a total of 1,900 health promoters and specific supervisors of trained promoters. Nutritional supervision is also carried out at community level, twice a year on all children under five in rural areas using the weight/age index.

The following strategies have been implemented for extending coverage:

Comprehensive Nutritional Care in the Community (AIN). This is a community strategy for promoting health and nutrition by monitoring weight gain in pregnant women, and children under two. The strategy fosters the promotion and development through community participation, and is carried out by volunteers, generally fathers or mothers. Besides monitoring growth and supervising maternal and infant health, the strategy provides nutritional education by means of nutritional advice by volunteer advisors. Since 2002, 1,120 households were covered in 150 municipalities, training 516 facilitators and 2,250 volunteer advisors. A total of 16,000 children and 3,000 pregnant women were handled with this strategy. The strategy was supported by a number of private and cooperation bodies such as INTERVIDA, Canadian Cooperation - Project SAGYS, CALMA, FUSAL, PLAN, USAID, Save the Children, Doctors of the World, among others;

Comprehensive care in rural health and nutrition centres (CRSN). These centres provide primary health and nutrition care, stimulation of development and initial education for children aged two to five. There are 51 CRSNs located in marginal rural and urban areas of 34 municipalities. Some 63.9% of the centres are located in municipalities with a high prevalence of underheight children. The centres handle an average of 35 children, covering a total of 1,785 children aged 2 to 5, by means of 153 nutrition promoters. Activities are carried out to monitor and control physical growth, micronutrient supplementation (vitamin A, iron and zinc), delousing, vaccination, supplementary food (lunch and two snacks), oral health, nutritional health for parents, and initial education for children;

Nutritional care plan for children, pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers in priority municipalities. The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, with the support of the Directorate of Food Welfare of the National Secretariat for the Family (SNF), and the World Food Programme, is implementing the nutritional care plan for mothers and children under five in 62 municipalities selected for a high prevalence of underheight children. Under the plan a food supplement was provided for an average of 53,000 direct beneficiaries, including 44,000 children under 5, and 9,000 pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers. The programme began in 2003 with 22 municipalities in Ahuachapán, Sonsonate and Santa Ana, departments selected on account of the coffee crisis. A budget of $3.1 million, funded by the World Food Programme (WFP), was allocated for food purchases. Since November 2005, this programme has been providing a monthly package of basic health and nutrition care and an individual food ration (rice, oil, beans and maize), food supplement for children and mothers (CSB/vitamin-enriched cereal), and advice on food and nutrition. An average of 475 metric tonnes of food are distributed each month.

In the nutritional food education component, communication strategies, educational materials, guides and technical manuals were devised to support nutritional measures and programmes, including the following: Salvadoran family food guide; Preventing anaemia; Iodized salt; Vitamina A; Breast-feeding and food supplements; Diet during pregnancy; Diet guide for adolescents and women of child-bearing age; Advice leaflets on Comprehensive Nutrition Care (AIN) in the community; and provision of radio and television slots on health- and nutrition-related topics.

The food fortification programmes are a nationwide initiative, as it is a responsibility of government, producers and consumers to ensure that they are maintained, and that they improve in quality and coverage for the benefit of the health of the Salvadoran population. These programmes include: supplementation with micronutrients (vitamin A, iron plus folic acid and zinc). Vitamin A is supplied to four vulnerable population groups: babies under one year old, children aged 1 to 4, children aged 5 to 9 and nursing mothers. In 2005 the beneficiaries were 37,085 breast-feeding mothers. Iron supplements are given to six population groups: pregnant women aged 10 to 19, pregnant women aged 20 to 49, nursing mothers aged 10 to 19, nursing mothers aged 20-49, women of child-bearing age aged 10 to 19 and women of child-bearing age aged 20 to 49. In 2005, 427,745 women of child-bearing age benefited, i.e. 20% received iron supplements. Zinc supplements are given to a population group (children aged 1 to 4), with treatment of 60 ml a year and therapeutic doses to treat diarrhoea. Thirty-six per cent of the total population, or 251,472 beneficiaries, received this supplement in 2005. Iodized oil is administered in therapeutic doses to children diagnosed as deficient in iodine.

Figure 41

Estimated coverage of the supplementation programme

Vitamin A
	Under 1 year old	Aged 1 to 4	Aged 5 to 9	Nursing mothers
Dose	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	Single dose	Single dose
Beneficiaries	81,440	60,359	45,862	121,313	109,735	103,783	37,085
Total population	95,768	95,768	95,768	558,453	558,453	619,380	--**
Estimated coverage	85%	63%	48%	22%	20%	16%	--
FESAL 02/3				47.8%			22.4%

ZINC: 60 ml bottle		IRON: 60 ml syrup bottle (25/1 ml)
Aged 1 to 4			6-11 months	1-4 years
	Single dose		Beneficiaries	112,952	340,529
Beneficiaries	251,472		Total population	--**	558,453
Total population	558,453		Coverage	--	60.9%
Coverage	45%		FESAL 02/3	28.7%	66.4%

The supplementation programme implemented the following initiatives:

Fortification of salt with iodine. By law, industrially produced and packaged salt must be fortified with iodine. This programme is implemented using administrative standards and procedures, and monitoring plans for pre-mixing, in salt packaging and production plants. Within the programme’s quality assurance system, food samples are analysed in households each year, with national representativity to corroborate that the level of fortification in households is in line with standards. Also, nationwide assessments of iodine excretion in the urine are conducted every four years on school children under 12 to establish the impact of iodized salt fortification. The variables investigated are: gender, age, origin, department, municipality, repeat of school year, salt brand, presence of iodine in salt and iodine levels in urine;

The third study conducted in 2004 covered 87 schools, and a total of 1,280 urine samples were collected. The results reported that the population’s average level of iodine in their urine was 20 micrograms of I/dl, an increase in relation to the value reported in the studies conducted in 1996-97 and the year 2000. Levels for 94.6% of the school children in the study were at least 10 micrograms/dl, showing that the iodized salt programme has had an impact on the population and that school children consume iodine in their daily diet. Since 1995 the iodized salt programme has had a communication strategy which comprises a variety of educational and audiovisual materials, covering the mass media: radio, press and television;

Fortification of sugar with vitamina A. The programme began in 1990 thanks to support from the Japanese Government through the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, and succeeded in fortifying some 2.5 million quintals of sugar for domestic consumption. The family health survey conducted in the country reports that vitamin A deficiency in the country had fallen to less than 5% in children under five. Since 1996 the programme of sugar fortified with vitamin A has had a communication strategy that promotes the importance of vitamin A;

Fortification of wheat flour with iron, folic acid and B-complex vitamins. Fortification of wheat flour was reactivated in the 1990s. While the wheat flour fortification programme has a good coverage, children under two and women of child-bearing age still suffer from anaemia. All flour fortified for consumption is subject to the monitoring programme in mills, shops or stores and homes to check the level of fortification. A communication strategy for preventing anaemia has been in place since 2003;

Fortification of processed corn flour with iron, folic acid and B-complex vitamins. In 2003 processed corn flour was successfully fortified with iron, folic acid and B-complex vitamins, such as niacin, thyamin and riboflavin, as consumption is higher in the country. This measure follows those already implemented for combating anaemia in El Salvador; in this case, efforts have been made at community level to promote women’s rural agro-industries by setting up bakeries.

To upgrade nutritional care for the population with nutritional complaints, technical documents have been drafted for handling patients who are hospitalized, and in some cases outpatients, such as the clinical care handbook for children with severe malnutrition in hospitals and the nutritional care handbook for handling persons living with HIV/AIDS.

B. Disabled children

The issue of educational care for persons with diabilities or special educational needs is governed by the Constitution and secondary legislation. The Constitution requires the State to organize the educational system and set up special educational institutions and services. It also states that citizens have the right and duty to receive nursery and elementary education, and provides that special education, like nursery and elementary education, is to be free of charge when provided by the State. The premises of the Constitution are expanded in the General Education Act, and together they establish the objectives of special education the responsibilities of the Ministry of Education. Furthermore, El Salvador is a State party to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities approved in March 2007 by the United Nations General Assembly.

Also, in the year 2000 the Equal Opportunities for the Disabled Act was approved, with the National Council for Comprehensive Care of Disabled Persons (CONAIPD) as governing body for implementation. This body coordinates all the measures and endeavours to foster compliance with obligations regarding the rights of disabled children, checking and supervising the operation of the institutions working with that segment of the population.

CONAIPD promotes programmes designed to raise society’s awareness of the rights of the disabled in general, working with the mass media on the proper image of disabled persons, by promoting the competition “A Better Press for the Disabled”, in which the press, radio and television take part in drafting media pieces or news items that can promote respect of the rights of this population group in various areas, such as education, timely prevention and detection, non-discrimination, sport and leisure. It thereby contributes to the general public awareness of social inclusion of disabled children, and the disabled population throughout its development. It also helps to publicize issues for preventing disabilities and proper care; activities include the science day “Progress on preventing blindness through timely diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity”, that took place in February 2007 for doctors and authorities of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare.

The CONAIPD infrastructure unit coordinates with local authorities, builders’ associations and the media, to promote compliance with accessibility regulations in architecture, urban development, transport and communications. The regulations lay down guidelines for all public and private buildings, including schools, setting out the technical details to enable barriers to be removed and give students with physical and sensory disabilities a properly adapted learning environment. The institution also promotes the right to education of disabled children and adolescents, in the family and to the general public, via the mass media. This programme involved Italian cooperation and the Ministry of Education to promote an inclusive education project, at the República de Haití school in Sonsonate, which is to be a model inclusion school to serve as an example to the whole country.

In 2004 blind and visually impaired children were officially included in the regular education system from third grade. This success came about as a result of joint work in the inter-institutional committee on the process of reform to cater for the blind and visually impaired in education.

Since 2004 CONAIPD has been running a contest in coordination with the Ministry of Education to promote inclusive education. It consists of a contest between normal public educational establishments with the aim of fostering creative teaching strategies in classrooms where there are children with disabilities, and a change of attitude in favour of inclusive education.

The Salvadoran Institute for the Rehabilitation of Invalids (ISRI) is a specialist body providing care and rehabilitation services for users with physical and mental limitations, catering for disabled children in its centres. ISRI’s total budget has been increased over the reporting period as follows: 2004: $11,746,760; 2005: $12,033,720; and 2006: $12,928,120. The budget allocated to the ISRI Care Centres for 2007 is as follows:

Figure 42

Salvadoran Institute For Rehabilitation Of Invalids

Care centre	Assets 2007	Wages and salaries 2007	Total general fund 2007	Own resources 2007	2007
Rehabilitation centre for the blind	$44,505.00	$405,730.00	$450,235.00	$10,415.00	$460,650.00
Centre for the locomotor system	$20,230.00	$879,750.00	$899,980.00	$148,340.00	$1,048,320.00
Hearing and language centre	$2,885.00	$479,770.00	$482,655.00	$70,000.00	$552,655.00
Rehabilitation centre for children and adolescents	$20,230.00	$911,410.00	$931,640.00	$91,995.00	$1,023,635.00
Western comprehensive rehabilitation centre	$8,095.00	$490,075.00	$498,170.00	$57,370.00	$555,540.00
Eastern comprehensive rehabilitation centre	$16,185.00	$478,620.00	$494,805.00	$64,930.00	$559,735.00
Professional rehabilitation centre	$20,230.00	$292,760.00	$312,990.00	$14,030.00	$327,020.00
Outpatient consultation unit	$25,440.00	$314,100.00	$339,540.00	$20,020.00	$359,560.00
Total, all centres	$157,800.00	$4,252,215.00	$4,410,015.00	$477,100.00	$4,887,115.00

The budget allocated to the care centres has been increased over the reporting period. See annex XIII in this respect.

There is as yet no census in El Salvador of the precise number of children with disabilities, but the governing body for disabilities has started to take steps with a view to taking a census purely of disabilities.

ISRI cares for children with disabilities that are physical (cerebral palsy), mental (mental retardation, Down syndrome, autism) and sensory (blindness and deafness). In the case of mental retardation, the children range from 0 to 30 years in age (chronological age). In 2006 it catered for 7,001 boys and 5,207 girls.

ISRI provides services for disabled children in the various care centres. In the Eastern and Western Rehabilitation Centres, at the Rehabilitation Centre for Children and Adolescents(CRINA) and at the Centre for the Locomotor System, the population is treated according to the speciality of the professionals attending them, under the following programmes:

Physical therapy: early stimulation, sensory motor programme, hydrotherapy, hypotherapy and preparation of adaptations;

Occupacional therapy: sensory motor programme and preparation of adaptations;

Language therapy: programme for developing motor skills (movements for articulation); language acquisition and development programme; articulation programme; aphasia programme; and alternative communication programme;

Educational therapy: regular education programme; mature student programme; calculation and attention; verbal comprehension; and preparation;

Special education programme: socialization; multisensory education; and everyday activities;

Music therapy;

Adaptative therapy;

Support services;

Psychology: psychological assessments; individual counselling for parents; individual psychotherapy for parents; parents’ school;

Social work: education and instruction programme for family groups; and educational recreation visits;

Construction of special chairs at the Locomotor System Centre (CAL), Eastern Comprehensive Education Centre (CRIOR), and Western Comprehensive Education Centre (CRIO).

The Locomotor System Centre (CAL) and the Hearing and Language Centre (CALE) cater for users with a variety of disabilities, whether neurological disorders, skeletal muscle, joint disorders or congenital deformities, or language and speech problems.

The Eugenia de Dueñas Rehabilitation Centre for the Blind caters for blind and partially sighted users. The service provided covers a wide variety of measures in the functional rehabilitation process for children with visual impairment, whether congenital or acquired.

ISNA also accommodates and cares for 63 boys and 46 girls with disabilities. ISNA is running the following care programmes for disabled children:

Psycho-social care: social and psychological care, income assessment, case monitoring, home visits, individual and group work;

School programme: The ISNA Special Education Centre currently has three teachers, one on the morning shift and two in the afternoon, and the study curriculum is based on the syllabuses established by the Ministry of Education. In addition, the benefiting children take part in Special Olympics in the athletics and swimming categories.

Health programme: the centre receives support from the Ministry of Health with doctors from the San Martín Health Centre. A general practitioner comes twice a week, while a psychiatrist helps to monitor cases twice a week. Dental care is provided on Saturdays and Sundays at the San Martín Health Centre. The Special Education Centre has a floor nurse, who controls the dispensing of drugs and visits the various homes, attends to emergencies, coordinates with health centres, checks the drugs register and makes referrals to hospitals;

Physiotherapy: The ISNA Special Education Centre has two physiotherapists; a gymnasium area for treatments; and a programme with continuous monitoring providing individual and group physiotherapy, coordinating physiotherapy activities with the Teletón Pro Rehabilitation Foundation (FUNTER), an agency providing technical support;

Workshops: the Centre has handicraft, needlework and baking workshops.

The Fund for the Protection of those Maimed and Disabled as a result of Armed Conflict was set up to provide care to maimed and disabled ex-combattant Salvadorans of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) and the armed forces, and the families of those killed in action: disabled parents and children, older parents and children under 18, as well as children under 18 dependent on maimed and disabled persons supported by the fund.

Services to which beneficiaries of the institution are entitled include the following:

a)Financial and additional benefits (pensions, compensation, travel allowances, funeral expenses and handover to surviving children);

b)Benefits in kind (prostheses, orthoses, drugs and other rehabilitation aids);

c)Stays in medical, surgical, hospital, dental, laboratory and mental health services and reintegration into working and productive life.

The Fund currently pays benefits to the following child population:

Figure 43

Child population receiving payments from the Fund for the Protection of those Maimed and Disabled as a Result of Armed Conflict (2006)

Type	Girls	Boys
Children with treated disability	30	71
Children of deceased disabled persons	155	183
Non-disabled minor children of deceased combattants	151	145
Disabled minor children of deceased combattants	33	50
Total	369	449

Source: Fund for the Protection of those Maimed and Disabled as a Result of Armed Conflict.

The Fund for the Protection of those Maimed and Disabled as a Result of Armed Conflict caters not only for adults mained or disabled as a direct result of armed conflict, but also for children under 18 who lost their family support for the same reasons.

Figure 44

Contribution of the Salvadoran Government from April 1995 to April 2006	158,085,541.93
Institutional budget for 2006	14,479,350.00
Total population of beneficiaries from April 1995 to April 2006	30,577

These beneficiaries include orphaned minors with the following breakdown:

Figure 45

Total orphaned minors cared for by the Fund

7,124

Figure 46

Minor children of deceased combattants	6,783
Invalid children of deceased combattants	81
Children of maimed persons who died receiving benefits from the Fund	260

The State’s efforts to care for disabled children are supplemented by private agencies that are supervised by the State.

Figure 47

Disabled children cared for by private agencies

Agency	Boys	Girls
El Progreso Vocational Training Centre	30	7
Faraway Special Friends Club Foundation	55	62
Salvadoran Association of Friends and Parents of Exceptional Down Children	37	7
Abandoned Disabled Children’s Home.Hermano Pedro Foundation	67	73
Total	189	149

The following are noteworthy among the programmes being implemented by private agencies:

El Progreso Vocational Training Centre. Cares for persons with mental retardation and Down syndrome, with a chronological age between five and forty years. It was set up and is administered by the Association of Parents of Mentally Retraded Persons, and carries out the following activities: vocational training under the protected workshop system; recreational-educational activities; support for the parents and other family members of disabled children; specialist care for disabled children while the parents are at work; promotion of non-discrimination in families, community participation, inclusion in the community, and accesiblity in public transport and communications;

Roberto Callejas Montalvo Cerebral Palsy Home. It offers day-care activities for children, adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy and other physical disabilities. This home carries out artistic, manual and craft and industrial production activities; it promotes educational interaction and awareness with the family; and implements the Basic Community Rehabilitation Programme in the Municipality of Santo Tomás, where it raises awareness in the community and promotes early detection and care for disabilities.

The Hellen Keller Foundation. Provides services for training deaf children and adolescents in numeracy; it offers literacy for the deaf and children suffering from Down Syndrome and promotes the educational support classroom;

Faraway Special Friends Club Foundation Handles mental retardation and physical and sensory disabilities in persons varying in chronological age from 4 to 35 years. It runs a sheltered workshop for manual activities in fabric and wood, clay and painting; it runs a distance-learning programme, with material support from the Ministry of Education (MINED); and promotes and monitors educational integration of children;

Salvadoran Association of Friends and Parents of Exceptional Down Children The Association provides educational services for nursery school and first grade for children and adolescents with Down Syndrome. It provides backup for everyday life activities, psychomotor activities, manual skills workshops, language therapy, sport, dance, and has the support of a nutritionist;

Hermano Pedro Foundation Home for Abandoned Disabled Children. It provides basic health care and rehabilitation for children with various disabilities in some areas. It cares for persons of chronological age 0 to 47 with cerebral palsy, mental retardation, autism and hydrocephalus.

In addition, from 2004 to 2006 the Fundación Teletón Pro- Rehabilitación (FUNTER) cared for 4,678 children.

The Equal Opportunties for the Disabled Act offers education for persons with special educational needs, from the perspective of their right to an education based on an appropriate methodology that facilitates their learning, a right that encompasses their training and working and professional rehabilitation, to be cared for by appropriate staff for their comprehensive rehabilitation and to have access to the system of scholarships.

The Act refers to the State’s obligation to recognize the principles of equal educational opportunities for all disabled persons, and to ensure that their education is integrated into the main system. The Act also allows for the possibility of the persons mentioned being integrated into the regular education system and requires educational establishments to have appropriate support services and accessibility. The Act also covers State responsibility for fostering training of human resources to cater for demand for special education, also providing for persons with special educational needs to access centres with appropriate resources. It provides a legal guarantee of the right of parents or heads of family to take part in the organization and assessment of educational services for persons with special educational needs.

The implementing regulation for the Equal Opportunties for the Disabled Act approaches the subject based on the “equal opportunities” concept and the responsibility of the Ministry of Education for compliance (article 34).

The regulation sets out the basic measures that MINED must promote in the following areas: increasing coverage, setting a minimum target of one integration school per municipality; adapting curricula and classrooms for special education; providing information on special educational needs; training, coaching and retraining of teaching staff; provision of appropriate teaching resources, technology and support for special education; guaranteeing access to the formal education system (including university) for persons with special educational needs; and guaranteeing the right of disabled persons to access the national educational grants system.

Article 36 of the Regulation sets out the strategies that the Ministry of Education must promote in special education regarding diversity, education integration, specialist services and awareness. The article stresses MINED’s responsibility for providing support services, training teaching staff and supplying materials and equipment for special education.

Article 37 highlights the need for any educational programme for persons with special educational needs to involve institutions, teachers, the education community, parents or heads of family and society in general. The article lays emphasis on ensuring that parents or guardians of disabled children take part in School Councils.

In order to put this whole legal framework in place, MINED has implemented measures through the National Education Plan 2021 in line with the political measures laid down for the education sector in the equal opportunities policy for disabled persons. For instance, there are Educational Support Classrooms which offer psychoeducational support for students with specific learning difficulties and support for the process of integrating disabled students. They are located in urban and rural areas of the countries, based on demand from the school. There are 563 educational support classrooms, 163 in rural areas, serving a total of 25,810 students in rural areas with special educational needs, whether or not associated with a disability.

Integration Schools are regular educational establishments which, after undergoing a process of awareness-raising, training and technical assistance, include disabled students in the school classrooms, where they take part in all the activities organized by the educational establishment. There are 550 Integration Schools nationwide; 103 of them in rural areas.

The State has special education schools, which are educational establishments catering for the moderately or severely mentally disabled population. Although they are located in urban areas, students come from both urban and rural backgrounds; there is a heading in the funds transferred to the school for supporting the transport of students from rural areas.

Figure 48

Children at special public schools by department and type of disability

Department	Blind	Visually impaired (non-functional residual vision)	Deaf	Hearing impairment	Down syndrome	Mentally retarded	Motor problems	Missing limbs	Total
Ahuachapán	14	388	111	45	2	64	102	20	746
Santa Ana	16	574	50	45	14	117	214	21	1,051
Sonsonate	13	368	123	47	12	93	142	22	820
Chalatenango	14	470	51	16	10	116	117	14	808
La Libertad	44	551	110	41	15	119	184	22	1,086
San Salvador	101	1,466	333	114	51	777	507	63	3,412
Cuscatlán	6	246	32	19	10	59	79	17	468
La Paz	22	360	71	30	10	69	154	24	740
Cabañas	11	165	33	6	9	42	56	6	328
San Vicente	5	241	38	8	10	67	83	14	466
Usulután	8	295	100	30	31	192	184	18	858
San Miguel	13	442	123	34	18	124	189	27	970
Morazán	9	203	47	13	16	107	64	8	467
La Unión	9	213	35	8	11	81	85	12	454
Total	285	5,982	1,257	456	219	2,027	2,160	288	12,674

Source: Enrolment census 2006. MINED

Special education has been offered for more than 60 years in El Salvador. Educational for the disabled has generally been a major challenge, not only for reasons related to the educational environment but also mainly on account of factors linked to the country’s social and cultural environment, notably the following: failure to identify disability at an early stage; social myths about disability; low expectations of the disabled population; scattered demand for educational services, making it difficult to open specialist services; and a general lack of knowledge about disability in society. These reasons have made it harder to tackle the situation, mainly in rural areas; however, efforts are being made to provide the disabled population with educational services in both regular schools and specialist services, as required.

The plans implemented by MINED for caring for disabled children also include measures to support teachers in catering effectively for persons with special educational needs.MINED has devised and given courses for school teachers specializing in caring for children who are deaf or blind or suffer from mental retardation, and devised Catering for Diversity Modules for regular teachers.Efforts have also been made to increase the provision of support and teaching materials for the visually impaired, for example by providing:specialist school and classroom libraries for 30 special education schools and five schools for the deaf; basic specialist material for 152 blind students catered for by various means in the system; Perkins machines for the blind for 10 rural educational establishments; and flexible education offers to ensure access for hearing-impaired and blind students to literacy clubs for the deaf and the blind; distance learning and proficiency exams.

The policy and regulations for special educational needs were drafted with four strategic lines in mind: administrative organization, provision of educational services, professional care for special educational needs, and participation and awareness-raising. These strategic lines aim to stimulate the national education system by determining responsibilities at central, departmental and local levels; diversifying the provision of educational services; promoting ongoing training of the professionals involved, and guiding, promoting and publicizing the schooling process of disabled students. It is important to stress the leading role of regular educational establishments and the guiding role of special education schools.

The structure of the MINED Special Education Unit was redesigned in order to broaden the scope of action when catering for the education of disabled students from central level.In this new context the Department for Special Educational Needs was set up, with two levels of coordination:support for students and guidance and resources for diversity.Both levels aim to ensure that the approach for catering for diversity can permeate throughout the entire education system.

In particular, Student Support Coordination is the body responsible for designing, implementing and providing specialist curricular and teaching support resources, to guarantee access to the curriculum for students with special educational needs, with or without disabilities or outstanding skills, in the regular education system. Meanwhile, Guidance and Resources for Diversity Coordination is responsible for devising educational strategies and resources to offer guidance to teachers on educational responses for catering for diversity and to parents of students undergoing prevention and assessment processes. The preliminary data obtained from the Enrolment Census 2006 reveal more than 12,000 disabled children in the various facilities offered by the system: special education schools, regular schools, literacy clubs for the deaf and the blind, distance learning, being served and supported in the regular educational establishments that they are attending.

Regarding teacher training, under the “skilled and motivated teachers” educational policy of the Department of Professional Teacher Development of the Ministry of Education, four specialist courses for the level of elementary education are being run in the fields of mental retardation, hearing impairment, learning difficulties and emotional problems. Furthermore, the Department is taking part in the revision of the language and mathematics modules for the network of institutions in the Comprendo programme, with a view to ensuring that they incorporate an approach catering for diversity.

The redisign of regulatory tools for the various areas of care for disabled children is at a very advanced stage. The tools – all known as manuals – involved in the updating process are: the educational psychology service, service for the deaf, education support classroom and special education school.

All the measures described above are covered by the Presidential Equality for All programme, a part of the National Education Plan 2021, which aims to guarantee education for students with special educational needs, with or without disabilities.

C. Health and health services

Furthermore, health care for children is still a priority for the State of El Salvador and it contiues to earmark funds for it, as the following table shows.

Figure 49

Department of health service planning

Health information unit

Cost of child care, 2004, 2005, 2006

Dollars

Costs of hospital child care	Costs of primary-level child care
Year	Child check-ups	Child morbidity	Child check-ups	Child morbidity
Production	Unit cost	Production	Unit cost	Production	Total cost	Unit cost	Production	Total cost	Unit cost
2004	208,486.00	14.80	2,217,023.00	15.40	1,133,296.25	4,576,183.23	4.30	2,080,574.36	9,709,485.21	4.64
2005	155,627.00	14.56	2,255,782.00	17.24	1,064,602.14	6,123,168.19	5.98	2,029,929.94	12,005,318.17	5.43
2006	Scrubbed data not yet available	1,070,643.05	5,343,550.75	4.99	2,037,613.71	10,070,190.69	4.94

Source: Management Information System, 2004-2006

There was a reduction in the proportion of households with no access to piped drinking water, whether via a connection to the home or an easily accessible public source, and the country is nearing compliance with the following goals:

Figure 50

GOAL:reduce by one third (2010) (PA-MANA A, 1, 36 (d))	30.7%
GOAL:reduce by half (2015) (MDG 7)	23.0%

Between 1991 and 2005 the proportion of households without access was reduced from 46.06% to 31.92%, a decrease of 14.17 percentage points, at an average rate of 0.94 points a year. If this overall rate is maintained it is highly likely that the country will achieve the goals for 2010 and 2015.

Between 1991 and 2005 the proportion of households without access to main drainage, a septic tank or earth closet was reduced from 24.16% to 10.12%, a decrease of 14.04 percentage points, at an average rate of 0.94 points a year, which shows that the goal for 2010 (16.11%) has already been achieved and exceeded at national level.

The Salvadoran Government has set up a Health Solidarity Fund (Fosalud), with a view to raising, collecting, and distributing financial resources to improve public health care. Over the 2005 and 2006 financial years, Fosalud paid out the fololowing amounts for children.

Figure 51

Health Solidarity Fund

Expenditure on children

Tax years 2005 and 2006

Thousand dollars

Description	2005	2006
Expenditure on children 1/	4,136.1	13,876.2
Number of health centres	66.0	105.0
Percentage contribution to total expenditure	80.0	66.2

1/ in 2006 cover was given for: purchase of vaccines for rotavirus, dengue prevention, development of the Maternal and Infant Health Programme on the islands of Jiquilisco Bay and at the San Julián Maternal and Infant Nutrition Centre.

Families in the poorest municipalities of El Salvador represent major challenges which are the basis for the “Solidarity Network”, which since 2004 includes the component of front-line combat against poverty as a part of the Presidential “Opportunities” Programme, which works with sympathizer members, participating municipalities, NGOs, the international community, private enterprise, and work coordinated by the government ministry.

The Solidarity Network tackles extreme poverty in rural areas and in the municipalities that have been identified as most lacking basic services. These are families which, besides having no income, have no access to basic services such as energy, roads, water or health. The Solidarity Network transfers money to every houshold that is in severe extreme poverty, on two conditions: that the children go to school, and that babies and their mothers undergo nutritional and health check-ups.

The important thing is to provide a basic platform to rescue them from the extremely fragile conditions in which they live. Later, they are provided with tools so that they can progress through work and effort, giving priority to health care and education for their children. Most poor households are run by a woman. Solidarity Network aims to comply with the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for the year 2015, and advocates transforming the poverty map of this country, building a viable and sustainable environment, with chances to develop in an environment of new opportunities.

Solidarity Network’s vouchers are already supporting more than 48,000 families in 47 municipalities, 32 of severe extreme poverty and 15 of high extreme poverty, and it had paid out more than $10 million nationwide up to the end of 2007. For 2008, the Network will be extended, with education and health vouchers for 30 new municipalities in high extreme poverty, thereby completing coverage of 77 municipalities.

Note that in the 32 municipalities in severe extreme poverty where the Network operates, there have been signs of an increase in health checks, including ante-natal check-ups, check-ups on babies under one year old and puerperal check-ups. Enrolments have also increased in these 32 municipalities, 23% in nursery school, 6% in first cycle and 9% in second cycle.

The Programme’s main achievements by theme up to December 2007 include:

a) Theme 1: Family solidarity network

Action in 47 municipalities in severe and high extreme poverty;

87,326 homes surveyed;

48,659 beneficiary families and $ 10.7 million handed out in health and education vouchers to severe and high extreme poverty municipalities.

More than 48,000 parents trained in topics such as child health and nutrition , child rights, domestic violence and healthy housing.

b) Theme 2: Basic services network

$ 32.4 million of investment in basic social infrastructure in 47 municipalities in severe and high extreme poverty, benefiting some 446,447 people (FISDL);

105 Effective Schooling Networks implemented by MINED;

83 municipalities served by the MSPAS Health Services Coverage Extension Programme;

c) Theme 3: Family sustainability network

28,416 families benefit under production projects implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), in September 2007;

7,047 microloans provided through the Multisectoral Inverstment Bank (BMI) in municipalities covered by the Programme. These microloans totalled $12.2 million at September 2007.

Solidarity Network operates in three stages:

Immediately changing living conditions;

Expanding opportunities to access basic services such as water and education;

Changing the economic enviroment and helping people to find a sustainable source of income and family development, especially when the woman is alone in the home, with no support from the father.

Around $50 million a year will be invested in each one. The funds will come from four sources: appropriations from the various participating ministries; international cooperation, loans from international bodies; and a specific heading of the national budget. The goal is to support 100,000 families in extreme poverty over the next four years, at a cost of $200 million.

The programme will invest directly in extremely poor households, regardless of their location or the religion or ideology they embrace.

The general objective is to bring about a comprehensive improvement in the living conditions of families living in extreme poverty, focusing on rural areas, expanding their opportunities and providing the necessary resources, by improving the network of basic services, programmes of production development and microloans, to boost their capabilities to take advantage of these opportunities and improve the quality of their personal, family and community life.

The specific objectives are as follows:

to improve the incomes of families in extreme poverty, helping to eradicate hunger and linking it to the basic health and education systems;

to improve rural health and nutrition conditions, giving priority to preventive care for mothers and infants;

to improve the conditions of rural families – especially mothers – in extreme poverty by means of training and support measures;

to improve the education of the school-age population – under 15 – from nursery school to sixth grade in rural areas;

to foster gender, ethnic and age equality, by the active participation of women and men in all the network’s activities, and the implementation of gender-equality training in various environments to improve conditions and relationships in families and communities;

to improve the provision of basic services in health, nutrition programmes and elementary education;

to improve basic social infrastructure – drinking water and sanitation, and strategic infrastructure – for access to services through comprehensive and coordinated action with those sectors;

to improve the population’s legal security, by legalizing the place of residence and personal identity documentation;

to provide tools to enable the home to be financially sustainable, through production projects, job-skills training and micro-loans.

D. Social security

Within its benefits system the Salvadoran Social Security Institute (ISSS) has a number of programmes aiming to ensure comprehensive health for its contributors and beneficiaries, such as: comprehensive care for women; nutrition, family planning; HIV/AIDS; child care; immunization; older persons; health development and promotion; and occupational health. Besides health services, the plan includes monetary benefits by way of subsidies for temporary incapacity, pensions for occupational accidents and funeral expenses in the event of the death of the contributor.

According to ISSS sources over the period 2004-2006, these programmes benefited a total of 1,895,890 workers and 786,377 children between the ages of 6 and 12, broken down as follows. In 2004 the programme benefited 612,190 workers and 213,274 children aged between 6 and 12. In 2005 the programme benefited a total of 633,752 workers and 256,557 children aged between 6 and 12. In 2006 the programme benefited a total of 649,948 workers and 316,546 children aged between 6 and 12.

Over the reporting period, the ISSS spent more than $33 million on caring for children of insured beneficiaries.

Figure 52

Salvadoran social security institute

Institutional finance unit

Budget department

Cost-control section

Cost of caring for children of insured beneficiaries 2004 to 2006 and january to may 2007

Description	Summary	Grand total in US dollars
2004	Amount in US dollars	2005	Amount in US dollars	2006	Amount in US dollars	January to May 2007	Amount in US dollars
Spending on programme for
Vaccines		N.A.		683,000.00		1,100,000.00		362,000.00	1,462,000.00
Consultations	542,375	4,593,871.35	886,952	7,285,827.00	894,726	7,348,318.22	332,002	2,739,158.90	21,967,175.47
X-ray examinations	43,893	558,955.12	44,248	586,285.70	51,300	679,735.85	22,201	304,967.21	2,129,943.88
Drugs		1,225,767.50		2,004,511.52		2,022,080.76		750,324.52	6,002,684.30
Laboratory tests	127,330	414,030.61	154,416	500,222.08	172,737	564,631.01	69,246	229,360.84	1,708,244.54
Total		6,792,624.58		11,059,846.30		11,714,765.84		4,385,811.47	33,270,048.19

Source: Actuarial and Statistics Department, Cost-Control Section Health preventon

N.B.: Medical care for children of insured beneficiaries which in 1989 covered ages 0 to 2 has been extended. It now covers the 0 to 12 year age range.

Note also that in order to help improve health care for children of workers, the ISSS has been extending the age range for which they may benefit from medical and hospital services, at no additional cost to workers with dependent minor children. Accordingly, in the first stage children under 2 years of age were included; subsequently, over the period 1993-1996 cover was extended to children aged 2 to 6, and in September 2004, cover for children aged 6 to 12 was approved. The total number of children covered is currently 278,000, about 92,000 of whom are in the 6 to 12 age group. By the end of the year it is hoped to cover a total of 316,000 children, 131,000 of whom would be in the 6 to 12 age group (the goal is to cover some 211,000 children in that age group).

The benefits of medical care for children under 12 of entitled workers include: specialist paediatric consultations, drugs, laboratory services, access to preventive utrition and vaccination programmes, and low-complexity emergency treatment in hospitals and medical centres as defined above.

E. HIV/AIDS

Regarding HIV/AIDS, the State has made efforts to care for the infected population, and has implemented campaigns to prevent the disease. The following graph illustrates cases of HIV/AIDS detected by age group over the period 1991-2005.

Figure 53

Cases of HIV/AIDS by age group (1991–2005)

Cases

As the chart shows, the highest number of cases of HIV/AIDS was recorded in the 25‑34 age group; however, the level is significantly higher in the 15-39 age group, which means that the highest incidence of cases in Salvadoran society is still concentrated in economically productive individuals.

The following chart illustrates cases of HIV/AIDS detected by category of transmission over the period 1991-2005.

Figure 54

Cases of HIV/AIDS by category of transmission (1991–2005)

Sexual transmission

Unknown

Vertical transmission

Intravenous drugs

Blood transfusion

Over the period studied, sexual transmission (heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual) was the main type of exposure, accounting for 85% (13,876) of all forms of transmission. Vertical (mother-child) transmission accounts for 7%.

According to the National STD/HIV/AIDS Control and Prevention Programme, the annual rate of incidence gradually increased up to 2003, for both HIV (seropositives) and cases of AIDS. This rate grew especially from the year 2000, at an average of 765 new cases of HIV and 779 of AIDS a year, which may be the result of improvements in the epidemiological monitoring system and greater availability of free HIV testing nationwide, although it might also indicate a sustained – and more recently more acute – increase in the level of risk in the country.

However, it is important to mention that from 2003 and 2004, national efforts have succeeded in reducing the rate of incidence of HIV by 3 percentage points, from 20 in 2004 to 17.3 in 2005; the rate of AIDS was also reduced from 10.2 in 2004 to 6.2 in 2005. Therefore, if the current dynamic continues, the country can probably hold the disease in check.

One of the major achievements in combating HIV/AIDS in the country is the reduction of cases of HIV and AIDS in babies under one year old up to 2005, down from 92 in the year 2000 to 20 in 2005.

1. National action to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV accounts for over 90% of infections in children under 15 worldwide. In El Salvador significant progress has been made using a strategy of national action to prevent HIV infection by mother-to-child transmission.

This national action to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV began in 2001, as a priority in the National STD/HIV/AIDS work programme of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MSPAS), and consists of the four main phases: a) research, b) training, c) supply, d) monitoring and assessment.

The main activities and tasks of the previous phases were as follows:

Training of key players (health personnel and midwives);

Free and voluntary testing nationwide for pregnant women, with counselling before and after HIV testing;

Incentive through provision of baby clothing for pregnant women undergoing testing for detecting HIV antibodies;

Prophylactic anti-retroviral treatment for HIV-positive pregnant women (with AZT, Niverapine or triple therapy schemes);

Elective caesarean for HIV-positive pregnant women;

Counselling on infant nutrition;

Provision of breastmilk substitutes for HIV-positive mothers, consisting of eight tins of milk a year;

Monitoring of children of HIV-positive mothers at the Centre of Excellence for Immunodeficient Children;

Inclusion in the Basic Food Hamper Programme, to foster continuation of the treatment.

From 2003, voluntary and free HIV testing has been offered to all pregnant women nationwide, together with an promotion item of baby clothing as an incentive for taking the HIV test; similarly, the Ministry of Health offers seropositive pregnant women specialist ante-natal care, counselling, administration of antiretroviral drugs, safe birthing care, post-natal care and the necessary food (breastmilk substitutes) free of charge for proper feeding and nutrition of the child up the age of 18 months.

In the year 2000 the clinic for immunodeficient children opened at the Benjamín Bloom National Children’s Hospital, and a significant increase in the number of new infections was recorded, due mainly to the work carried out on active detection of new cases and comprehensive management offered to that population, with a subsequent strengthening of the “Initiative for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-AIDS” at national level through the National Programme with the taking of free tests nationwide in health centres equipped with a laboratory, associated with training of all operational levels of the Ministry of Health: Public and Social Assistance and an intense educational campaign on the media.

The success of the measure was clearly seen from 2004, when there were more than 100 cases of children infected with HIV a year, whereas over the past three years there were fewer than 20 cases a year, thanks to the prevention and comprehensive care measures put in place.

The most outstanding achievements of National Action for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission include:

An 88% reduction in the number of cases of children born with HIV;

A 60% reduction in the level of HIV/AIDS positivity during pregnancy, from 0.33% in 2002 to 0.08% in 2006;

An increase of over 100% in the number of HIV tests carried out from 2001 to 2006;

Decentralization and extension of cover of third-level care centres for the prevention programme, from one hospital in 2001 to 13 centres in 2006.

2. Information, Communication and Education Strategy

In the field of education, a number of strategies have been promoted to prevent HIV transmission, with the aim of reducing new infections among the population. Using these strategies a number of different messages have been designed that encourage people to adopt the various ways of preventing infection, and provide information on the ways in which HIV can and cannot be transmitted.

Note that ignorance of the ways in which HIV is transmitted is a determining factor for stigma and discrimination in various environments such as the family, the community, the workplace and health establishments.

Information, education and communication (IEC) programmes have reached all spheres through the use of various channels of the mass media, interpersonal and group communication media. The media have played a determining role in recent years, by contributing to the whole process of involving this profession in awareness-raising education campaigns about HIV/AIDS. As part of this process, the “Journalism Prize” strategy is being implemented, that rewards publications and reports on AIDS on radio, in the press and on television.

To support all the measures set out above, various printed materials have been designed (leaflets, flyers, brochures, posters and flipcharts that focus on the prevention message). The various educational campaigns are also based on epidemiology, which identifies the target groups for our action, thereby avoiding increased numbers of cases in groups such as adolescents, homosexual males, sex workers, pregnant women and the general population.

3. “Decide to Wait” campaign

The increase in pregnancies and HIV infections among adolescents, where the risks make this group more vulnerable, has prompted a number of measures in this group, which was broken up into two main segments, adolescents aged 10-12 in 4th to 6th grade and those aged 12-19. This situation indicates that delaying the start of sexual relations among adolescents is a 100% safe alternative for preventing HIV/AIDS in this group.

The campaign is an initiative of the National STD/HIV/AIDS Programme of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, in coordination with the “Education for Life” programme which is the fruit of the combined efforts of the Health Ministry, the National Secretariat for the Family and the Ministry of Education. All this was made possible by the support and coordination of the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) and private enterprise.

The main goal of the campaign is to make adolescents think about responsible sexuality; the slogan “Decide to Wait” is a phrase that covers many questions, and which at the same time sends a clear message to adolescents about postponing the start of sexual relations. We believe that that message needs to be strengthened, so as to make a positive change towards responsible behaviour on the part of young Salvadorans. Furthermore, adolescents learn about other prevention options and are educated to reduce the stigma and discrimination against persons living with or affected by HIV/AIDS.

One of the campaigns promoted during 2005 offers a response to the challenges raised by the FESAL study in 2005 which, on the basis of the 2002-2003 national family health survey, indicated the perception of personal risk of catching HIV, and the stigma and discrimination that infected persons can experience. This campaign was carried out in two stages, the first, called “Win the Battle against AIDS”, aims to reduce the situations of risk among the population. While the second, “Unite against Discrimination”, is designed to reduce levels of stigma and discrimination against persons living with HIV. The exposure of both campaigns in the mass media was the largest investment in the country’s history in HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns, costing more than one million dollars.

4. “Win the Battle Against AIDS” education campaign

This campaign comes in response to the increase in cases among the country’s young population, and disseminates images in various environments where young people spend their daily lives; the central messages are directed at a proper perception of the risk of HIV and recommending effective means of prevention against the epidemic, such as delaying the first sexual relations, mutual fidelity among couples, and thoughtful self-control in a healthy and responsible sex life.

Messages were spread by placing them on street billboards, in public transport buses, and in places most frequented by these groups, such as cinemas, restaurants and bars, with a launch in September 2005 by the Ministry of Health through the National HIV/AIDS Programme with the support of the National Aids Commision (Conasida) and private enterprise.

5. Education campaigns for high-risk groups and the general public

During the various publicity campaigns under the National STD/HIV/AIDS Programme, campaigns were run aimed at high-risk groups such as homosexual men, sex workers and the general public, for which a variety of educational materials about the disease were prepared, laying emphasis on specific aspects such as the means of transmission and prevention, and ways of preventing transmission.

These groups were also received in health establishments for interviews, educational talks and counselling. At the same time, monthly meetings were held with groups of sex workers who were given guidance on looking after their own health, sexual health topics and HIV/AIDS.

Like other campaigns of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, this one was backed up using mobile testing units for detecting HIV antibodies, which travel to various places in order to offer this service wherever required.

6. Solidarity garden

As a tribute to those who have died of AIDS and as a wake-up call to the general public on the importance of HIV prevention, a “Solidarity Garden” was built. This commemorative garden is designed with paths, green spaces and sunlight, covering a total area of 2,500 metres, to send the message “we human beings move along the path of life recognizing that we must show solidarity with persons living with HIV”; they are also human beings who hope to live a normal and harmonious life.

The National AIDS Commission (Conasida) was the driving force behind this project, which was the main action in the country to commemorate World AIDS Day, held on 1 December each year all over the world, with the aim of recognizing progress in the fight against the epidemic, and drawing attention to the remaining challenges.

In 2007 the central theme was “Stop AIDS. Keep the promise”, a pledge to be shared with anyone concerned to help from a personal standpoint, through leadership. This personal pledge consists of stepping up measures for prevention, treatment and care for HIV with support and dignity.

Note that the epidemiological report, up to December 2007, shows that important progress has been made against AIDS in El Salvador, thanks to a significant improvement in political commitment, coordination between institutions through Conasida with public policies and a unified plan, to ensure effective prevention, HIV/AIDS treatment, detection tests, and technical advice, along with other effective action.

VII. Education, leisure and cultural activities

A. Education, training and careers guidance

El Salvador is facing the challenges of overcoming poverty, improving its productivity and competitiveness, and laying the foundations of sustainable development, democracy and social peace. To do so, the country has to raise the educational level of its people, in terms of both training in basic life skills and specialist training of human capital in various areas of science, technology and the arts, while implementing social programmes such as Solidarity Network to combat poverty.

The Ministry of Education, under the Nacional Education Plan 2021, which is an initiative of the Salvadoran Government coordinated by the Ministry of Education with a view to combining efforts to improve the national education system, and with the objective of formulating, with a long-term view, the priority educational policies and goal for the coming years, is promoting the development of the professional teacher’s career, recognizing the academic training teachers have received in service and studies pursued after qualifying as teachers, which may be of use to them in completing a Degree in Education Science in the specialist course they have followed. To that end, specialist courses are being run in the basic areas of the curriculum and in school administration with the aim of improving teaching methods and improving the skills of teachers by developing their knowledge and skills and providing tools to help them solve childen’s learning problems. Each of the courses will comprise eight training modules, each with an academic value of 4 credits or points, equivalent to 80 hours of face-to-face training and teaching practice, each course being worth 32 points. Each of the modules in a course is structured around language and mathematics with a skills-based approach and using practical methodologies. In this context, from 2004 training measures have been carried out on specific topics with teachers of various levels and educational procedures at national level. As of that year specialization processes were introduced in basic areas of the curriculum with teachers in service belonging to the Ministry of Education’s priority programmes: Comprendo, Effective School Networks, Effective and Solidarity Schools and MEGATEC, as detailed below:

Training of 268 nursery-school teachers in managing and applying the integrated guide to methodological processes and implementing modules on the theoretical bases of the curriculum, technical supervision in the classroom and elements of nutrition for childen up to age six;

Training of 480 elementary- and high-school teachers on STD/HIV/AIDS issues;

Content and specific methodology update for 7,716 high-school teachers: preparation of teaching material, lesson planning, methods for teaching the basic subjects in the curriculum, catering for diversity, catering for learning difficulties, cross-cutting issues, conflict resolution, etc.;

Training for 1,100 teachers under the Comprendo and Effective schooling Networks programmes in the use and application of materials to support the teaching and learning process: text book, work book and teacher’s manual;

The following table sets out the details of Ministry of Education’s budget by level of education.

Figure 55

Budget allocated to the Ministry of Education (2001–2007)

Year	Budget (us dollars)
2001	472,323,513
2002	468,730,104
2003	466,303,405
2004	463,580,197
2005	501,329,877

The detailed budget by level of education for 2001-2005 is annexed.

Note:* Current expenditure includes wages and salaries, goods and services and current transfers

See also annex XIV.

Article 18 of the General Education Act states that nursery education normally comprises three years of study. The elements of the curriculum are to foster comprehensive development through education from age four to six, involving the family, the school and the community. Accreditation of the completion of nursery education, while not being a requirement for continuing studies, allows unrestricted access to elementary education.

The following graph illustrates how spending on nursery education as a proportion of the MINED budget showed a rising trend over the years 2001-2005, from 6.0% to 7.8% of the total budget. Within the total current expenditure allocated to wages and salaries, 9.3% corresponded to that level in 2001, rising to 9.8% in 2005 and staying at that proportion in the budget approved for 2006. Current expenditure in goods and services accounted for 1.9% in nursery schools in 2001, and 3.9% in 2005. Furthermore, capital expenditure for 2002 and 2003 represented 6.4% and 8.5% respectively, whereas there was no spending under the heading of loans for this level of education over the reporting period. Over the period analysed, wages and salaries accounted for between 95% and 97% of the total allocation to nursery schools.

Figure 56

Breakdown of spending on nursery schools as a percentage of total budget (2001-2005)

0%2%4%6%8%10%12%200120022003200420052006Wages and salariesGoods and servicesCurrent transfersCapital expenditureSpending from loans

Source: MINED, (2001-2006).

Elementary education normally comprises nine years of study from first to ninth grades, organized into three cycles of three years each, normally starting at age seven. According to article 4 of the LGE, elementary education is compulsory, and free of charge when provided by the State.

Over the period 2001-2005, spending on elementary education fell slightly from 64.3% to 62.6% as a proportion of the total budget executed by MINED, rising in the 2006 budget allocation to 63.4%. The current expenditure allocated to wages and salaries fluctuated between 74.8% and 75%, as the majority of the student population in the education system is in first to ninth grade, and in view of its importance in achieving the goals of Plan 2021, and the targets of the millennium development goals (MDG2) to achieve universal primary education by 2015. Current expenditure includes remuneration of teaching and administrative staff and the purchase of goods and services and current transfers. In the case of goods and services, there was a proportional increase for the contracting of educational services under the Educo programme.

Capital expenditure was higher in 2002 and 2003, because it covered reconstruction after the earthquakes and Hurricane Stan.Spending from loans is a prominent heading at this level of education, although it shows a downward trend, from 73.6% in 2001 to 45.6% in 2005 of the total.

Figure 57

Breakdown of spending on elementary schools as a percentage of the budget MINED

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%20012002200320042005Wages and salariesSpending from loansCurrent transfersCapital expenditureGoods and services

Source: MINED, (2001-2005).

High school offers two kinds of education: general and vocational. In accordance with the General Education Act, both are designed for going on to higher education or joining the labour market. High-school studies end at baccalaureate level, accredited by an appropriate diploma. The general baccalaureate lasts two years while the vocational cycle lasts three years. The night-school baccalaureates last three and four years respectively. All this is laid down in the General Education Act.

Spending data for the high-school budget account for 10.5% to 10.9% of the total budget executed by MINED, falling to 9.2% of the budget allocation for 2006. Spending from external loans grew from 26.4% in 2001 to 54.4% in 2005, highlighting the strategy of expanding educational services by arranging loans, with the aim of subsequently finding ways of absorbing them with public funds.

Processing the MINED enrolment data to group investment by means of budgetary execution from 2001 to 2005, the following trend is observed:

In nursery schools there was a rising trend from 2001 to 2004 from 6.0% to 7.7% in the total budget executed by MINED, followed by a small drop in 2005 to 7.3% of the Ministry’s budget execution;

For the period 2001-2005, 48.3% of spending went to primary education;

Spending on secondary level increased over 2001 and 2002; 21% of the budget went to secondary over the period 2001-2005.

In June 2007 a trust was approved by decree with the aim of raising a total of $350 million to support education, social peace and public security; $200 million of that amount were allocated to education.

The trust funds are being used in various Plan 2021 programmes, including:

The EDIFICA programme (infrastructure) was allocated $59.3 million for renovating or rebuilding 280 new schools, including a specific number of national institutes. These include the National Institute of Commerce (INCO) where $1,100,000 is being invested in reconstruction and equipment. This will cover the total replacement of 12 classrooms, three toilet blocks, the installation of a first-level computer laboratory and the renovation of various areas of the establishment, thereby benefiting almost 700 pupils.

The Conéctate programme has been allocated $21.7 million to upgrade computer classrooms and provide the institutions with hardware and software.

The Megatec network will benefit by expanding the offices in La Unión and setting up another office in Cabañas. This would mean at least 5000 grants in these areas.

The Edúcame programme aims to provide a more flexible supply of educational services in the third cycle and baccalaureate, by implementing new procedures to reduce the level of over-age students and bring young people having interrupted their academic training back into the education system. It will receive an allocation of $14.4 million, sufficient to provide 20,000 new places for poor young people and distance learning, which has already made it possible for 4,628 new students to join the programme. The trust has so far raised an actual investment of $1,200,000.00. Edúcame has 70 offices in 56 municipalities spread over 14 departments nationwide, 62 of which in 50 municalities are working with funds from the trust;

The Compite programme will receive $7.8 million, earmarked for English lessons for 10,000 baccalaureate students.

Assessments will also benefit from the allocation of $5.4 million to the Elementary Education Learning Test (PAESITA) and international tests.

The Effective schooling Network programme (REE), which is the educational section of Solidarity Network, has received an allocation of $7.3 million. To date, more than 130,000 pupils at 767 educational establishments have benefited from a contribution of $1,340,000 to carry out projects in fields such as the physical environment, educational materials, desks, school transport, remedial classes and psychological care.

Figure 58

MINED spending according to UNESCO classification (2001-2005)

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Percentage of budget executed by level of educationNursery6.0%6.5%7.0%7.7%7.3%Primary (grades 1 to 6)49.7%49.4%47.1%48.0%47.3%Secondary (grade 7 to Baccalaureate III)25.2%28.6%14.2%10.8%26.2%Total spending from nursery to secondary81.0%84.6%68.3%66.5%80.8%20012002200320042005NurseryPrimary (grades 1 to 6)Secondary (grade 7 to Baccalaureate III)

Source: MINED, (2001-2005).

In order to obtain an approximate figure for MINED spending, we took as a basis the enrolment figures broken down by area for the period 2001-2005, and estimated the amount of spending from the MINED budget for urban and rural areas at nursery, elementary and high-school levels. The data for spending on education for nursery and elementary pupils, broken down by geographical area of the schools in which they are enrolled, shows the following:

MINED spending in rural areas is tending to rise, from 44.7% in 2001 to 46.7% in 2005, as a proportion of total spending for students from nursery to high school in the public sector. The average for the period was 45.6%;

Priority was given to schools in rural areas, which cater for poorer populations and have lower academic indicators than urban schools.

Figure 59

MINED spending by geographical area

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%200120022003200420050.80.80.80.80.80.90.90.9Urban areaRural areaRural/urban index

Source: MINED. (2001-2005)

Based on the enrolment data recorded by MINED for nursery to high-school levels, spending was estimated broken down by gender for those levels over the period 2001-2005. This exercise shows that spending by gender has remained equitable, since in 2001 48.7% was allocated to the female student population as against 51.3% to males, while the distribution was 49% on female enrolments and 51% on male enrolments in 2005. The ratio varied from 0.94 to 0.96 over the period, which is an acceptable index of gender parity in terms of spending.

Figure 60

MINED spending by gender

47%48%48%49%49%50%50%51%51%52%52%200120022003200420050.90.91.01.01.01.0Female enrolmentsMale enrolmentsGPI (female/male)

Source: MINED. (2001-2005)

The average cost to MINED of a student in the various levels of education was estimated using the spending data recorded by the Administration Department of MINED, divided by total enrolments for each level of education taken from the enrolment survey. The following average annual costs were obtained for the period 2001-2005:

The average annual cost per nursery pupils was $140 for the reporting period, with a rising trend in average costs of budget execution, leading to a higher cost for 2005 of $151;

In elementary education, the average annual cost was $227 over the reporting period;

For high school, the average annual cost is estimated at $341 over the reporting period.

Figure 61

Average cost by level of education. Amounts in US dollars

Level	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Nursery	133	135	138	145	151
Elementary	243	234	216	213	227
High school	333	398	396	283	293

Source: MINED. (2001-2005)

B. Activities to improve the coverage and quality of education

The challenge facing the Ministry of Education in terms of coverage is to reduce the percentage of the population that does not attend school by expanding the coverage of nursery, elementary and high-school education, raising literacy levels and catering for the whole poor and above-age population.

Among the activities designed to close the gap in coverage and quality under the Educo programme, enrolments of students from nursery to baccalaureate level have been maintained at more than 320,000 since 2004.The programme has 17 educational establishments that have expanded educational services to the baccalaureate in rural areas, administered by the community, including a National High-School Institute.From 2005 a strategy was implemented of remedial classes, especially in first grade, to enable pupils to successfully complete first grade and be moved up to second grade.This strategy is being extended to the higher grades.

Under the Opportunities Programme and the National Education Plan 2021, since 2005 the Ministry of Education has been implementing the Effective schooling Network programme, one of the main Government management initiatives for the 2004-2009 period.The Effective schooling Network aims to improve efficiency in the provision of educational services and to enable children and young people to gain access to high quality education.In the 100 municipalities in extreme poverty and with the highest repetition and dropout rate in the country, 105 Effective Schooling Networks were set up, involving 780 educational establishments with enrolments of about 124,243 students, and 3,436 teachers.As at 2006, the 66 networks organized brought 4,460 new students into the national education system, mainly as a result of the conditional money transfers to families benefiting under the Solidarity Network programme.The networks receive technical assistance with teaching and administration to improve access and help students to stay in school.

The network steering committees coordinate the various activities for the benefit of the network, and receive the relevant guidelines for implementing common initiatives to help improve integration of the member schools.Some 500 first- and second-cycle teachers have begun a process of specialization in the areas of language and mathematics so as to serve students better and improve their learning experience.

Pupils from nursery to sixth grade receive a daily snack at school.Language and mathematics books have also been supplied to all first- and second-grade pupils, to support and help them learn to read and write and perform arithmetic.Pupils, mainly in first grade, receive remedial teaching to help them learn to read and write.In elementary education, the following measures safeguard the children’s right to education:new regulations to encourage access to elementary education; ensuring that the necessary conditions are met to guarantee a suitable environment for a good education that encourages students to continue their studies;facilitating the processes of providing teaching resources in schools; facilitating processes of long-term (PEI) and short-term (PEA) planning to create a culture of educational planning based on children’s learning;supporting all institutional and international efforts that are of educational benefit to pupils in the level;set up school registers to ensure that promoted students retain their legal entitlement; orientating departmental quality monitoring teams towards the improvement of school management in a way that favours elementary education;checking that the 200 school days per year are taught and that the study hours are in accordance with the regulations and academic workload of the level;supporting the process of creating new sections in elementary education;investigate and solve cases where children are denied the right to education; and incorporate into circulars information on the development of family involvement in learning.

The Ministry of Education has taken some important steps that have enabled coverage to be expanded in the third cycle and high school. For 2006, 826 grants were awarded to baccalaureate students, 502 to women and 326 to men. These grants were awarded on the basis of the following criteria: the level of poverty of the applicant; child of a single mother; applicant from a municipality in the Solidarity Network; applicant students attend one of the establishments in the Megatec network or National Technology Institutes.

Other similar measures and activities included:

The topic of non-discrimination against pregnant teenagers was included in the Operating Regulations document for elementary educational establishments, which is supplied to head teachers. In most schools, pregnant teenagers are now able to attend in normal school hours and are not expelled or subject to arbitrary measures that violate their rights;

The Committee on the Family, Women and Children of the Legislative Assembly is considering a reform of the General Education Act, aimed at eradicating discriminatory measures against pregnant girls;

For 2006, 345 grants were awarded for the third cycle and 352 for high school;

The provision of educational services in the department of La Unión was expanded in five urban educational establishments, equipping them with classrooms, furniture and teachers, which allowed coverage to be increased by 40 per cent in elementary education and also in high school;

A network of 36 elementary and high schools has been formed and for 2007 it is planned to upgrade students’ vocational skills by means of careers guidance and vocational training projects;

The range of educational services provided has been expanded in 52 high schools nationwide.

We should also mention the Accelerated Elementary Education Programme which is a teaching strategy supporting the development of the seventh-, eighth- and ninth-grade curriculum in the third cycle of elementary education, catering for young people in areas of extreme poverty.The accelerated education strategy is a measure designed to increase educational coverage, mainly in marginal rural and urban areas, and aims to improve quality in education of the over-age elementary education population, offering a process enabling them to advance to a high level of schooling and develop skills and attitudes for improved personal and social development.Young people are expected to join the formal education system within one or two years and this is an opportunity to obtain certificates for grades two to six of elementary education.The programme offers the target population an educational service based on electronic and online media and caters for demand for elementary education in rural areas where, for geographical and financial reasons, it is not possible for young people to move to urban areas to continue their studies.In 2006 it served a population of 26,400 pupils in 352 schools nationwide.The programme is being implemented at national level, and in 2006 it catered for 589 students within the Effective schooling Network (REE), and 2,586 outside it, benefiting a total population of 3,175 students from grades two to six of elementary education.

The Alternative Classrooms programme is a strategy designed for students enrolled at schools with a low student population, allowing differentiated education to be provided that takes account of students’ potential and limits; it is run at the same time but separately by a single teacher for students in different grades, specifically in grades two to six of elementary education where the curriculum is suited to the grade and level of each student. The objective of the programme is to devise a participatory and dynamic methodology focusing on the student as the main player in the learning process. It is being implemented nationwide, and in 2006 it served a population of 123,456 students in grades two to six of elementary education. The programme catered for 1,875 students within the REE, and 125,340 in the population at large. See annex XV in this respect.

We should also mention the Distance-Learning Programme which is a teaching strategy supporting the development of the seventh-, eighth- and ninth-grade curriculum in the third cycle of elementary education, catering for young people in areas of extreme poverty.The programme offers the target population an educational service based on electronic and online media and caters for demand for elementary education in rural areas where, for geographical and financial reasons, it is not possible for young people to move to urban areas to continue their studies.In 2006 it served a population of 26,400 pupils in 352 schools nationwide.

The issue of teenage pregnancies has always been a highly controversial one in the country’s educational establishments, especially on the cultural level and the myths surrounding the issue. Much of the work involves raising awareness among teaching staff, parents and students, and has achieved much in recent years. Beginning in 1999, head teachers of public- and private-sector elementary schools were invited to devise awareness campaigns on the issue of teenage pregnancy. Over that period, this measure improved the position of pregnant girls in schools. In 2001, a national research project was carried out involving 138 elementary schools. It brought to light very important data on the reasons why pupils drop out of school, one reason being teenage pregnancy. A sample of 101 regulations from elementary schools was reviewed, 87% of which did not require expulsion on grounds of pregnancy.

This research on pregnancy concluded that although awareness-raising days had been held on the rights of adolescents, the aim was to ensure that all institutions should allow any pregnant pupils to continue studying. The research enabled action such as the following to be taken:

Awareness-raising workshops with school authorities, describing the legal measures to ensure that the rights of pregnant girls were respected and that efforts were made to prevent teenage pregnancies. These workshops laid emphasis on the legal basis of protection for women;

Provision of guidelines to schools to keep records of causes of pupils dropping out, and to strive to retain these students.

In 2005, a sample of 50 public schools was provided with tools for collecting information on teenage pregnancy, to provide a reliable database on the issue. The main outcome of this survey was as follows: in 49 shools in the sample there were 198 cases of teenage pregnancy; in the 49 schools in the sample, there was an average of 4.0 pregnant teenagers; 55% of the pregnant pupils were aged between 17 and 18; 81% of pregnant pupils were in the second or third year of the baccalaureate; 63% of the pregnant pupils stayed at the school, which is a success for the awareness-raising campaign among authorities and teachers; and 37% of pregnant pupils left the school at their own choice.

As a result of these strategies, in most educational establishments, the girls are now able to attend in normal school hours and are not expelled or subject to arbitrary measures that violate their rights;

In 2006 research was carried out with the aim of collecting information to build a reliable database on educational efficiency indicators, such asschool drop outs and truancy.Head teachers were provided with a tool for collecting data on the number of pregnant teenagers, their age, school grade and whether they were currently studying in the establishment, with a view to making an analysis and update the database on this issue which is linked to the causes of school drop-outs in the country.This database will help elementary school coordination, whether supported by or supporting other MINED bodies, to define some strategies with a view to ensuring that schools take measures to enable young girls to continue their studies and complete their baccalaureate.See Annex XVI for more information on articles 14 and 15 of the Family Code which determine who may or may not contract marriage and the requirements applying to minors.

The Ministry of Education, under a cooperation agreement with the Salvadoran Education and Labour Foundation (Editar), is implementing a project entitled “The Don Bosco Industrial Estate – an alternative education”, with the aim of facilitating access to education by the young population at social risk, by creating opportunities for a quality academic, vocational or business training and the training of business leaders. Since 2003, MINED – in cooperation with Editar – has been awarding grants for academic training at elementary and high-school level; training and work experience in sales, finance, production and management in aluminium, footwear, printing, bakery, die-stamping, and engineering businesses; and vocational training in carpentry, engineering, cutting, textile and electrical workshops. Young people receive the academic, vocation and practical business training, and also receive medical and psychological care, family and legal counselling, food, uniforms, shoes, teaching materials, personal items, and the boarders receive full board and lodging throughout the year.

In 2006 MINED also promoted the implementation of two relevant activities at national level: “Leisure mornings” and “Art festivals”, involving parents and significant adults, which focus on child rights. A total of 242,414 children took part.

Furthermore, the ten priority programmes of the National Education Plan 2021 include nursery education under the “Juega Leyendo” (Reading though Play) programme. The Juega Leyendo programme consists of two strategies: a) one-year community nursery education sections, and b) sections to prepare for entering first grade of elementary school, lasting three months, both in their own right and as part of the National Education Plan, focusing on six-year-olds, especially those in rural areas classed as extremely poor, difficult to access and with the highest repetition and dropout rates. As things stand at this point in 2007, the Juega Leyendo programme operates in 76 of the poorest 100 municipalities in El Salvador, across 14 departments. The programme has benefited children who have no access to nursery education, as the following table shows:

Figure 62

Children benefiting under the Juega Leyendo programme (2005–2007)

Year	Strategy	Children
2005	25 three-month preparatory sections for entering first grade (October 2005 to January 2006)	401
2006	50 ten-month community nursery education sections	856
30 three-month preparatory sections for entering first grade (October 2006 to January 2007)	476
2007	96 ten-month community nursery education sections	1440
Total		3173

This programme equips teachers with the tools to give children basic preparation in reading and arithmetic and also enables them to explain parents’ and guardians’ obligations towards their children.

The Ministry of Education’s Department of Initial and Nursery Education has joined an interinstitutional effort with UNICEF, the Ministry of Health, the Salvadoran Institute for the Full Development of Children and Adolescents and other bodies concerned to draw more attention to children through the programme También soy Persona (I’m a Person Too), aimed at families. Phase I has already been launched in six educational communities in the country through “Parents’ Schools” implemented nationwide with financial support from UNICEF.

Even though we have a gross coverage of 50.4% and a net 42.7% rate in nursery education, attendance at this level has been improving year after year in the communities and parents are therefore inceasingly keen to send their children to nursery school. In 2006, 239,638 children were enrolled on this basis.

With the Juega Leyendo programme of the National Education Plan 2021, there was an increase in coverage of nursery level, especially in communities with the highest repetition and dropout rates and in those which have educational services but no nursery level. In 2006, 856 children were enrolled under the “Community Nursery Education Sections” strategy, and 476 under the “First-Grade Preparatory Sections” strategy, covering a total of 1,332 children of nursery age. For 2007, 1,290 children will come under the “Community Nursery Education Sections” strategy, and 810 under the “First-Grade Preparatory Sections” strategy, covering a total 2,100 children in the system. The Juega Leyendo programme equips teachers with the tools to give children basic preparation in reading and arithmetic and also to explain parents’ and guardians’ obligations towards their children. The Initial Education programme, aimed at parents and operating in 568 schools, continues to offer guidelines and improve the growth of their children, especially those aged four and under, and who have no systematic institutionalized care. The aim is to start introducing them to education before they enter nursery school, and 39,375 children under four have benefited since 2005.

After three years of focused implementation, a proposal for improving learning has been put together.The spirit of the educational reform begun in the 1990s has not been abandoned, but it has been clarified and implemented in such a way that the objectives, content, methods and assessment of the learning process are put into practice in a more connected and clearer manner.The focus of the Salvadoran curriculum is therefore still constructivist, humanist and socially committed.When working on skills development, pupils are encouraged to learn significant lessons by solving problems in context and developing critical thinking.At the same time, it encourages them to emerge from the education system and be successful in higher education or working life, since both require highly skilled human resources.Based on this approach, the national curriculum is constantly being updated.These updates to the curriculum have the support of researchers who, after long experience, have succeeded in setting theoretical and practical standards that allow innovations to be introduced into to the curriculum.The basic outlines of our curriculum, adopted by our academic and technical staff, allow a skills-based approach to have more chance of success in Salvadoran education.The Ministry of Education’s update of the curriculum does not abandon the objectives-based approach, as it considers them to be compatible with skills.

Any update of the curriculum always affects the structure and sequencing of the objectives and content. This means that the content and structure of syllabuses will change. To orientate the curriculum towards attaining skills, the objectives were reviewed, improved and drafted in a skills format, which implies linking conceptual, attitudinal and procedural content in such a way that it corresponds to an outcome. In terms of teaching and learning, the relevance of the content depends on its function in achieving the objectives, i.e. developing skills. Hence its importance is not determined by the subjects. The starting point has to be the skills that the students need to perform well in the academic, work and social domains, which are set out in the objectives. This update of the curriculum has sometimes led to a new approach to the basic subjects. For instance, in language teaching, the functional communication approach has been encouraged, which starts by acknowledging the social nature of language and the importance of interaction in the construction of meaning, and the development of thought, knowledge and creativity.

More up-to-date methodological proposals have also been put together in the other areas of the curriculum. This initiative will reach schools by means of documents, teacher training and departmental monitoring teams. The plans will be implemented in schools on the basis of the following documents:

Curriculum in the service of learning implements the whole skills-based proposal for the education system;

Skills-based assessment: guides skills assessment;

Study syllabuses;

Methodological guides to basic subjects for teachers in grades 1 to 6;

Text books for the four basic subjects for students in grades 1 to 6;

Exercise books for the four basic subjects for students in the first cycle; and

Nursery notebooks for pupils aged 4, 5 and 6.

Since 2005, teachers in 111 targeted schools have been given three teaching materials for implementing the proposal in language and mathematics subjects for first grade: text book, exercise book and methodological guide. The materials for second grade were validated in 2006 and those for third grade in 2007. The same year, all first-grade pupils were given a book for learning to read and six exercise books. The first exercise book in this series was also designed for six-year-olds in nursery school. Monitoring teams were trained in the proposed teaching materials and their use in the classroom, and they in turn held information and modelling meetings on the use of the materials for first-grade teachers in early 2007. In 2007 there will be a national effort to equip all first-cycle pupils (grades 1 to 3) and teachers with these materials. The four basic subjects of language, mathematics, social studies and science will be covered.

As an important activity in the field of monitoring and assessing learning, a nationwide experiment was carried out for assessing the priority indicators for language and mathematics for each term, with the aim of offering remedial classes to first-grade pupils not delivering the expected results. This initiative helped to consolidate the continuous and motivating nature of assessment in the education system, by means of “quarterly progress tests and remedial class plans”. The measured indicators correspond to the indicators of the Unified Quality Monitoring Strategy. In the second quarter progress was made by considering possible reasons why students were not achieving the expected performance in the assessment indicators. The experiment was validated on a sample of 111 schools with a view to extending it to the whole country. The assessment is monitored by the departmental monitoring teams, and focuses more on the remedial activities than on the results, by relating results to students and sections over the three terms assessed. This continuous assessment is built into the text books, exercise books and methodological guides, in order to integrate it successfully into the education system.

As indicated in the National Education Plan 2021, the Salvadoran Government, under the coordination of the Ministry of Education, is fostering combined efforts to improve the national education system. The aim of the plan is to devise priority long-term education policy and targets for the coming years.

The following accreditable specialist courses have also been devised.

Development of three modules with 317 teachers from the Comprendo Programme, corresponding to the specialist course in language and mathematics for the first cycle of elementary education. The following modules have been developed: introduction to communication skills in language and mathematics, continuous assessment of reading and writing and the basic operations, and emerging reading and writing and problem-solving;

Development of module I : introduction to communication skills in language and mathematics with 634 teachers from Effective School Networks and Effective Solidarity Schools;

Development of two language modules with 668 first-cycle elementary teachers and teachers from the Elementary Education Upgrade Programme with emphasis on language;

Development of a diploma course on basic areas of the curriculum with 119 teachers from nursery and first and second cycles of elementary education, from the departments of La Unión and Morazán. The diploma course lasted 10 months, during which seven modules were developed on the following topics: initial and nursery education, teaching mathematics, teaching language, learning assessment, school organization and administration, catering for diversity and strategic planning;

Training of 360 language, literature and mathematics teachers from the third cycle of elementary education;

Training of 3724 head teachers of public educational establishments, with the development of four modules in the following fields: institutional management, organizational management, curriculum management and teaching management.

Progress has been made with raising the literacy of the Salvadoran population, but a certain level of illiteracy still remains. Accordingly, the State of El Salvador continues to make efforts and allocate resources to bring literacy to as many inhabitants as possible. The following table gives data on the trend of literacy in the country, illustrating the constant reduction in the illiteracy rate, from 25.2% in 1991 to 14.9% in 2006. It also shows the increase in school attendance over the same period, which rose by more than 400,000.

Figure 63

Trend of illiteracy in el salvador, 1991–2006

Population aged 10 and over by literacy and calendar year

1991 - 2006

Year	School attendance (number of persons)	Illiterate (number of persons)	Illiterate (percentage)
1991	949,611	954,840	25.2
1992	NA	937,604	24.6
1993	NA	926,255	24.1
1994	NA	892,538	22.6
1995	1,013,707	856,285	21.0
1996	1,197,881	861,120	19.8
1997	1,127,509	886,873	20.1
1998	1,104,814	876,799	19.5
1999	1,120,997	840,081	18.1
2000	1,156,033	836,695	17.5
2001	1,194,272	818,773	16.6
2002	1,227,160	836,256	16.6
2003	1,211,084	805,495	15.9
2004	1,274,470	811,735	15.5
2005	1,307,773	791,658	14.9
2006	1,360,691	797,349	14.6

Source: Derived from data from the General Directorate for Statistics and Censuses (DIGESTYC). Educational variables and EHPM.

Annex XVII contains statistics on illiteracy broken down by gender, age and urban or rural origin, for the period 2004-2005.

As stated above, substantial progress has been made in relation to school attendance for promoting the integration of children into the education system, particularly in the early cycles of schooling. However, a significant number of children still leave the system at age 16.

Annex XVIII contains statistics on school attendance broken down by gender, age and urban or rural origin, for the period 2004-2005.

Besides the education offered by the public school system, the State of El Salvador offers a number of training programmes, notably through the Salvadoran Vocational Training Institute (INSAFORP). The National Youth Secretariat also runs the Careers and Working Skills programme which prepares young people to work in skilled trades, with technical skills and knowledge. It is run with the support of German cooperation (GTZ), private enterprise and trade unions.

The analysis carried out in 2006 by the Ministry of Education’s Quality Monitoring Teams as agents providing technical assistance to schools in a particular geographical area (education district), helped to identify the factors at national level influencing pupils dropping out of school. The most common is the families’ financial situation (municipalities in extreme poverty), and child labour. Other factors are a lack of interest or attention by parents in their children’s education, common diseases, families emigrating abroad, moving house (families fearing crime, seeking work, etc.).

The analysis by the monitoring teams in the education districts is accompanied by efforts to establish commitments within the education community to reduce school drop-out levels. The most common commitments made in educational establishments are: carrying out home visits; discussing absenteeism in meetings with parents; and sending parents written notes for pupils missing from school, stressing parents’ obligation to educate their children. One strategy for stopping first-grade pupils dropping out is to provide remedial classes in language and mathematics. This process is carried out as follows: examinations are set in both subjects each term, and the questions correspond to various skills that the students have to acquire in that time. The teachers set and mark the exams and a remedial strategy is planned based on the results obtained. This strategy is monitored not only by the teacher but also by the parents.

Previous efforts to reduce dropping out from school have given positive results, as El Salvador has a target for 2010 of reducing by half, i.e. to 14.49%, the proportion of school-age children – aged 7 to 17 – who do not attend primary or secondary school.

The proportion of non-attendance of 28.97% in 1990 fell to 13.88% in 2005, an overall decrease of 15.10 percentage points, with an annual average of ­1.01 per cent. The rate of decrease over the third five-year period 2000-2005 was higher than in the two previous five-year periods, with an annual average of ­1.26 per cent. The 2010 target has therefore already been achieved and exceeded.

1. Family Alliance Plan

In response to the rise in international oil prices, President Saca presented the Family Alliance to the nation, comprising 19 measures. The plan involved an investment of $54 million. It was divided into $18.5 million for education, $17 million for agriculture, $15 million for supplementing income tax and $3 million to fund the ISS paying 100% of salary during maternity leave.

The Plan involves a decisive participation by the private sector, as it implies more regulation of public services such as telephones and electricity, to avoid unjustified payments in those sectors and the financial system.

There are also plans for reforms of certain laws such as the General Telecommunications Act and the Consumer Protection Act.

The measures include:

An increase to 100% of salary cover granted by the ISS to working mothers during the 12 weeks of maternity leave;

Increase in deductions that citizens can claim against income tax under education and health, up to $1,600, or $800 for each heading;

Abolition from January 2008 of enrolment, tuition and graduation fees for more than 150,000 baccalaureate pupils in the public system;

Consistent with the above, repayment of enrolment and tuition fees already paid by families;

Extension of the free Edúcame programme to increase its capacity from 30,000 to 50,000, bringing young people who have dropped out of baccalaureate studies back into the education system;

Hiring with own funds of a total of 2,950 new teachers, to join the education system.

2. Measures for education

Under the measures for education, baccalaureate students will be able to enrol in high schools free of charge from January 2008. The Ministry of Education has earmarked $17 million (from the trust fund) to cover enrolments, tuition and graduation fees for some 150,000 students who are currently about to enter high school. The remaining $1.5 millon dollars will go to technology upgrades.

The baccalaureate is the only academic level that is not free of charge in the public system. Until 2007, students paid an average of $10 a month (10 instalments a year), $20 for enrolment and $15 in graduation fees.

For the time being, 300 high-school classrooms will be refurbished and internet will be funded for all baccalaureate establishments.

C. Relaxation, leisure and cultural and artistic activities

The National Youth Secretariat’s objectives also include healthy leisure activities for young people and optimum use of free time. The activities it carries out to promote participation in cultural activities, and healthy leisure and recreation for young people include:

Youth camps. With the support of the National Council for Public Security, MINED, the Ministry of National Defence and the National Academy for Public Security, youth camps are run as common living areas, where young people learn and practice skills and abilities;

Youth Month. In Youth Month, activities are carried out to promote participation by outstanding young people as citizens in the various areas of national life, through youth meetings, forums, conferences, cultural activities and sports activities;

Youth Power Festival.This is an area for expression, participation and recognition of young people’s artistic and cultural talent.The Festival encompasses art exhibitions, street art, contests, stage art, knowledge quizzes, extreme sports and youth concerts;

Youth Ingenuity Contest.This activity is designed to stimulate young people to develop their creativity in the areas of technology, through recognition, exhibition of projects, fostering young people’s ingenuity and knowledge transfer;

Young Talent Festival.This activity aims to promote the talent of young people with outstanding academic, artistic, cultural or sporting qualities; create the necessary spaces and skills to successfully encourage the abilities of young people, by promoting music, plastic arts, literature and theatre and promote youth issues; and

Outstanding Merit Prize.This is a programme to recognize young Salvadorans who stand out in daily life, and organizations and institutions that offer the best programmes to promote young talent.

VIII. Special protection measures

A. Returning children

Reception mechanisms are established for Salvadoran children found travelling alone in other countries. These are mediated by the various institutions involved, namely the Department of Humanitarian Management and Migrant Care (DGHAM), the Ministry of External Relations, the National Civil Police General Directorate for Migration and Aliens (DGME) and the Salvadoran Institute for Full Development of Children and Adolescents (ISNA), amongst others.

The process begins as follows:

Relatives of the child in El Salvador submit an application to DGHAM and set out the case, showing the child’s birth certificate;

An official appointed by DGHAM: personally interviews the person requesting repatriation;

When a case is submitted by a Salvadoran Consulate abroad, the DGHAM official locates relatives in El Salvador to explain the repatriation process to them and draws up an authorization to be signed by a relative. This enables the Consul to complete the necessary formalities with the local authorities and thus repatriate a person under the age of 18;

If a foreign institution caring for a child asks for a social services report on the family who is to receive him or her in El Salvador, the Consulate requests this from DGHAM;

DGHAM draws up and sends a memo to ISNA requesting the preparation of a social services report on the family who will receive the child in El Salvador;

DGHAM receives the Social Services report on the relevant family prepared by ISNA and sends it to the Consulate;

The Consulate completes the relevant formalities with children’s institutions and migration authorities for repatriation (identification of the child, transfer to the airport or confirmation of repatriation route);

If the authorities in the corresponding country do not provide for the child’s transport, the Consulate will notify DGHAM so that it can liaise with relatives in El Salvador or the relevant bodies in order to obtain the fare;

DGHAM coordinates the child’s reception with the relatives who are to receive the child in El Salvador, DGME and ISNA;

DGHAM hands over the child to ISNA for clearance and subsequent handover to his or her relatives.

With regard to the above process and because the children enter across the La Hachadura border, it has been agreed that the Consul notifies ISNA by email the day it sends the children and also liaises by telephone with the Ministry of Foreign Relations Migrant Care Centre in La Hachadura; ISNA staff go to the Ministry of External Relations Migrant Care Centre and perform the following procedure there:

They receive a list of all children and adolescents.

They confirm which of the children are accompanied by relatives and in possession of documentation.

They carry out interviews with each child and their family to establish that they are biologically related and that the birth certificate and sole identity document (DUI) are correct.

Official record and report forms are then filled in so that the children and adolescents can be handed over to their relatives.

If no relatives are present to meet the children, they are transferred to ISNA and temporary accommodation is organized in the Hogar Moraga and Ciudad de los Niños orphanages for girls and boys respectively. In some cases, the relatives even come to the ISNA in Santa Ana on the same day to reunite the family. Otherwise, arrangements are made by telephone to allow the relatives time until the following day to pick up the children.

Under exceptional circumstances, when the family fails to turn up, the relevant arrangements are made with ISNA branches, according to the geographical area in which the child is resident.

When they are sent to ISNA, the procedure is as follows:

They are sent to ISNA by the DGME or the National Civil Police at the following border posts: Santa Ana, Anguiatú and San Cristóbal de la Frontera or the Paraje Galán police station in Santiago de la Frontera, Ahuachapán, and the Las Chinamas and La Hachadura borders;

The Anguiatú, San Cristóbal de la Frontera, Paraje Galán and Las Chinamas border posts specifically receive children and adolescents who are detected at these borders or border posts when they leave El Salvador heading for other countries;

The La Hachadura border specifically receives children sent by the El Salvador Consulate in Chiapas, Mexico.

1. Numbers of children and adolescents handled

ISNA began work in the field of returning minors in the western area in 2004 and reported as follows:

In 2004 it handled 444 minors;

In 2005 it handled 918;

In 2006 it handled 976 salvadoran children and 56 foreigners entering the country illegally.

The type of assistance offered consisted of providing:

Accommodation;

Food;

Hygiene products;

Psychological assistance, when necessary.

Note that children return by both land and air, in the latter case under the “Bienvenido a Casa” (Welcome Home) return programme, handled by the General Directorate for Migration and Aliens, which reported receiving the following numbers of minors during the following years:

194 in 2004

A total of 269 in 2005

A total of 298 in 2006

The following institutions were involved in this process:

National Civil Police;

General Directorate for Migration and Aliens;

Ministry of External Relations;

ISNA.

Minor nationals may return to El Salvador in two ways, by air and by land.

Figure 64

General Directorate for Migration and Aliens. Returning Salvadoran children

Period from January to December 2006

Place of entry	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Total
La Hachadura	172	147	153	164	135	139	98	103	134	71	88	104	1,508
Las Chinamas	0	0	4	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	2	8
San Cristóbal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anguiatú	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Poy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Amatillo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	2	0	0	0	5
International airport	45	18	34	26	33	33	11	18	28	22	13	17	298
Total	217	165	191	190	168	172	113	121	165	93	101	123	1,819

See annex XIX for more information on returning children.

B. Child victims of trafficking in persons and sexual exploitation

El Salvador set up a National Committee against Trafficking in Persons by means of Executive Order Number 114, published in Official Gazette No 224, Volume 369 dated 1 December 2005, with the aim of fighting this scourge comprehensively, by implementing a national Policy and Plan for the eradication of trafficking in persons in accordance with obligations under the Salvadoran legal system.

The Committee is made up of the following Secretariats and Institutions: Ministry of External Relations (the Committee Chair and Permanent Secretariat is in charge of this agency), Ministry of Government, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Employment and Social Security, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Ministry of Tourism, National Secretariat for the Family, National Civil Police, General Directorate for Migration and Aliens, Salvadoran Institute for the Full Care of Children and Adolescents, Salvadoran Institute for Women’s Development.

The Committee performs the following functions to achieve its aim:

Integrates and coordinates efforts with the aim of investigating and preventing the crime of trafficking in persons and assisting victims through national institutions and international bodies;

Develops enablement and training activities on the subject, taking into account the various methods of trafficking in persons;

Disseminates efforts to combat the scourge of trafficking in persons amongst the population;

Proposes appropriate legal initiatives through any of the committee members, with the approval of the president of the republic.

Advises committee government body officials on measures or projects to promote the topic;

Promotes measures designed to reinforce and facilitate the participation of public and private institutions in combating, preventing and handling trafficking in persons.

The committee is currently drawing up the national policy against trafficking in persons 2008-2017 and its respective action plan 2008-2012.

In order to combat trafficking in persons and the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, the National Plan for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (2006‑2009) contains a specific chapter on the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. This includes intervention strategies, strategic measures and indicators. The Plan incorporates the following indicators: level of perception and public rejection of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents; media coverage; types of complaints; level of integration of victims in families; number of beneficiaries in prevention programmes; number of citizen complaints; number of cases investigated; number of exploiters captured; and number of cases where the aggressor receives a criminal penalty. By means of a Citizen Charter between government institutions and civil society, it has also been possible to set up a Working Party against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children And Adolescents.

Over the reporting period, special units were set up against trafficking within the ISNA, the National Civil Police, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic, ISDEMU (Salvadoran Institute for Women’s Development), the Ministry of External Relations and the General Directorate for Migration and Aliens, which work in coordination to increase the efficacy of State action to help victims and punish those responsible.

As far as criminal law is concerned, the Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure has been reformed to bring national legislation into line with international obligations in this area, with the aim of providing greater protection for victims and more severe penalties for exploiters and traffickers. In 2004, for example, all offences connected with child abuse, lewd sexual acts, including possession of child pornography, trafficking and trading in persons were reformed, increasing the penalties if the victim is under 18 years of age in order to safeguard and protect children and adolescents. In particular, Article 367-B of the Criminal Code criminalizes the offence of trafficking in persons, and also aggravating circumstances to the offence of Trafficking in persons.

In cooperation with international organizations such as the ILO and UNICEF, investigations were carried out into trafficking, identifying risk areas. ISNA conducted awareness and information campaigns to prevent such acts occurring and invests an approximate annual sum of $ 196,328 in caring for victims and working to restore their rights. In 2006, ISDEMU promoted a prevention campaign against trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation through the media. This involved 2,570 radio spots broadcast on five national radio stations, advertising hoardings on the main streets of San Salvador, mobile billboards on bus routes in the metropolitan area and the printing of posters and leaflets with informative messages. ISNA delivered training activities against trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation to the competent authorities. Training was provided for court, police, tax, protection and migration employees. Material on methods and types of trafficking in persons and the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents was also circulated to Salvadoran consulates and forums involving Salvadoran communities abroad. ISDEMU also delivered this type of programme and, at the time of this report, 2,514 male and female National Civil Police officers benefited from awareness seminars on commercial sexual exploitation and basic courses against domestic violence. The Ministry of Education implemented a pilot project for schools entitled "Preventing the trafficking of children and adolescents and raising awareness of sexual and reproductive health”, delivered in educational establishments trained 400 teachers, more than half the total of 701; the campaign was delivered to 28,040 students and their families and 66 schools, with the staging of five plays and the production of material such as flyers.

With regard to programmes for the assistance and rehabilitation of children who have been victims of sexual exploitation or trafficking in persons, ISDEMU has been implementing a programme aimed at girls and adolescents who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation since 2004. Under this scheme, girls are provided with psychological support, monitoring by social services, support in court cases, medical care through the national health system and training in productive skills for their subsequent reintegration in society, such as baking and make-up artistry. ISDEMU’s institutional budget covers funds invested in victim support (technical resources, infrastructure, resource training, food, materials, transport, essential items, medicinal products, victim training and identity documents). ISDEMU also manages the allocation of funds to fight trafficking in persons and delivers awareness campaigns through co-operation agencies such as the Resource Foundation, ILO-IPEC, UNICEF and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (SAIC). Similarly ISNA deploys a technical team of solicitors, social workers and psychologists whose work is to provide direct assistance to victims. The team is supported by nursing staff, doctors and instructors. ISNA also runs a shelter for victims. The assistance programme offers medical assessment, psycho-social counselling, provision of clothing, personal hygiene accessories, food, recreation and family contact and international negotiation for repatriation.

Inter-institutional working parties have been set up within the field of assistance for victims of commercial sexual exploitation. The code of criminal procedure has also been reformed to prevent children who have been the victims of crimes becoming victims again. Reforms include the early taking of statements from the boy or girl; being accompanied by their parents or a professional psychologist to court hearings; having no physical contact with the aggressor - and protecting the identity of victims under 18 years of age.

One of the aims of ISNA is the eradication of commercial sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual exploitation of persons under 18 years of age. It conducts its work through three branches and nine local offices while also providing shelter and care for victims. The number of victims assisted due to sexual abuse in the last three years and the proportion they represent of the remaining population protected by ISNA are detailed in the following table:

Details of ages, gender and nationality of victims of commercial sexual exploitation assisted by ISNA during 2005 and 2006 are given in the following tables.

Figure 65

Victims of trafficking in persons, forms of commercial sexual exploitation, assisted by ISNA (2005)

Age range	Female	Male	Total	Country of nationality	Total
age 3 to < 6	1	1	2	Belize	1
age 9 to < 12	4		4	Guatemala	1
age 12 to < 15	29		29	Honduras	2
age 15 to < 18	38	2	40	Nicaragua	4
age 18 and over	3		3	El Salvador	70
Total	75	3	78	Total	78

Figure 66

Victims of trafficking in persons, forms of commercial sexual exploitation, assisted by ISNA (2006)

Age range	Female	Male	Total	Country of nationality	Total
age 0 to < 3	1		1	Guatemala	6
age 9 to < 12	6		6	Honduras	2
aged12 to < 15	30		30	Nicaragua	4
age 15 to < 18	43		43	El Salvador	70
age 18 and over	2		2	Total	82
Total	82		82

ISNA dedicates a good proportion of its efforts to programmes for the assisting and rehabilitating child victims of sexual exploitation or trafficking with the aim of restoring their rights involving the family and local networks. It has run local campaigns for the prevention of commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking in persons, with teaching material, posters, advertising billboards and moving billboards on buses. IPEC/ILO has funded and implemented projects for the prevention of commercial sexual exploitation and victim support for the National Civil Police (PNC), ISNA, Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic (FGR) and non-governmental organizations.

Trafficking in persons is classed as a crime in Article 367-B of the Criminal Code, which establishes the following:

Anyone who, of their own initiative or as a member of a national or international organization, for the purposes of financial gain, recruits, transports, transfers, shelters or harbours persons, within or outside national territory, in order to engage in any activity related to sexual exploitation or to keep them in forced labour or service or practices similar to slavery, or for the purposes of organ removal, fraudulent adoption or forced marriage, shall be liable to imprisonment for a term of four to eight years. The maximum applicable penalty shall be increased by up to one third when the victim is under 18 years of age or incompetent.

As stated above, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic is responsible for managing the investigation of the offence and bringing a criminal action with the cooperation of the National Civil Police. Investigations of this type of offence are instigated automatically, because they are categorized as crimes against humanity under the Salvadoran Legal system. The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic sets up an Illegal Trafficking in Persons Unit in 2003 to offer specialized assistance for this type of offence. This unit is in charge of investigating all forms of trafficking and trading in persons. The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic is a member of the National Committee Against Trafficking Persons, set up in 2005 with the aim of handling the crime of trafficking holistically through a national policy and plan for the eradication of this crime, in accordance with obligations entered into by the State of El Salvador when it ratified international instruments on the subject.

Over the reporting period, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic opened the following investigations into cases of crimes relating to trading and trafficking in persons:

Figure 67

Trading and trafficking in children cases.

Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic. (2004 – 2006)

Year	Age of victim and number of offences	Total
Age 0-10	Age 11-18
2004
Illegal Trafficking in persons	40	48	88
Total	42	51	93
2005
Illegal trafficking in persons	7	21	28
Trade in persons	5	10	15
Total	12	35	47
2006 (up to August)
Sale of persons	0	0	0
Illegal trafficking in persons	9	27	36
Trade in persons	2	18	20
Total	11	49	60

See annex XX for more information on trafficking in persons.

El Salvador has implemented various measures to combat the scourge of kidnapping, beginning with the adoption of penal reforms that entered into force in 2001, when the criminal penalties were increased. This crime was punished by imprisonment for 20 to 30 years and, as of the reform, the penalty was increased from 30 to 45 years of imprisonment and it is now forbidden to grant the prisoner conditional release or early conditional release. Similarly, it was established that when the victim is under 18 years of age, this aggravating circumstance may increase the sentence by up to a third of the maximum sentence.

With regard to the legal prosecution of the crimes of kidnapping and trafficking in persons for the period 2004–2006, magistrates courts dealt with 42 cases, preliminary investigation courts dealt with 30 cases and trial courts dealt with five cases. The details are given below:

Figure 68

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims of kidnapping and trafficking in persons in the 24 Magistrates Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System.

Magistrates Courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Kidnapping	Total	Kidnapping	Trafficking in persons	Total	Kidnapping	Trafficking in persons
Total	42	21	21	9	3	6	12	10	2
Average per court	2	2	2	1	0	0	1	1	0

Figure 69

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims of kidnapping and trafficking in persons in the 30 Preliminary Investigation Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System.

Preliminary investigation courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Kidnap-ping	Aggravated kidnap-ping	Total	Kidnap-ping	Aggravated kidnap-ping	Trafficking in persons	Total	Kidnap-ping	Aggravated kidnap-ping	Trafficking in persons	Trafficking in persons
Total	30	1	1	4	9	3	3	3	20	7	3	9	1
Average per court	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0

Figure 70

Statistical data of all cases involving minor victims of kidnapping and trafficking in persons in the eight Trial Courts equipped with the Case Monitoring System.

Trial courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Total	Total	Kidnapping	Trafficking in persons
Totals	5	-	-	5	3	2
Average per court	1	-	-	1	1	1

El Salvador runs a Shelter for Victims of Trafficking in persons, which began to operate on 29 April 2006. It is being coordinated by the General Directorate for Migration and Aliens, together with Fundación Huellas, with the support of the Inter-Institutional Subcommittee, part of the National Committee against Trafficking in Persons and the IOM. From May to December 2006, 51 children were offered comprehensive assistance in the above shelter, most of them female and Salvadoran.

Figure 71

Victims of trafficking, assisted at the shelter of the Directorate General for Migration

(May to December 2006)

Nationality	Number	Gender	Number	Age range	Number
El Salvador	26	Male	4	0 - 3	5
Nicaragua	10	Female	56	4 - 6	3
Mexico	9		7 - 9	3
Guatemala	6	10 - 12	6
Honduras	5	13 - 15	6
Colombia	4	16 - 18	28
	19 - 21	4
22 - 24	3
25 - 27	2
28 - 30	0
Over 30	0
Total 60

In 2005, the General Directorate for Migration and Aliens returned 36 boys and 16 girls aged between 20 days and 17 years to their countries of origin. During 2006, 28 boys and 27 girls aged between 7 months and 17 years were returned. As a general rule, the reasons for deportation were family reunification, the repatriation of victims of trafficking, and migration documents not being in order. The children's nationalities are detailed in the following tables.

Figure 72

Minors returning to their countries of origin (2005)

Country of origin	Number of children
Guatemala	10
Nicaragua	15
Honduras	25
Mexico	2
Ecuador	2
Belize	2
Bolivia	1
Total	57

Figure 73

Minors returning to their countries of origin (2006)

Country of origin	Number of children
United States	4
Mexico	22
Nicaragua	4
Honduras	18
Cuba	1
Guatemala	6
Total	56

El Salvador has established cooperation agreements on migration with countries in the region of Central America and Mexico through the Care Protocols and Memoranda of Understanding and also through a Repatriation Reference System between migration bodies, consulates and child protection institutions.

C. Refugee children

According to information from the General Directorate for Migration and Aliens, over the last three years El Salvador has granted refugee status to 3 girls and 1 boy of Colombian origin forming part of family groups.

D. Children in conflict with justice

The legislation applicable to minors who are alleged to have committed crimes is the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act, Law on Surveillance and Control of Execution of Measures for Young Offenders, and the General Regulation of Centres of Internment for Young Offenders, and also the law regulating Executive Body institutions responsible for designing and applying children's and youth policies, particularly the ISNA.

The Juvenile Criminal Justice Act establishes the specialized jurisdiction of Youth Magistrates, who are responsible for applying a special procedure for the judging and handing down of criminal penalties to persons aged over 12 and under 18 who are alleged to have broken the law, and also for the rights and guarantees to which such people are entitled. Children aged between 16 and 18 are only subject to the following measures laid down in the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act: social and family guidance and support, reprimand; imposition of rules of conduct; community service; probation; and imprisonment as a final resort. Children over 12 and under 16 are subject to the same measures and also some of those laid down in article 45 of the Law of the Salvadoran Institute for Full Development of Children and Adolescents (ISNA): namely return home with or without supervision; foster care placement; substitute care placement and institutional placement.

Various reforms were introduced to the Juvenile Offenders Act by means of Legislative Decree No 395 of 28 July 2004, published in Official Gazette No 143, Volume 364 of 30 July 2004. The main changes were as follows:

The name of the Juvenile Offenders Act was changed to the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act (LPJ);

The system of protection for minors’ rights to identity and privacy was changed, amending Article 5 (b), which prohibits the publication of information that directly or indirectly makes their identification possible, without prejudice to the exception laid down in Article 25 of the Act. Two paragraphs were introduced under which the competent magistrate may - as of right or upon the application of one party - authorize the publication of information on the minor’s likeness or identity in order to facilitate his or her location in cases of evasion from justice and in the presence of serious objective risk to the safety of victims, witnesses or any other person. The measure is to be suspended once the minor has been located and handed over to the competent authority;

Article 30 regulating provisions prohibiting the police from keeping criminal records was amended and replaced by another entitled “Registration”. This reform upheld the above prohibition, except in cases determined by the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic or the competent magistrate. It also establishes that storing of the records will be confidential and only for purposes strictly related to court proceedings, though records will be accessible to duly authorized persons directly participating in current trial proceedings and will not be used in trials of adults relating to cases in which the same person could be involved;

The rights of victims or the injured parties are extended by an amendment to Article 51, incorporating the following rights: i) to be informed of the results of the proceedings and the follow-up to the final outcome, irrespective of whether or not they have played a part in the proceedings; ii) to play a part in conciliation, withdrawal and hearing of the case and also in any other hearings that affect their interests, in accordance with the terms of this Act; iii) to contest the discharge, acquittal or cessation of the proceedings, even when they have not played a part in the trial; iv) not to have to reveal their identity or that of their relatives under certain circumstances; v) to be provided with protective measures, and vi) to receive medical or psychological assistance, where required;

A point was added to Article 58 specifically establishing that the Salvadoran Institute for Full Development of Children and Adolescents is the body responsible for administering minors’ certificates and ensuring they are accessible and comply with the purposes for which they were created;

The crimes allowing mediation were restricted, amending Article 59 that originally allowed conciliation for all types of crimes or petty offences, except for those affecting broader interests. When the reform was approved, mediation was prohibited for the following crimes: i) manslaughter and murder; ii) extortion; iii) crimes of deprivation of liberty, kidnapping and aggravated offences against individual liberty; iv) crimes relating to sexual liberty; v) crimes that affect broader interests of society - and vi) crimes committed by minors who have reconciled the same class of intentional offence;

The maximum term for carrying out preliminary investigations was extended from 30 days to 60 days through the reform of Article 68;

Under the reform of Article 103, decisions that previously granted the right to special appeal only if they affected the rights of the defendant, can now also be appealed against if they are contrary to the interests of the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic. These decisions are as follows: i) decisions imposing or denying an interim measure; ii) decisions imposing or denying joinder of causes of action; iii) decisions ordering the merit of holding a case hearing or denying it. The right of appeal was also extended to decisions that impose a fine for infringement of the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act;

Article 14 establishing the punishment of a fine for breach of obligations was amended, clarifying that the said breach could be committed not only by the official in charge of applying and complying with this Act but also a public employee, public authority or agent of authority;

A specific procedure was established for imposing fines, because previously the only instruction was to follow the procedure laid down in the Code of Criminal Procedure, through the amendment of Article 117;

The responsibility for administering Intermediate Imprisonment Centres was changed by the reform of Article 119. The intermediate centres were established to comply with the detention order for those over 18 years of age who require special treatment or whose presence at the centre could be prejudicial to minors. Like the other prisons, these centres came under the responsibility of ISNA, but under the terms of the reform issued through Legislative Decree No 20 of 15 June 2006, published in Official Gazette No 126, Volume 372, of 7 July 2006, responsibility for them passed to the Executive Body in the Government Branch.

The Juvenile Justice Unit of the Supreme Court of Justice produced a report analysing the statistical data, which showed the good results achieved under the juvenile criminal justice system. These data and analyses were circulated during the course of 2006 through lectures, forums, seminars and other education and training events to judicial operators and other target groups relating to the juvenile criminal justice system. The statistical data produced by the Supreme Court of Justice indicate that the number of crimes attributed to minors has fallen by approximately 10 per cent compared to the years before the entry into force of this specialized criminal justice system. In 1994, the Ministry of Justice records showed that 15% of crimes were attributed to persons aged over 16 and under 18; while this percentage fell to 5.82% during the period from January 2000 to June 2006.

Figure 74

Crime attributed to minors compared to adult crime

Criminal proceedings brought before criminal courts and juvenile courts (2000 to June 2006)

Adults	Minors	% of adults	% of total
340,477	19,819	5.82	5.50

Source: Supreme Court of Justice. http://www.csj.gob.sv/idioma.htm/Estadísticas.

Another significant result of the criminal justice system is the relatively widespread practice of dejudicialization, in other words the application of outcomes alternative to the judicial process allowed under current law, including: mediation (LPJ; Article 59); referral to community programmes (Article 37); waiver of the right of action (art. 70), only for illegal acts punishable by imprisonment for a minimum term of under three years; and action for an injunction due to the exclusion of responsibility, withdrawal or other legal proceedings (Article 38).

This practice of dejudicialization may take place, at least partly, with the following information.

Figure 75

Cases entering and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Period 2000 – 2004

Cases entering	Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms
Number	Number	Percentage
15,402	11,862	77

Source: Administrative Systems Unit. Supreme Court of Justice (CSJ)

Note that during the period 2000-2004, out of a total of 15,402 cases entering the Juvenile Court, 11,862 – or 77% – culminated in an alternative dispute resolution mechanism.

Another important achievement of the juvenile criminal justice system is the less frequent use of custodial sentences, both as an interim measure and as a punishment or definitive sentence, as the following table shows.

Figure 76

Types of measure imposed. Period: 1 January 2002 – 31 Aug 2004

Type of Measure	Number	Percentage
Definitive measure	1,065	100.00
Imprisonment	284	26.67
Non-custodial	781	73.33
Interim measure	4,458	100.00
Imprisonment	1,706	38.27
Non-custodial	2,752	61.73

Source: Administrative Systems Unit, Supreme Court of Justice

Over the period 1 January 2002 to 31 August 2004, out of a total of 1065 definitive measures handed down, 284 (26.67%) involved imprisonment, while 781 (73.33%) were measures that did not involve custodial sentences. Over the same period, out of a total of 4,458 interim measures imposed, 1,706 (38.27%) were imprisonment, while 2,752, or 61.73%, did not involve custodial sentences. Statistics recorded previously by the Courts for the Enforcement of Measures on Juvenile Offenders confirmed this encouraging practice of imposing fewer custodial sentences, as may be seen in the following table.

Figure 77

Custodial and non-custodial measures under the control of Courts for the Enforcement of Measures on Juvenile Offenders. Period 1995 – 2002

Courts	Imprisonment	Non-custodial measures	Totals
1st Court of Enforcement of Measures of San Salvador	60	100	160
2nd Court of Enforcement of Measures of San Salvador	80	277	257
Court of Enforcement of Measures of Santa Ana	98	112	210
Court of Enforcement of Measures of Santa Miguel	31	115	146
Court of Enforcement of Measures of San Vicente	36	62	98
Totals	305	666	971
Percentages	31.4%	68.9%	100%

Source: Attorney-General’s Office for the Protection of Human Rights, Human Rights of Children and Young People - Compendium of decisions and special reports on children and young people, San Salvador, 2004

With regard to the application of youth justice administration, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic set up the Department of Juvenile Crime in March 1995, recruiting a group of prosecutors and training them in the application of the special legal system applicable to children in conflict with the law. This special training enabled the Prosecutor to guarantee the set of rights and guarantees designed to assist children accused of breaking the law. These rights must be guaranteed from the beginning of the investigation or, if applicable, when the minor is located and placed under the order of the Prosecutor. From that moment, the minor is guaranteed the right to a defence counsel, which takes effect when the minor is summoned by the specialist prosecutor through the juvenile criminal justice process, who from that time orders the separation of captured adults and minors in preventive custody. In the same way, in line with domestic law, the principles and provisions laid down in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Riyadh Guidelines) and the United Nations Standard Minimum rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) are taken into consideration.

It should be emphasized that the juvenile justice process is extremely short because the Prosecutor's office is allowed only 60 days to conduct the investigation. Once the minor has been located and placed into the order of the Prosecutor, he or she must therefore be brought before a judge within 72 hours. The judge must hold a hearing to formulate the charges, when any appropriate cautionary measure is handed down. The main aim of this is to guarantee an education in responsibility as established by the guiding principle of the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act, in harmony at all times with the relevant tenets of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the best interests of the child. Within 60 days, a criminal action is brought and if an alternative dispute settlement mechanism is not forthcoming, the process culminates in a case hearing, at which it is always preferable to impose the measure that is most likely to re-educate the minor in conflict with the law.

The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic keeps a register of criminal offences allegedly committed by persons under 18 years of age. In 2006, out of a total of 7,953 person under 18 years of age who were investigated by the Office of the Attorney General, 6,678 were detained for the purposes of judgement and 1,275 were not ordered to be taken into custody because this restriction was not justified, as indicated in the following table:

Figure 78

Type of detention for persons under 18 (2006)

	Total
Detention in flagrante delicto Interim detention Administrative detention Detention with court order No detention	6,574 53 48 3 1,275
Total	7,953

See annex XXI for other cases.

As far as the judgement of children in conflict with the law is concerned, during 2004-2006, 12,575 children were tried in specialized juvenile courts, most of whom were male, as shown in the following table:

Figure 79

Persons under 18 years of age tried in juvenile courts at national level, by gender and age

Description	Total
Grand total	Subtotals by year	Subtotals by gender	2004	2005	2006
2004	2005	2006	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Total	12,575	4,469	3,855	4,251	11,437	1,138	4,130	339	3,526	329	3,781	470
Aged under 12	18	6	5	7	14	4	4	2	4	1	6	1
Age 12	164	49	60	55	142	22	37	12	56	4	49	6
Age 13	430	146	141	143	373	57	133	13	124	17	116	27
Age 14	951	340	268	343	830	121	296	44	234	34	300	43
Age 15	1,873	712	534	627	1,652	221	633	79	475	59	544	83
Age 16	3,483	1,304	983	1196	3185	298	1,209	95	911	72	1,065	131
Age 17	5,656	1,912	1,864	1,880	5,241	415	1818	94	1722	142	1701	179

According to the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act, children who are tried may be subject to interim or definitive measures other than imprisonment , as shown in the following table:

Figure 80

Statistical data on interim and definitive measures handed down to minors in Juvenile Courts at national level

Juvenile courts		Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Interim	Definitive	Interim	Definitive	Interim	Definitive	Interim	Definitive
Totals	5,843	4,521	1,322	1,337	354	1,425	444	1,759	524

Interim and definitive custodial sentences by specialised courts for minors during the period are shown in the following table:

Figure 81

Statistical data on interim and definitive custodial measures handed down to minors in Juvenile Courts at national level

Juvenile courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	Interim	Definitive	Interim	Definitive	Interim	Definitive	Interim	Definitive
Total	1,790	1,424	366	402	86	440	131	582	149

Children in conflict with the law found guilty of committing a punishable offence are detailed in the following table:

Figure 82

Number of minors sentenced or found guilty in Juvenile Courts at national level
Juvenile courts	Total	2004	2005	2006
Total	1,085	281	376	428

During the period 2004-2006, more than 3,600 children accused of breaking the law were reported to ISNA, as shown in the following table.

Figure 83

Total population covered, classified according to gender (2004, 2005 and 2006)

Gender	2004	2005	2006
Adolescents	%	Adolescents	%	Adolescents	%
Female	121	9.3%	101	9%	79	7%
Male	1,187	90.7%	1,069	91%	1,102	93%
Total	1,308	100%	1,170	100%	1,181	100%

The minors reported to ISNA were referred to Rehabilitation Centres or followed up by ISNA to monitor the alternative measures imposed by the Juvenile Courts.

Figure 84

Total Population in the care of the ISNA Rehabilitation Subsystem by care area, 2004– 2006

Care area	2004	2005	2006
Young people	%	Young people	%	Young people	%
Rehabilitation centres	1,206	92.2%	1,111	95%	1,113	94%
Alternative measures	102	7.8%	59	5%	68	6%
Total	1,308	100%	1,170	100%	1,181	100%

ISNA detention centres have a capacity for a total of 760 minors, as follows: Tonacatepeque, 460; El Espino, 100; Ilobasco Centre (male) 150; and Ilobasco Centre (female), 50.

At the time of writing, 487 people were in custody, as shown in the following table:

Figure 85

Minors and persons over 18 detained in ISNA Detention Centres. (June 2007) *

Population/Age	Aged 18 and over	Aged under 18	Over-18s in the Intermediate Centre, in compliance with Article 119 of the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act
Male definitive inmates	153	129	30
Female definitive inmates	8	5
Interim male inmates	19	154
Interim female inmates	2	17
Subtotal	182	305
Total per centre	487

*These include young people serving custodial sentences who committed crimes when they were minors. In other words, they have passed their 18th birthdays and are still serving their custodial sentences.

The four rehabilitation centres employ a total of 196 staff. These staff members have been duly trained by ISNA and external bodies to perform their functions.

Minors under the responsibility of the ISNA take part in programmes of reintegration, teaching or vocational training and also programmes of formal education, recreation, culture, health and vocational training in accordance with the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act and the Detention Centre Regulation. The Centres also run therapy and Alcoholics Anonymous communities. At the date of this report, 42 people were taking part in special rehabilitation programmes involving supervised release. Due to the reintegration programmes, the percentage of reoffenders is 27%. Minors in conflict with the law also benefit from programmes run by the National Youth Secretariat, such as the Granja Escuela Izalco, mentioned previously, ‘deportevías’ (street sports) events held in Offenders’ Centres and the Nehemías Project, when 97 in people in conflict with the law are offered reintegration opportunities.

More than 10,500 children have been offered special rehabilitation care by ISNA and NGOs authorised by the Institute.

Figure 86

Number of children offered special rehabilitation care

Table showing population cared for in centres and shelters run by NGOs and ISNA
	2004	2005	2006
NGOs	2,520	2,464	2,765
ISNA	939	955	930
	3,459	3,419	3,695

Source: Child Information System and reports of ISNA regional branches.

The National Youth Secretariat has also run various schemes to prevent juvenile delinquency, such as the Juvenile Rescue Centre Project, which looks after 80 gang members, located in las Primaveras, Quezaltepeque, las Brisas, Colonia IVU; or the Solidarity Support Project, which seeks to establish a culture of social solidarity between young people in situations of high-risk and vulnerability. One project worthy of particular mention is the Youth Secretariat’s Mano Extendida (Outstretched Hand) project which sets out to rehabilitate young people by educating them and integrating them into society and the employment market, isolating them from antisocial behaviour and high-risk environments. This project runs schemes and plans with the aim of preventing young Salvadorans from becoming involved in violence or criminal activities, joining gangs, truanting from schools, becoming drug addicts or destitute or having underage pregnancies. The programme diagnoses young people affected by violence, gangs, truancy, drugs, destitution and underage pregnancy and maps out strategic partners for preventing risk in young people. It supports young people at risk and in conflict with the law, runs violence-prevention activities in schools and communities and establishes alliances for this purpose with strategic partners.

ISNA has also established a procedure for supervising of detention centres with the aim of ensuring that they operate more effectively and to prevent any infringement of the human rights of children and adolescents under its responsibility. In accordance with its functions, the ISNA Monitoring and Evaluation Department is responsible for:

Examining the documents of private agencies legally registered and authorised to shelter children and adolescents with the aim of finding out the background and working context of these institutions and checking that they possess working plans, forms for entering information in the Child Information System (SIPI), and an agreement with the ISNA Steering Board to allow the work of monitoring and evaluation;

Analysing the working programmes, projects and plans of legally registered entities for the purposes of comparing them with Childhood Care Models drawn up by the Registration and Supervision Division;

Delimiting supervision strategies for legally registered entities;

Implementing monitoring and evaluation processes for agencies requiring immediate and urgent intervention to correct or rectify their actions and establish spot monitoring mechanisms for the entities involved;

Preparing reports with suggestions for reinforcing entities whose work is affected by anomalies or shortcomings. Technical resources are deployed for this purpose or the necessary actions are promoted, including legal actions, to ensure that the entities are able to resolve their problems and shortcomings;

Carrying out checks on monitoring visits, half-yearly evaluations and reports, and

Carrying out an evaluation process every six months on legally registered agencies.

ISNA has run training courses for police and juvenile detention centre officials with the aim of safeguarding the personal integrity of children and adolescents under its responsibility. Trained rehabilitation staff members include: 13 members of technical teams (psychologists, social and legal workers); 63 guidance counsellors; 16 school teachers, and 15 workshop instructors. Eleven seminars have been implemented, delivered by the Public Prosecutor’s Office For The Protection Of Human Rights, and a degree course for community teachers delivered by the Universidad Don Bosco and UNICEF. The training courses offered an opportunity to cover various topics, including human rights, conflict resolution and educational mediation, teamwork, public safety, accident protection for children and young people, techniques for evaluating sex offenders, occupational accidents, HIV/AIDS and participation in local environmental management.

In order to offer an educational response in line with the needs of all children, especially those at social risk or educational disadvantage, the Ministry of Education set out four strategic lines of action in its National Education Plan 2021 that respond, support and guide the needs of teachers and students and also those of parents, with the aim of providing educational opportunities for girls who are victims of sexual exploitation. Action is taken both in educational establishments and with teaching staff to care for children who are victims of sexual or abuse exploitation in this area. These include: inter-institutional coordination; the management of educational support for effective access to the curriculum; the development of prevention programmes in educational establishments through the network of psychologists; the implementation of strategies and measures to guarantee access to education, mainly for those in situations of risk; the design and development of processes of educational guidance for teachers and information and awareness programmes aimed at the educational and non-educational community, which were broadcast on state television Canal 10, in a programme entitled Franja de la Calidad Educativa. Representatives of the various institutions making up the working group on the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents took part in these programmes.

Various activities were carried out with schools, namely: information campaigns against the sexual abuse of children and adolescents, with the aim of guiding students to prevent any type of abuse that they may fall prey to in schools; prevention programmes through the network of psychologists and student support from the social service of the Modular Open University; individual psychological care for those who require it. In some schools the care was more focused on students who have been victims.

The following measures were taken with staff of educational institutions, teachers and psychologists: discussions with the aim of preventing sexual abuse by the educational establishment; donations of CDs and printed material from the ILO containing information helping to prevent sexual abuse within the school; specialized bibliographic material; support for parents within the schools; regional workshops with teachers - and access to education within public institutions.

Measures taken in coordination with other institutions included: handing-out of printed material; implementation of prevention programmes by agreement with private universities; discussions on the topic in schools, and development of the topic with parents in the schools.

E. Children subject to exploitation and the worst forms of child labour

The Salvadoran Constitution states that children under 14 must continue with their compulsory education by law and cannot be employed in any type of work. It also states that children under 16 may not work longer than six hours a day and thirty-four weeks in any type of job. It also prohibits children under 18 from working in unhealthy and hazardous jobs or night-work.

This constitutional is enshrined in the Labour Code, specifically in Articles 105 (prohibition of persons under 18 years of age working in hazardous jobs), 106 (definition of hazardous jobs), 107 (prohibition of children from working in bars, restaurants, pool halls or similar establishments), 108 (definition of unhealthy jobs), 114 (prohibition of minors under fourteen from working), and 116 (working day and job restrictions for minors under the age of 16).

Following this legal imperative, and under its commitment to strengthen society and the family, the Salvadoran government promoted the setting-up of a social protection network aiming to promote equal opportunities and the integration of vulnerable groups in situations of poverty, including children defined as being in situations of child labour and those who are at risk or sexually exploited for commercial purposes.

According to the 2003 Multipurpose Household Survey, the country’s population of children aged between 5 and 17 is 1,986,286. According to data in the preliminary report "Entendiendo el trabajo infantil en El Salvador, 2003-2005" (Understanding child labour in El Salvador, 2003-2005) 288,221 children and adolescents are working (paid and unpaid) in El Salvador. In relative terms, this represents 14.5% of the population of children aged 5 to 17.

Figure 87

Main reasons why parents allow their underage children to work

	Male	Female
Main reason why parents allow them to work	Urban	Rural	Total	Urban	Rural	Total
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
To supplement household income	34.6	39.5	37.9	36.0	53.3	43.8
To help in the family business	41.4	44.8	43.7	52.3	40.0	46.8
To support themselves	13.5	8.6	10.2	7.5	4.1	6.0
Not enough money for studies	4.6	2.6	3.2	0.9	0.9	1.2
Others	5.9	4.5	5.0	3.3	1.5	2.2

Source: DIGESTYC EHPM. Child Labour form, fourth quarter of 2003.

It is estimated that 46,657 children and adolescents have been prevented from working and withdrawn from work through direct action programmes, in coordination with ILO/IPEC.

The fight against child labour is the main responsibility of the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, which receives technical and financial cooperation from the IPEC/IOL programme and has earmarked the following resources for this goal.

Figure 88

Ministry of employment and social security

Ministry of employment and social security contribution tocombatting child labour

Dollars
Actions/year	2004	2005	2006	Total
Technical Committee		4,800.00	4,800.00	9,600.00
Agricultural inspection (inspections of sugarcane farms)	14,285.0	14,285.0	14,285.0	42,855.0
“Prohibition of Hazardous Child Labour” Community training	2,667.0	2,667.0	2,667.0	8,001.0
Building a website on child labour	4,000.0			4,000.0
Child labour unit	10,114.3	10,114.3	10,114.4	30,343.0
Loans to workers’ centres	3,667.0	3,667.0	3,667.0	11,001.0
Careers workshops		1,000.0		1,000.0
Employment mediation			1,000.0	1,000.0
TOTAL	34,733.3	36,533.3	36,533.4	107,800.0
INSAFORP	6,667.0	6,666.0	6,667.0	20,000.0

El Salvador adopted the following measures with the aim of eradicating child labour in the country and effectively complying with the commitments it assumed on ratification of ILO Convention 182:

In 2000, El Salvador become one of the first countries in the world to ratify ILO Convention 182 of 1999 concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour;

The government signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the ILO on 13 June 1996 and renewed this on 25 November 2009. In this it ratified its national commitment against child labour and laid the bases for receiving technical cooperation to help devise a National Plan against Child Labour;

The Government Plan drawn up by the President Elías Antonio Saca included a commitment to “pursue efforts to eradicate child labour” within the area of Social and Family Reinforcement;

A participative effort by the entire country made it possible to devise and launch a National Plan against the Worst Forms of Child Labour 2006-2009;

In 2002, a National Committee for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour was set up by the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, subsequently formalized by Executive Order No 66 of 16 June 2005, and a Technical Committee was appointed to support the work of the National Committee for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour;

The struggle against child labour was incorporated in the 2021 Education Plan from 2004;

On 18 February 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the ILO, , setting out new commitments by the El Salvador Government, most specifically relating to efforts to eradicate child labour in farming;

The Ministry of Employment and Social Security worked in cooperation with ILO-IPEC to implement programmes aimed at working children and their family groups. Funding of $ 370,000 was allocated to measures in vocational training and other areas;

A permanent form on child labour was developed and incorporated into the Multipurpose Household Survey (EHPM). In 2001, at the request of ILO-IPEC, a special form on child labour was developed within the EHPM. The General Directorate for Statistics and Censuses of the Ministry of the Economy subsequently incorporated it as a permanent form from 2005;

Child labour variables were permanently incorporated into the Ministry of Education’s School Enrolment Census from 2004;

Workbooks were developed for fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary school pupils to prompt them to reflect on the special conditions of children working in the country. A total of 3,000 exercise books were delivered;

Training courses were developed for teachers on catering for the educational needs of working children;

35 local and municipal committees were set up for monitoring child labour, mainly in the municipalities of Sonsonate, Jiquilisco, Usulután and Jucuarán;

Micro-enterprise initiatives were fostered in communities with the highest rates of child labour;

A Child Labour Unit was set up within the Ministry of Employment and Social Security on 25 November 2002, and also within the General Directorate of Statistics and Censuses;

Training courses on child labour were held by the Ministry of Employment and Social Security within the framework of institution-building. These were aimed at technical staff from various public institutions that make up the Technical Committee for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour;

Communication and awareness campaigns on the subject of child labour were rolled out nationwide through the media and other channels, namely: posters, information leaflets and talks. This awareness gained force when the current Government entered office, in other words from 2004;

The Unit for the Eradication of Child Labour was reinforced by recruiting five technicians and also 10 employment inspectors who work full-time to combat child labour in its worst forms. This increase was made possible by a budget increase of $2.5 million allocated to the Ministry of Employment and Social Security in 2006. This was used to recruit a total of 106 new employment inspectors, including the 10 mentioned above. It is also important to emphasize that the 2006 recruitment campaign increased the total number of Ministry of Employment and Social Security inspectors to 159. All of them have been made aware of the issues and have received training in the care of minors affected by the scourge of child labour in its worst forms;

Government backup has been provided to non-governmental organisations implementing projects to encourage them to adopt procedures and strategies for the eradication of child labour;

A working party against the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents has led to greater openness and a multi-institutional approach. This was set up on 1 November 2004 and on 31 October 2006 an agreement was signed to extend its operation for a further two years;

Greater national and international coordination has been achieved to combat trafficking and other crimes against children and adolescents;

Support has been given to the work of the Ministry of Education in its efforts to cater for the special educational needs of the working student population through direct action programmes with education as their main thrust. The project is also being implemented to set up a total of 96 remedial classes that cater for 5,000 children rescued from high-risk jobs.

During 2005 and 2006, a degree course in child labour was developed for university lecturers. The course was taken by 25 lecturers and administrators from the Universidad Pedagógica de El Salvador.

The Solidarity Network programme was set up to care for the education and health of poor families in the country’s most deprived municipalities.

In 2005, the Government of El Salvador also began to deploy its “Opportunities Plan”, which includes a set of social programmes designed to significantly reduce extreme poverty, strengthen the infrastructure of the poorest municipalities and extend the network of basic services in terms of coverage and quality. The programmes involved in the plan include “Solidarity Network” and “Microloans for Comprehensive Development”, designed to offer direct benefit to 100,000 families from the poorest municipalities in the country. It is hoped that this venture will help to rescue children working in the worst forms of child labour because one condition of the scheme is that financial transfers cannot be made directly to families unless children in the beneficiary household are enrolled at school and attending regularly.

One of the main achievements over this period was the preparation and publication of the “National Plan for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in El Salvador 2006-2009”, which was launched in September 2006. The plan takes the form of a strategic public management tool designed to guide national efforts to eradicate the worst forms of child labour. As the plan is implemented, it will help to comply with the undertakings assumed by El Salvador, in line with the contents of the White Paper, to guarantee that nationally produced goods and services will be untainted by child labour. The plan constitutes a State tool of public policy to guide the efforts of all institutions that make up the National Committee for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. As a sign of their good intent, the institutions participating in the National Committee have already allowed for the implementation of National Plan undertakings in their operational plans and they are drawing up action plans for the activities that each will carry out during 2007. In order to ensure that the measures will be sustainable, the Plan also seeks to guarantee the necessary financial, physical, human, methodological and technological resources for the implementing institutions to ensure that they are appropriate and sufficient to increase the coverage and quality of services aiming to eradicate the worst forms of child labour. The mission of the 2006-2009 National Plan is as follows: to be the key instrument for guiding measures that will rid the country of the worst forms of child labour; a country where children can develop holistically, plan their futures and be offered tangible opportunities for making their plans come true. The National Plan contains seven strategic areas of action: reinforcement of the legal framework; institution-building; educational facilities; health care, recreation, culture and sport; increasing income and communication and social awareness. All these contain specific goals and the governmental department responsible for each area, with the relevant timing milestones.

In its capacity as coordinator of the National Committee for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, with the contribution of ILO-IPEC, is carrying out a set of direct action plans that as we have seen take a holistic approach. These have become strategic areas of action of the National Plan for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour.

Note that assistance has also been given to the parents of children benefiting from the Child Labour Eradication projects to ensure support for the projects. The figures shown in the tables below therefore reflect the number of measures delivered to the children and also to the parents of those children, with services offering vocational training, income generation, literacy training, medical checkups, etc. It should be clarified that out of the total of 93,639 people and 7,098 children included in the tables, one child and one parent may have benefited from more than one service. In other words, these tables reflect the number of beneficiaries per service and are not an objective indication of the number of children or parents. Information is also given on direct action programmes and the total numbers of children and adolescents benefiting from those programmes.

Figure 89

Services offered to benefiting children (October 2003-March 2007)

Type of service	Total	Boys	Girls
Total	93,639	54,710	38,929
Remedial classes	26,715	16,242	10,473
Vocational training	3,397	2,056	1,341
Psychological counselling	294	209	85
Health services	1,475	850	625
Diet	8,984	5,492	3,492
Educational books and materials	44,837	25,293	19,544
Wages	617	365	252
Other services*	7,320	4,203	3,117

Source: Child Labour Eradication Unit.

Figure 90

Ministry of Employment and Social Security

Services offered to parents of benefiting children and adolescents

(October 2003-March 2007)

Type of service	Total	Male	Female
Total	7,098	2,053	5,045
Vocational training	2,223	980	1,243
Income generation	375	30	345
Literacy training	928	337	591
Medical checks	816	259	557
Other services*	2,756	447	2,309

Source: Child Labour Eradication Unit. Ministry of Employment and Social Security

Figure 91

Projects delivered during stage 1 of the ILO-IPEC limited duration programme (2002-2006)

Project name

Gradual eradication of child labour in the sugarcane sector within the municipalities of Zacatecoluca, San Vicente, Tecoluca and Verapaz, (OEF)	Sugar cane	Paracentral	2,073
Eradication of hazardous child labour in sugarcane production within the municipalities of Aguilares, El Paisnal, Nejapa, Guazapa and Suchitoto (FUNDAZUCAR)	Sugar cane	North	2,036
Gradual eradication of child labour in the fisheries sector within the municipalities of San Dionisio, Jucuarán y Usulután (OEF)	Fisheries	East	1,910
Eradication of the worst forms of child labour in sugarcane growing in the Department of Sonsonate, municipalities: Nahulingo, Izalco, San Julián, Armenia, CuisN’ahuatl and Sonsonate (FUSAL)	Sugar cane	West	1,858
Eradication of the worst forms of child labour: fisheries, Usulután (FUSAL)	Fisheries	East	1,542
Institution-building project for the prevention, investigation and prosecution of commercial sexual exploitation crimes against minors (National Civil Police (PNC)) (San Salvador).	Commercial sexual exploitation	Central	Institution-building
Helping to eradicate the worst forms of child labour (COMUS), Usulután.	Fisheries	East	70
Preventing commercial sexual exploitation in the city of San Salvador. (CONAMUS)	Commercial sexual exploitation	Central	200
Care for and withdrawal of victims of commercial sexual exploitation in the city of San Miguel. (PADECOMSM)	Commercial sexual exploitation	East	32
Preventing the phenomenon of child commercial sexual exploitation in the urban area of the city of San Miguel. (ISNA)	Commercial sexual exploitation	East	Institution-building
Eradication of child labour in Barranca Honda refuse tip in the municipality of Chalchuapa, department of Santa Ana. (Fundación Nehemías)	Refuse tips	West	40
Care for children in situations of child commercial sexual exploitation in the municipality of San Salvador and its surroundings (ISDEMU)	Commercial sexual exploitation	Central	35
Gradual eradication of child labour in the waste sector within the municipalities of San Luis Talpa, department of La Paz (OEF, El Salvador).	Refuse tips	Paracentral	90
Gradual eradication of child labour in the Usulután markets. (CRS)	Markets	East
Gradual eradication of child labour in the waste sector within the municipality of Tecoluca, department of San Vicente. (OEF, El Salvador).	Refuse tips	Paracentral	68
Eradication of child labour in the sugarcane sector in the municipality of Chalchuapa, department of La Paz. (OEF, El Salvador).	Refuse tips	West	169

Source: IPEC-ILO, El Salvador.

During the development of Direct Action Projects within the framework of stage one of the Limited Duration Programme (above table), the Ministry of Employment and Social Security worked with the Implementing Agencies through its Unit for the Eradication of Child Labour (UETI) in order to achieve institutional coordination and reach out to the people who benefit from such projects. These coordination measures included the following:

Visits to the project location. Unit technicians visited the direct action projects in order to work and offer the institutional services of the Ministry of Employment and Social Security in addition to the government services offered by Members of the National Committee for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour;

Institutional backup to NGOs: to stimulate the appropriation of procedures and strategies for the eradication of child labour. Discussions and workshops were run with the participation of ILO-IPEC;

Talks with the target communities. The UETI coordinated activities with the Implementing Agencies as part of its aim of socialising the National Plan for the Eradication of the Worst Forms of Child Labour;

Celebrations for the International Day of the Child. During October 2006, the UETI, in conjunction with FUNDAZUCAR, held celebrations for the International Day of the Child in various schools at national level, with cultural, sports and recreational activities.

The Ministry of Employment and Social Security runs a training programme for Employment Inspectors with the aim of increasing the efficacy and efficiency of institutional action. The topics covered include, for example, gender equality, combating the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and systems for inspecting employment and discrimination at work.

Annex XXII sets out the topics covered in the “Continuing Development Programme for Inspectors” throughout the period 2004–2007 and the number of officials benefiting from the scheme.

F. Children belonging to minorities or indigenous groups

The National Committee for Culture and Art (CONCULTURA) has set up an Indigenous Affairs Unit, which has organised the following activities in conjunction with the Ministry of Education: the teaching of N’ahuatl in the microregion of Sonsonate, in the Municipalities of Juayúa, Nahuizalco, Salcoatitán, Santa Isabel and Ishuatán; teaching of N’ahuatl at Casas de la Cultura de Santo Domingo de Guzmán in Sonsonate, and Tacuba in Ahuachapán, an initiative of the private organization Institute for the Preservation of the N’ahuatl Language (IRIN); preparation of texts in N’ahuatl for the preservation of the language and the setting-up of clubs for N’ahuatl-speaking adults - and participation in the “Bilingual Intercultural Education in Central America” project (indigenous education).

The Ministry of Education and CONCULTURA also jointly developed the Project for Preservation of the N'ahuatl Language in El Salvador. The project basically consisted of drawing up a sociolinguistic map of El Salvador through local research; the preparation of language learning booklets; procedural guides for language teaching - and the training of teachers from 25 schools in the departments of Sonsonate and Ahuachapán.

Linguistic conferences were also held that led to new know-how and research into the language.

Achievements of the above project, which has been ongoing since 2006 with the participation of MINED, include:

a) Drawing up of a “Teacher Profile for Bilingual Intercultural Education” and “Technical-Educational Guidelines for Bilingual Intercultural Education in Central America”, awaiting approval;

b) Profile of Indigenous Peoples in El Salvador (CONCULTURA document /2004), giving information on their historical background, their current situation and their future prospects.

CONCULTURA has worked on indigenous culture with the Salvadoran Institute for Women’s Development (ISDEMU), including components of promoting identity, indigenous rights, traditional health and medicine, research and publications on indigenous matters, support for the development of indigenous women, etc.

In the area of literacy, 52% of participants in the Basic Literacy Programme for adults are women, of which a significant percentage of whom are indigenous women from the Department of Sonsonate.

An equal opportunities plan has also been developed that involves 16 municipalities from the Department of Sonsonate, where most of the indigenous population is concentrated: Sonsonate, Nahuizalco, Santo Domingo de Guzmán (which also benefits from the Solidarity Network Programme), Nahuilingo, Sonsacate, San Antonio del Monte, Acajutla, Izalco, Armenia, San Julián, Santa Isabel Ishuatán, CuisN’ahuatl, Caluco, Juayúa, Santa Catarina Masahuat and Salcoatitán.

In the area of gender equality, the Indigenous Affairs Unit is working to implement the National Women's Policy in two areas of action, namely:

The Gender Information and Indicator System: gender and equality information and indicators as established in the Fourth World Conference on Women and the Millennium Development Goals;

Institution-building: research into the situation of gender in El Salvador; changing the discriminatory practices occurring in the classroom and in community dynamics.

As far as campaigns carried out for indigenous children are concerned, CONCULTURA is developing the project “Revitalisation of the N’ahuatl language”, in conjunction with Universidad Don Bosco and MINED. The following table shows the coverage for children benefiting from the project during the reporting period.

Figure 92

Pupils benefiting by school and municipality

Year	School	Municipality	Pupils
2004	Dr. Mario Calvo Marroquín	Izalco	105
Pablo Sexto	Nahuizalco	75
2005	Dr. Mario Calvo Marroquín	Izalco	209
Cantón Quebrada Española	Izalco	72
Pablo Sexto	Nahuizalco	150
Cantón Anal Arriba	Nahuizalco	40
Caserio Santa Teresa	Armenia	73
2006	Dr. Mario Calvo Marroquín	Izalco	388
Cantón Quebrada Española	Izalco	145
Pablo Sexto	Nahuizalco	213
Cantón Anal Arriba	Nahuizalco	80
Caserio Santa Teresa	Armenia	233
Total	1783

Source: CONCULTURA

All the schools are located in the Department of Sonsonate, in the west of the country, where the highest percentage of indigenous people of nahua-pipil descent live.

On 1 February 2006, an Educational Support Committee for Indigenous Affairs was set up, which binds CONCULTURA and the Ministry of Education to ensure the education of indigenous people by drawing up a policy aiming to promote the recognition and appreciation of indigenous cultures in the country.

No data are currently available to indicate the number of indigenous minors although it is hoped to obtain information in 2008 as a result of the National Population Census of 2007.

G. Drug abuse

It is calculated that 150,000 minors between the ages of 12 and 17 consume alcohol, 110,000 tobacco and 53,000 drugs, including stimulants and tranquillizers. No up-to-date data are available on the number of these children who receive treatment, care and/or assistance to recover from alcoholism and drug addiction.

Among the dissemination and impact activities, the National Youth Secretariat organizes anti-drugs lecture cycles with the aim of teaching students to avoid taking drugs, and their consequences through education and information. The Secretariat hopes to reach out to more than 6,500 baccalaureate students in public and private schools in areas that been identified as having a high rate of drug consumption, namely San Salvador, Ilopango, Ciudad Delgado, Soyapango, San Miguel, Santa Ana and Sonsonate.

1. Tobacco and alcohol programmes

A National Drugs Commission has been set up in the country, the main function of which is to coordinate the efforts made by the various segments of society, particularly by institutions guiding members who make up the National Drugs Commission (CNA): National Council of Public Security, Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Public Security and Justice and Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare.

The following are some of the activities coordinated:

Drug prevention lectures for third-cycle and baccalaureate students; the Programme was delivered within the framework of the Social Peace Plan promoted by the President. The central theme of the lectures is “Drugs and their Effects” and they take the form of a presentation that explains to students the short- and long-term consequences of drug taking in clear and objective language with the aim of guiding them to take informed decisions that will lead them to reject drugs. A discussion space is then set up, where pupils can express their views and concerns on the topic. The programme began in July 2007 and will continue indefinitely. It is aimed at the public and private sector. Between that date and January this year, a total of 1,506 students were contacted in 10 educational establishments;

Culture of legality. This programme has been implemented since 2004 by the Ministry of Education, National Council of Public Security and National Drugs Commission, under the auspices of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Commission (CICAD/OEA). This aims to prevent violent behaviour and illicit activities such as drug use and trafficking. Its aim is to develop pro-social forms of behaviour and attitudes in third-cycle students through improved knowledge of and respect for regulations and the rule of law. During 2006, a harmonization activity was carried out to incorporate part of the contents of the Culture of Legality in the new third-cycle Social Science Curriculum. In 2007, a pilot project was carried out to adapt the programme to the community environment in high-risk communities covered by the National Council of Public Security. During the first stage of the project, 6,390 students benefited in 97 educational establishments. When the programme was adapted to the community environment, 220 young people resident in four high-risk communities were helped;

“Segundo Paso” (Second Step). This programme sets out to provide children with the fundamental skills to ensure that they grow into independent, public-spirited and understanding young people and adults. These qualities are incompatible with the taking of drugs and with violent and irresponsible behaviour. The version for preschool age children (aged 4 to 6) consists of 25 lessons covering areas such as Empathy, Dealing with Feelings and Problem Solving. Between 2005 and 2006, a pilot test was carried out in two public sector nursery schools on 127 children in the four-year old sections. The results were satisfactory because the students in the experimental group assimilated the concepts of the programme and reduced their antisocial behaviour in the classroom.

The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MSPAS), for its part, is implementing the National Plan for the Prevention of Smoking 2002–2008, the main aim of which is to prevent, detect and avoid risk and damage caused to people's health by smoking and passive smoking. One of the specific aims that the plan sets out to achieve is to prevent people starting smoking and becoming addicted, with the emphasis on children and adolescents.

As part of the Plan strategy, work is being carried out to incorporate the topic of the prevention of smoking into the school curriculum and at all academic levels of teaching.

Within the framework of the Plan, the MSPAS, working in coordination with some universities and the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO), is developing various research studies aimed at determining the prevalence of smoking in school-age adolescents and the adult population.

The MSPAS is including the specific topic of alcoholism in its Men’s Health Programme, which is aimed not only at the adult population but also at young people. It assists people between the ages of 15 and 59. This programme offers information, education and communication activities to assist teetotallers and occasional drinkers. When chronic drinkers are identified, the programme works through individual therapy and group sessions.

H. Street children

According to a survey carried out in 2006, the ISNA identified a total of 272 street children, falling into three categories: living on the street, taking to the streets and being financially exploited on the street. To deal with this problem ISNA runs a specialist protection Centre known as the Social Integration Centre for Children and Adolescents (CISNA). The purpose of this Centre is to eradicate the problem of children and adolescents living on the street by means of a process of helping them to build a life plan.

The types of care offered by the centre are as follows: psychological and social care, de-toxication, health, legal aid, formal education, recreation and sport, family and community, vocational training, spirituality, arts and culture. The main strategy is based on creating a friendly environment for children and adolescents that allows them to stay and get involved in the various activities of this care model. The centre also seeks to involve the family directly in the process of reintegrating their sons and daughters. The activities that ISNA carries out for these children also helps encourage new commitments and action with public and private bodies associated with this problem. The centre also carries out educational campaigns through various mass media in order to make society in general aware of its direct involvement with victims of this situation. The ISNA also works in coordination with NGOs such as the Fundación Dolores Medina, City Hall Metropolitan Agents Corps and the National Civil Police. The ISNA currently employs a staff of 80 people to help street children.

I. Prevention of violence against minors

With regard to the prevention of offences against children and adolescents, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic has signed cooperative agreements with UNICEF, the El Salvador International Plan and ActionAid El Salvador in order to implement the following project through its Multidisciplinary Support Unit: “Training of Young Educators for the Prevention of Violence and Construction of a Culture of Peace”. This project is aimed at adolescents and involves the teaching of modules on domestic violence and the construction of male and female identity based on gender theory with the aim of improving family relationships and minimizing violence against women, children and adolescents. One of the aims of this project is to make the target population aware of the legal resources that protect them, the appropriate mechanisms for filing a complaint and the governmental and non-governmental departments that should be contacted when they become victims of such crimes.

With the same idea of preventing violence and applying a gender equality approach, a prevention programme was drawn up in conjunction with ISNA aimed at parents. The aim of this is to provide information on crimes committed against women and children and also to provide certain tools for recognizing signs of ill-treatment, the cycle of violence and prevention mechanisms. The projects have been run in various stages since 2002. They were run in the following municipalities during 2005: Tejutepeque, Jiquilisco, Concepción Batres, Tecoluca, Acajutla, Comasagua, Nuevo Cuscatlán and San Salvador. A target group of 245 young people and 121 adults has benefited from the programme. Other violence prevention programmes are described in annex XXIII.

The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic’s Women and Children's Unit and the Multidisciplinary Support Unit took part in dissemination activities with the aim of eradicating and punishing violence against women during national violence prevention fairs, and also in various activities carried out by the Network against Gender Violence. With the cooperation of private and public bodies, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic has drawn up a paper on the femicide situation in El Salvador. The paper contains a statistical analysis of cases of deaths of women and girls and emphasizes the importance of focusing efforts on keeping a detailed register of factors associated with this phenomenon that will make it possible to recognize and raise the profile of female murder cases, taking as a starting point the level of violence that accompanies the committing of such crimes. It also emphasizes the importance of reflecting on the cultural practices or patterns of teaching handed down from generation to generation that promote violent behaviour and differential gender-related socialization, which often make it impossible to develop forms of cohabitation based on mutual respect, tolerance and esteem of others.

The Office of the Public Prosecutor of the Republic recognises that crimes against life committed against victims under 18 years of age constitute the most serious cases of violence against children and adolescents in El Salvador.

J. Missing children

With regards to missing children, the State set up an Inter-Institutional Commission to search for children who disappeared owing to armed conflict in El Salvador, through Executive Order No 45 of 5 October 2004. This began work on 13 June 2005, with the aim of cooperating with public institutions with involvement in or responsibility for child protection in the quest for children who were involuntarily separated from their families during that period in El Salvador. The Commission is made up of the following state institutions: Ministry of External Relations, which acts as the coordinator, Ministry of Government, Ministry of National Defence, National Civil Police, Institute for Full Development of Children and Adolescents, the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Office of the Attorney General. In accordance with Article 4 of the Executive Order mentioned above, the Inter-Institutional Search Commission can also call on the cooperation and backup of other public institutions to help achieve its goal, such as the Supreme Court of Justice, the Public Prosecutor's Office for the Protection of Human Rights and also private institutions set up to achieve the aims of this Commission.

A first draft of the rules of procedure was discussed within the commission; an Operational Team Action Plan was discussed with the aim of starting ongoing field activities; work was completed on drawing up an Action Plan 2005 and the work carried out by the Commission was published on a website: www.comisiondebusqueda.gob.sv. This informs users of the Commission’s structure and organization, human rights law, news, links for search submissions and requests and essential contact details in addition to participating institutions. On the basis of this, an Action Plan is drawn up every year, relating to the activities carried out by the Commission.

As far as field activities are concerned, the investigative team is made up of a psychologist, a social worker, three investigators and a solicitor. A logistical plan has been developed for collecting data, including the processing of special files for obtaining specific data, the planning of field trips and meetings when experiences gained as a result of the various forms of fieldwork are compared to establish progress in cases. The Commission is supported by the Department of Human Rights, which is a member of the Ministry of External Relations General Directorate of Legal Affairs and Human Rights and acts as its Secretariat. The fieldwork includes interviews with the civilian population and also with serving and retired military personnel, with state officials, with officials of national and international institutions, such as the Salvadoran Red Cross and the International Red Cross and Committee, from which valuable and important information has been obtained.

The National Civil Registry (RNPN) offers significant help in resolving cases assigned to it because it provides data on people related to case investigations, which makes it easier to locate them so that the relevant interviews can be carried out. As far as documentary investigations are concerned, visits have been carried out, obtaining access to the archives of various state institutions and mass media, where valuable information has been found and even photographs in some cases. Special emphasis must be placed on the conscientious and effective work being carried out by the Inter-Institutional Commission to search for children who disappeared owing to armed conflict. The first case resolved by the above commission was at the beginning of March 2006, the day young Teresa de Jesús Hernández was reunited with her biological family after 24 years of separation. This reunion took place on 19 March in 2006, in Canton San José, Department of Chalatenango. It should also be stated that as a gesture of goodwill and as part of a token action, the State gave Ms Hernández a house on 27 March of the same year, in a place known as Villa Lourdes.

Before each reunion, psychological preparation visits were carried out with the biological families and the young people who had been found with the aim of clearing up any doubts and establishing the expectations of everyone involved. Publication of the reunions between young people and their biological families has made it possible to bring the work carried out by the Search Commission to public attention. The Commission is nevertheless very respectful of the wishes of the families and young people and it leaves it up to them to decide whether their case should be publicized or not. Various search requests have been received for cases relating to the armed conflict and also missing children cases that occurred during the period of conflict but were not directly related to it. The Commission nevertheless willingly cooperated in the investigation of such cases and in bringing them to a happy ending.

The achievements of the Inter-Institutional Commission to search for children who disappeared owing to armed conflict since it first started work may be measured by its initial result of 46 cases resolved, which have led to 22 reunions taking place.

ANEXOS

ANEXO I

POBLACIÓN INFANTIL DE EL SALVADOR

El salvador: población total por sexo, según grupos de edad, 2004

(Total país)

Grupos de edad	Total	Género
Hombre	Mujer
TOTAL	2.745.164	1,396,233	1,348,931
0 - 4	696.964	348,759	348,205
5 - 9	818.979	421,232	397,747
10 - 14	784.268	401,488	382,780
15 - 17	444.953	224,754	220,199

El salvador: población total por sexo, según grupos de edad, 2004

(Total país urbano)

Grupos de edad	Total	Género
Hombre	Mujer
TOTAL	1.496.736	755.931	740.805
0 - 4	387.078	192.591	194.487
5 - 9	444.438	227.096	217.342
10 - 14	421.311	217.317	203.994
15 - 17	243.909	118.927	124.982

El salvador: población total por sexo, según grupos de edad, 2004

(Total país rural)

Grupos de edad	Total	Género
Hombre	Mujer
TOTAL	1,248,428	640.302	608.126
0 - 4	309,886	156.168	153.718
5 - 9	374,541	194.136	180.405
10 - 14	362,957	184.171	178.786
15 - 17	201,044	105.827	95.217

El salvador: población total por sexo, según grupos de edad, 2005

(Total país)

Grupos de edad	Total	Género
Hombre	Mujer
Total	2.796.960	1.432.436	1.364.524
0 - 4	680.638	353.854	326.784
5 - 9	853.041	436.769	416.272
10 - 14	811.410	413.406	398.004
15 - 17	451.871	228.407	223.464

El salvador: población total por sexo, según grupos de edad, 2005

(Total país urbano)

Grupos de edad	Total	Género
Hombre	Mujer
Total	1.525.672	786.801	738.871
0 - 4	372.725	194.986	177.739
5 - 9	458.839	230.173	228.666
10 - 14	439.649	229.968	209.681
15 - 17	254.459	131.674	122.785

El salvador: población total por sexo, según grupos de edad, 2005

(Total país rural)

Grupos de edad	Total	Género
Hombre	Mujer
Total	1.271.288	645.635	625.653
0 - 4	307.913	158.868	149.045
5 - 9	394.202	206.596	187.606
10 - 14	371.761	183.438	188.323
15 - 17	197.412	96.733	100.679

ANEXO II

SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN PARA LA INFANCIA (SIPI): INDICADORES DE PROTECCIÓN (ISNA)

No.	Indicador
1	Número de niños/as y adolescentes atendidos/as con medidas de protección
2	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes atendidos/as procedentes del área urbana
3	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes atendidos/as procedentes del área rural
4	Promedio mensual de niños/as y adolescentes institucionalizados
5	Promedio mensual de niños/as y adolescentes en atención externa
6	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes con medida de colocación familiar
7	Tasa de incumplimiento de medida, deserción o fuga
8	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes que ingresan
9	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes que reingresan
10	Tiempo promedio en meses de niños/as y adolescentes atendidos/as con medida de institucionalización
11	Promedio mensual de de niños/as y adolescentes trasladados a ONG's
12	Edad promedio de niños/as y adolescentes atendidos/as
13	Edad promedio de los niños y adolescentes atendidos con medidas de protección
14	Edad promedio de las niñas y adolescentes atendidas con medidas de protección
15	Promedio mensual de casos de niñas y adolescentes atendidos/as en con medidas de Protección
16	Porcentajes de niños/as y adolescentes que ingresan y reingresan provenientes del AMSS
17	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes que no tienen madre
18	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes que no tienen padre
19	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes atendidos/as en situación de pobreza
20	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes que ingresan con señales de algún tipo de daño físico
21	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes que ingresan y reingresan con medida provisional
22	Porcentaje de niños/as y adolescentes que ingresan y reingresan con medida definitiva
23	Porcentaje de niños y adolescentes atendidos >7 con medidas de protección que no tienen escolaridad

Indicadores Prevención y Educación Inicial (ISNA)

Nro.	Indicador
1	Promedio de niños/as atendidos en el año por Centro de Atención Inicial (CAI) a nivel nacional por mes
2	Porcentaje de niños/as atendidos por CAI a nivel urbano
3	Porcentaje de niños/as atendidos por CENTROS DE BIENESTAR INFANTIL (CBI) a nivel rural
4	Promedio de niños/as atendidos por CBI
5	Promedio de niños/as atendidos por Centros de Desarrollo Integral (CDI)
6	Promedio de niños atendidos por CAI
7	Promedio de niñas atendidos por CAI
8	Porcentaje de niños/as graduados o egresados por centro
9	Tasa de deserción
10	Porcentaje de niños/as que reingresan por centro
11	Porcentaje de niños/as con control médico
12	Porcentaje de niños/as con esquema de vacunación completo
13	Desnutrición global (peso por edad) de niños/as por centro
14	Desnutrición aguda (peso por talla) de niños/as por centro
15	Desnutrición crónica (baja talla por edad) de niños/as por centro
16	Retraso en el desarrollo de la habilidad motora gruesa por centro
17	Retraso en el desarrollo de la habilidad motora fina por centro
18	Retraso en el desarrollo de la habilidad cognoscitiva por centro
19	Retraso en el desarrollo de la habilidad de lenguaje por centro
20	Retraso en el desarrollo de la habilidad socioafectiva por centro
21	Retraso en el desarrollo de la hábitos por centro
22	Contribución familiar
23	Participación familiar
24	Permanencia de madres cuidadoras
25	Porcentaje de madres cuidadoras escolarizadas superior a la primaria
26	Cobertura de apoyo técnico institucional
27	Porcentaje de centros de propiedad comunal
28	Porcentaje de centros de propiedad del ISNA
29	Porcentaje de centros de propiedad municipal
30	Acceso de agua
31	Acceso a servicio sanitario

Indicadores Reeducativos, Adolescentes y Jóvenes en Conflicto con la Ley Penal Juvenil (ISNA)

No.	Indicador
1	Número de jóvenes atendidos/as con medidas de reeducación en el periodo
2	Porcentaje de jóvenes atendidos/as procedentes del área urbana
3	Porcentaje de jóvenes atendidos/as procedentes del área rural
4	Promedio mensual de jóvenes institucionalizados
5	Promedio mensual de jóvenes en atención externa
6	Tasa de deserción o fuga
7	Porcentaje de jóvenes que ingresan
8	Porcentaje de jóvenes que reingresan
9	Tiempo promedio en meses de jóvenes atendidos/as con medida de institucionalización
10	Edad promedio de los/as jóvenes atendidos/as
11	Edad promedio de los jóvenes atendidos
12	Edad promedio de las jóvenes atendidas
13	Promedio mensual de casos de jóvenes varones atendidos en con medidas de reeducación
14	Promedio mensual de casos de jóvenes mujeres atendidas en con medidas de reeducación
15	Porcentajes de jóvenes que ingresan y reingresan provenientes del AMSS
16	Porcentaje de jóvenes que no tienen madre
17	Porcentaje de jóvenes que no tienen padre
18	Porcentaje de jóvenes atendidos/as en situación de pobreza
19	Porcentaje de jóvenes que ingresan con señales de algún tipo de daño físico
20	Porcentaje de jóvenes que ingresan y reingresan con medida provisional
21	Porcentaje de jóvenes que ingresan y reingresan con medida definitiva
22	Porcentaje de jóvenes atendidos/as con medidas de reeducación que no tienen escolaridad
23	Porcentaje de jóvenes varones atendidos con medidas de reeducación que no tienen escolaridad
24	Porcentaje de jóvenes mujeres con medidas de reeducación que no tienen escolaridad

Fuente: Sistema de Información para la Infancia (SIPI) ISNA

Anexo III

PRESENCIA DEL ISNA A NIVEL NACIONAL

ANEXO IV

TRATAMIENTO DE LOS CRÍMENES SEXUALES

Los detalles del tratamiento de los crímenes sexuales en los tribunales de paz, de instrucción y de sentencia en los años 2004 a 2006 se presentan en los cuadros siguientes:

Datos estadísticos de causas con menores victimas por delitos relativos a explotación sexual y abusos sexuales en los 24 juzgados de paz que disponen de sistema de seguimiento de expedientes

Delito	Totales	Año 2004	Año 2005	Año 2006
Totales	735	232	218	285
Promedio de los 24 juzgados con sistemas de Seguimiento de expedientes	31	10	9	12
Acoso Sexual	131	57	33	41
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz	118	34	40	44
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz Agravada	35	16	7	12
Corrupción de Menores e Incapaces	8	6	2	-
Determinación a la Prostitución	4	1	3	-
Estupro	70	36	13	21
Estupro por Prevalimiento	17	2	5	10
Inducción, Promoción y Favorecimiento de Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	16	6	8	2
Inducción, Promoción y Favorecimiento de la Prostitución	21	7	11	3
Pornografía	4	-	-	4
Posesión de Pornografía	1	1	-	-
Remuneración por Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	1	-	1	-
Utilización de Menores con Fines Pornográficos y Exhibicionistas	11	6	-	5
Violación	11	2	2	7
Violación Agravada	17	6	9	2
Violación en Menor o Incapaz	170	20	62	88
Violación en Menor o Incapaz Agravada	30	7	10	13
Violación y Agresión Sexual Agravada	70	25	12	33

Datos estadísticos de causas con menores victimas en delitos relativos a explotación sexual y abusos sexuales por tipo de resoluciónen los 24 juzgados de paz que disponen de sistema de seguimiento de expedientes

Resolución	Totales	Año 2004	Año 2005	Año 2006
TOTALES	732	231	217	284
PROMEDIO DE LOS 24 JUZGADOS CON SISTEMAS DE SEGUIMIENTO DE EXPEDIENTES	31	10	9	12
ARCHIVAR EL PROCESO	1	-	-	1
AUTORIZA CONCILIACIÓN	5	3	1	1
DECLARATORIA DE FALTA	4	1	3	-
DECRETA DESESTIMACIÓN	8	6	-	2
EXTINCIÓN DE LA ACCIÓN PENAL	1	-	-	1
NULIDAD ABSOLUTA	1	-	-	1
ORDENA INSTRUCCIÓN CON DETENCIÓN PROVISIONAL	280	81	92	107
ORDENA INSTRUCCIÓN CON MEDIDA CAUTELAR SUSTITUTIVA	56	20	19	17
ORDENA INSTRUCCIÓN SIN DETENCIÓN PROVISIONAL	51	15	18	18
PERDÓN JUDICIAL	2	2	-	-
SENTENCIA CONDENATORIA EN PROCEDIMIENTO ABREVIADO	9	4	3	2
SOBRESEIMIENTO DEFINITIVO	85	26	19	40
SOBRESEIMIENTO PROVISIONAL	228	73	61	94
SUSPENSIÓN CONDICIONAL DEL PROCEDIMIENTO	1	-	1	-

Datos estadísticos de causas con menores victimas por delitos relativos a explotación sexual y abusos sexuales en los 30 juzgados de instrucción que disponen de sistema de seguimiento de expedientes

Delito	Totales	Año 2004	Año 2005	Año 2006
Totales	1184	382	366	436
Promedio de los 24 juzgados con sistemas de seguimiento de expedientes	39	13	12	15
Acoso Sexual	162	63	48	51
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz	334	117	112	105
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz Agravada	123	43	36	44
Corrupción de Menores e Incapaces	6	3	3	-
Estupro	29	15	7	7
Estupro por Prevalimiento	28	5	4	19
Inducción, Promoción y Favorecimiento de Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	3	-	3	-
Inducción, Promoción y Favorecimiento de la Prostitución	16	3	5	8
Inducción, Promoción, Favorecimiento de Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	1	-	-	1
Pornografía	4	3	-	1
Remuneración por Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	6	-	-	6
Remuneración por Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	1	-	-	1
Utilización de Menores con Fines Pornográficos y Exhibicionistas	5	-	-	5
Violación en Menor o Incapaz	272	60	94	118
Violación en Menor o Incapaz Agravada	125	41	35	49
Violación y Agresión Sexual Agravada	69	29	19	21

Datos estadisticos de causas con menores victimas por delitos relativos a explotación sexual y abusos sexuales en los 8 tribunales de sentencia que disponen de sistema de seguimiento de expedientes

Delito	Totales	Año 2004	Año 2005	Año 2006
Totales	442	11	84	347
Promedio de los 24 juzgados con sistemas de seguimiento de expedientes	15	0	3	12
Acoso Sexual	37	1	7	29
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz	102	1	15	86
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz Agravada	34	-	7	27
Corrupción de Menores e Incapaces	1	-	-	1
Determinación a la Prostitución	1	-	-	1
Estupro	2	-	1	1
Estupro por Prevalimiento	1	-	-	1
Exhibiciones Obscenas	1	-	-	1
Oferta y Demanda de Prostitución Ajena	2	-	2	-
Otras Agresiones Sexuales	6	-	1	5
Otras Agresiones Sexuales Agravada	8	-	2	6
Violación	14	-	3	11
Violación Agravada	23	1	2	20
Violación en Menor o Incapaz Agravada	52	-	10	42
Violación y Agresión Sexual Agravada	46	4	14	28

Datos sobre delitos contra la libertad sexual, fiscalía General de la República, 2006

Tipo de delito	Edad de la víctima y número de casos	Total
0-10 años	11-18 años
Violación	66	208	274
Violación en Menor o Incapaz	122	332	454
Otras Agresiones Sexuales	49	79	128
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz	264	152	416
Violación y Agresión Sexual Agravada	7	14	21
Estupro	1	164	165
Estupro por Prevalimiento	0	6	6
Acoso Sexual	28	150	178
Acto Sexual Diverso	1	0	1
Corrupción de Menores e Incapaces	1	10	11
Corrupción Agravada	1	0	1
Inducción, Promoción y Favorecimiento de Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	1	33	34
Inducción, Promoción y Favorecimiento de la Prostitución	2	14	16
Determinación a la Prostitución	0	12	12
Exhibiciones Obscenas	17	22	39
Pornografía	1	3	4
Utilización de Personas Menores de Dieciocho Años e Incapaces	0	3	3
Utilización de Menores con Fines Pornográficos y Exhibicionistas	0	1	1
Violación Agravada	6	49	55
Violación en Grado de Tentativa	3	15	18
Violación en Menor o Incapaz Agravada	15	32	47
Violación en Menor o Incapaz en Grado de Tentativa	2	6	8
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz Agravada	22	10	32
Remuneración por Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	0	1	1
Oferta y Demanda de Prostitución Ajena	0	2	2
Posesión de Pornografía	0	0	0
Otras Agresiones Sexuales Agravadas	1	7	8
Violación Agravada en Grado de Tentativa	1	12	13
Abusos deshonestos	1	0	1
Violación Agravada en Menor o Incapaz	14	34	48
Complicidad en el Delito de Violación	0	1	1
Total	626	1372	1998

ANEXO V

TIPOS PENALES EN LOS CUALES SE SANCIONA CON PENAS PRIVATIVAS DE LIBERTAD LA IRRESPONSABILIDAD PATERNA (CÓDIGO PENAL)

Artículo 199

Abandono y desamparo de personas

El que teniendo deber legal de velar por un menor de 18 años o una persona incapaz de proveerse por sí misma, los abandonare poniendo en peligro su vida o su integridad personal, o los colocare en situación de desamparo, será sancionado con prisión de uno a tres años.

Artículo 200

Violencia intrafamiliar

Cualquier familiar que, según el alcance de la Ley contra la violencia intrafamiliar, que ejerciere violencia en cualquier forma de las señaladas en el artículo 3 del mismo cuerpo legal, será sancionado con prisión de uno a tres años.

Artículo 201

Incumplimiento de los deberes de asistencia económica

Toda persona sujeta al pago de la obligación alimenticia en virtud de sentencia definitiva ejecutoriada, resolución de la Procuraduría General de la República, convenio celebrado ante esta o fuera de ella, que deliberadamente la incumpliera, será sancionada de 24 a 48 fines de semana de arresto.

Artículo 202

Separación indebida de menor o incapaz

El que teniendo a su cargo la crianza o educación de un menor de edad o incapaz, lo entregare a un tercero o a un establecimiento público sin la anuencia de quien se lo hubiere confiado o de la autoridad en su defecto, será sancionado con prisión de seis meses a un año.

Artículo 203

Inducción al abandono

El que indujere a un menor de 18 años de edad a abandonar la casa de sus padres, tutores o encargados del cuidado personal, será sancionado con prisión de seis meses a un año.

Artículo 204

Maltrato infantil

El que maltratare a una persona menor de edad, con evidente perjuicio físico, moral o psicológico, será sancionado con prisión de uno a tres años, siempre que no constituyere un delito más grave.

Igual sanción se aplicará a cualquier persona que con abuso de los medios de corrección, causare perjuicio a una persona menor de edad que se hallare sometido a su autoridad, educación, cuidado o vigilancia, o que se encontrare bajo su dirección con motivo de su profesión u oficio.

Artículo 205

Explotación de la mendicidad

El que utilizare o prestare a un menor de 18 años de edad para la práctica de la mendicidad, será sancionado con 15 a 30 jornadas semanales de trabajo de utilidad pública.

Si para este mismo fin se traficare con menores de 18 años, se empleare con ellos violencia o se les suministrare sustancias perjudiciales para la salud, la sanción será de uno a tres años de prisión.

ANEXO VI

DATOS ESTADÍSTICOS DE LA FISCALÍA GENERAL DE LA REPÚBLICA SOBRE LOS DELITOS RELATIVOS A LAS RELACIONES FAMILIARES

	Edad de las víctimas y número de delitos	Total
0-10 años	11-18 años
Año 2004
Suplantación y Alteración de Estado Familiar	4	0	4
Alteración de Filiación	0	0	0
Abandono y Desamparo de Persona	138	25	163
Violencia Intrafamiliar	33	105	138
Incumplimiento de los Deberes de Asistencia Económica	538	198	736
Separación Indebida de Menor o Incapaz	2	1	3
Inducción al Abandono	0	51	51
Maltrato Infantil	227	95	322
Explotación de la Mendicidad	5	1	6
Total	947	476	1.423
Año 2005
Suplantación y Alteración de Estado Familiar	1	0	1
Alteración de Filiación	1	0	1
Abandono y Desamparo de Persona	137	18	155
Violencia Intrafamiliar	42	109	151
Incumplimiento de los Deberes de Asistencia Económica	504	192	696
Separación Indebida de Menor o Incapaz	1	1	2
Inducción al Abandono	1	51	52
Maltrato Infantil	326	205	531
Explotación de la Mendicidad	3	0	3
Total	1.016	577	1.593
Año 2006 (Hasta el mes de agosto)
Suplantación y Alteración de Estado Familiar	0	0	0
Alteración de Filiación	3	1	4
Abandono y Desamparo de Persona	55	22	77
Violencia Intrafamiliar	18	63	81
Incumplimiento de los Deberes de Asistencia Económica	192	80	272
Separación Indebida de Menor o Incapaz	2	0	2
Inducción al Abandono	4	25	29
Maltrato Infantil	156	114	270
Abuso del Derecho de Corrección	0	1	1
Explotación de la Mendicidad	2	0	2
Total	432	306	738

ANEXO VII

NIÑOS Y NIÑAS VÍCTIMAS DE AGRESIÓN SEXUAL Y MALTRATO ATENDIDOSPOR EL ISDEMU

A. 2004

Edad	Agresión Sexual	Maltrato a la Niñez
Femenino	Porcentaje	Masculino	Porcentaje	Femenino	Porcentaje	Masculino	Porcentaje	Total:
0-1	6	1,49%	1	1,20%	131	10,18%	78	6,98%	216
2-5	50	12,38%	31	37,35%	131	10,18%	155	13,86%	367
6-9	72	17,82%	34	40,96%	265	20,59%	315	28,18%	686
10-13	130	32,18%	15	18,07%	346	26,88%	371	33,18%	862
14-17	146	36,14%	2	2,41%	414	32,17%	199	17,80%	761
Total:	404		83		1,287		1,118		2,892

B. 2005

Edad	Agresión Sexual	Maltrato a la Niñez
Femenino	Porcentaje	Masculino	Porcentaje	Femenino	Porcentaje	Masculino	Porcentaje	Total :
0-1			2	3,51%	17	1,55%	21	2,01%	40
2-5	21	6,18%	14	24,56%	121	11,06%	107	10,22%	263
6-9	54	15,88%	15	26,32%	258	23,58%	323	30,85%	650
10-13	92	27,06%	22	38,60%	304	27,79%	367	35,05%	785
14-17	173	50,88%	4	7,02%	394	36,01%	229	21,87%	800
Total:	340		57		1.094		1.047		2.538

ANEXO VIII

BENEFICIARIOS DE ACTIVIDADES DE APOYO INDIVIDUAL Y GRUPAL PARA VÍCTIMAS DE VIOLENCIA INTRAFAMILIAR

Año	Individuales	Grupales
Femenino	Masculino	Total	Femenino	Masculino	Total
Año 2004	315	279	594	1.824	1.679	3503
Año 2005	1.053	884	1937	1.287	1.077	2364
Año 2006	3.532	2.231	5763	2.683	1.777	4460
Total	4.900	3.394	8294	5.794	4.533	10327

Fuente: ISDEMU

ANEXO IX

DESNUTRICIÓN Y ANEMIA

Tendencia de la prevalencia nacional de desnutrición en niños y niñas menores de 5 años

Año	Retardo en crecimiento (Talla para la edad)	Bajo peso (peso para la edad)	Delgadez (peso para la talla)
1988	31,7	16,1	2,1
1993	22,8	11,2	1,3
1998	23,3	11,8	1,1
2002/03	18,9	10,3	1,4

Prevalencia nacional de anemia en niños y niñas menores de 5 años

Año	Anemia (Hb < 11mg/dl)
1998	18.9
2002/03	19.8

ANEXO X

REVISIÓN “PLUS 5” DE LA APLICACIÓN DE COMPROMISOS DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN DEL DOCUMENTO "UN MUNDO APROPIADO PARA LOS NIÑOS"

A. Introducción

La Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, congregada en período extraordinario de sesiones en mayo de 2002, aprobó el documento de resultados titulado "Un mundo apropiado para los niños". En él se retoman, como un todo, los compromisos adquiridos en la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, en la Cumbre Mundial en favor de la Infancia (1990) y en la Cumbre del Milenio (2000), y se establece un conjunto coherente de metas y objetivos intermedios en el curso del decenio 2000-2010 para ciertas esferas de acción prioritarias.

El Salvador es signatario de estos cuatro Acuerdos mencionados (1989, 1990, 2000 y 2002), y como tal se ha comprometido a) a realizar “...exámenes periódicos, en los planos nacional y subnacional, de los progresos alcanzados a fin de hacer frente a los obstáculos y acelerar los avances de forma más eficaz” y b) a presentar información al Comité de Derechos del Niño “...sobre las medidas adoptadas y los resultados obtenidos” en la aplicación del Plan de Acción del documento "Un mundo apropiado para los niños" (en lo sucesivo denominado PA-MAN) (2002).

El presente informe pretende a) mostrar la evolución alcanzada por El Salvador en su proceso hacia el cumplimiento de los objetivos y metas establecidos en el Plan de Acción, poniendo especial énfasis en el último período 2000-2005, b) presentar conclusiones y recomendaciones acerca de algunos aspectos de dicho proceso, y c) contribuir de esta manera a la elaboración por parte del Gobierno de El Salvador del informe de país que remitirá al Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas y a la sede central del Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF).

Es importante mencionar que el país ha sufrido la destrucción que ocasionaron los dos terremotos de enero y febrero de 2001, así como del huracán Stan que afectó al país en el 2005. Estos desastres naturales ocasionaron daños en el país que trajeron consigo en algunos casos, una desaceleración en los indicativos y recursos para reducir la pobreza y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la población en áreas como educación, salud, entre otros, ya que se utilizó el máximo de recursos para palear las necesidades inmediatas de la población afectada por estos desastres naturales, así como su inmediata reinserción en la actividad productiva y social del país, y a reconstrucción de la infraestructura dañada.

Para la elaboración de este informe se utilizaron las siguientes fuentes de información:

Encuesta de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples (EHPM) bajo la responsabilidad de la Dirección General de Estadística y Censos (DIGESTYC);

Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar (FESAL), bajo la responsabilidad de la Asociación Demográfica Salvadoreña (ADS);

Unidad de Información en Salud, de la Dirección de Planificación en Salud, del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MSPAS)

Programa Nacional de Control y Prevención de ITS/VIH/SIDA del MSPAS.

Publicaciones oficiales del MSPAS;

Publicaciones oficiales del Ministerio de Educación (MINED)

Ministerio de Hacienda de El Salvador;

Sistema de Información para la Infancia (SIPI) del Instituto Salvadoreño para el Desarrollo Integral de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (ISNA.

Adicionalmente se realizaron consultas con personal autorizado de algunas de las instituciones mencionadas tales como EHPM, FESAL, SIPI y con oficiales especializados de UNICEF y PNUD.

B. Principales Acciones

A continuación se presentan de manera resumida las más importantes acciones, iniciativas y cambios, impulsados por el Estado de El Salvador para fortalecer y consolidar el proceso hacia el cumplimiento de objetivos y metas del PA-MAN.

1. Proceso de Formulación del Anteproyecto de Ley de Protección Integral de la Niñez y la Adolescencia

El Gobierno de El salvador en coordinación con la Comisión Coordinadora del Sector Justicia/UTE, el UNICEF y otras entidades de gobierno están elaborando, a través de un proceso participativo, un anteproyecto de Ley de Protección Integral de la Niñez y la Adolescencia .

Como antecedentes de este esfuerzo se tienen el Plan Nacional de Acción para la Infancia 2001-2010 y el Anteproyecto de Ley de Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia

2. Ley de Prevención y Control de la Infección Provocada por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana

La ley tiene por objeto prevenir, controlar y regular la atención de la infección causada por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, y establecer las obligaciones de las personas portadoras del virus y definir de manera general la Política Nacional de Atención Integral ante el VIH/SIDA. Además garantiza los derechos individuales y sociales de las personas viviendo con el VIH/SIDA.

Los principios rectores de la ley son la no discriminación, confidencialidad, continuidad, integridad, calidad, calidez, equidad, información y la corresponsabilidad; sin perjuicio de los derechos establecidos en la Constitución y en los tratados internacionales que en materia de salud y derechos humanos, haya suscrito y ratificado el país.

La ley cuenta con el respectivo reglamento para asegurar su aplicación.

El Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y VIH-SIDA del MSPAS, asume la misión bajo la cual ha sido creada la ley y el reglamento, y funciona como una instancia del sector salud, cuyo propósito es prevenir las ITS/VIH/SIDA y garantizar la promoción y atención eficaz y oportuna a las personas afectadas, facilitando para ello el acceso y uso de los servicios de salud en coordinación y cooperación interinstitucional e interagencial involucrando a todos los sectores de la población.

La Ley subraya la necesidad de informar sobre el desarrollo de la epidemia y de controlar los casos detectados.

3. Plan Nacional de Educación 2021

En marzo 2005 se da inicio al Plan Nacional de Educación 2021, el cual se proyecta hacia el largo plazo y define sus propios objetivos, líneas estratégicas y políticas principales. El Plan 2021 parte de reconocer que la actual inversión pública en educación resulta relativamente baja en el contexto internacional, y que su incremento dependerá del crecimiento futuro del PIB así como de la capacidad de recaudación e inversión del sector público.

Para impulsarlo se han creado 10 programas:

EDUCAME, cuyo propósito es flexibilizar la oferta de los servicios educativos en Tercer Ciclo y Bachillerato, por medio de la implementación de nuevas modalidades de atención y de entrega de los mismos, a fin de disminuir la sobre-edad y reintegrar al sistema educativo a jóvenes que interrumpieron su formación académica;

PODER, ejecutado para fomentar el cultivo de actitudes positivas y la libertad para tomar decisiones responsables en los jóvenes estudiantes de Tercer Ciclo y Bachillerato, mediante actividades extracurriculares basadas en cinco principios elementales: participación, oportunidades, desarrollo, educación y recreación;

MEGATEC, cuyo propósito es diseñar y poner en marcha una alternativa educativa moderna, que aproveche y potencie la educación media técnica y superior tecnológica para formar capital humano que dinamice el desarrollo productivo regional;

COMPRENDO, su finalidad es mejorar las capacidades de razonamiento y análisis matemático, así como las competencias de comprensión y expresión del lenguaje en los niños y las niñas de primer ciclo de educación básica, como base para lograr mayor éxito escolar;

REDES ESCOLARES EFECTIVAS, tiene como propósito mejorar la eficiencia en la provisión de los servicios educativos y lograr que los niños y los jóvenes de zonas de mayor pobreza y de mayor rezago educativo tengan acceso a una educación de calidad;

CONÉCTATE, cuyo objetivo es proveer al Sistema Educativo Nacional herramientas tecnológicas que mejoren los niveles de calidad académica y que desarrollen, en los estudiantes, las competencias tecnológicas que exige el ámbito laboral actual, lo que permitirá elevar el nivel de competitividad del país;

COMPITE, programa creado para desarrollar las competencias de los estudiantes de Tercer Ciclo de Educación Básica y Bachillerato en el manejo de la lengua inglesa. Tales competencias lingüísticas son cuatro: hablar, escuchar, leer y escribir;

EDUCACIÓN PARA LA DIVERSIDAD. Adoptará mecanismos para favorecer el acceso, la permanencia y la satisfacción de necesidades de aprendizaje de las niñas, los niños, los jóvenes y los adultos que presentan necesidades educativas especiales, ya sea que estén o no asociadas a discapacidad;

EDUCACIÓN PREESCOLAR Y BASICA EN LA RED SOLIDARIA, para mejorar y aumentar la asistencia oportuna a la educación formal a fin de aumentar la escolaridad de la población en los 100 municipios más pobres identificados en el mapa de pobreza del país;

EDUCO. Amplía la cobertura de los servicios educativos en parvularia y básica en las áreas rurales del país, especialmente las más pobres y distantes. Se basa en la creación y legalización de organizaciones de padres y madres de familia (ACE), encargadas de la administración de las transferencias del MINED y de la contratación de docentes.

4. Fondo Solidario para la Salud

El Fondo Solidario para la Salud (FOSALUD) fue creado, mediante Decreto Legislativo del 17 de diciembre de 2004, como una entidad de derecho público y utilidad pública, con personalidad jurídica, de carácter técnico, de duración indefinida y con personalidad y patrimonio propio, con plena autonomía en el ejercicio de sus funciones, tanto en lo financiero como en lo administrativo y presupuestario, con prohibición para transferir recursos, sujeto a un reglamento de ley emitido en un plazo de 120 días después de su vigencia y que está adscrito al Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social. Su Junta Directiva, presidida por el Ministro de Salud, fue instalada el 18 de Abril de 2005, y el 31 de Mayo de 2005 fue nombrado su Director Ejecutivo.

Los objetivos del Programa son: a) velar por su sostenibilidad financiera, así como por la eficiencia y eficacia, b) formular y ejecutar programas integrales que atiendan las necesidades básicas de salud de la población más vulnerable del país, en coordinación con el MSPAS, c) fomentar campañas de educación en salud, a fin de prevenir enfermedades derivadas del uso y consumo de substancias nocivas y peligrosas para la salud de las personas.

El Programa ofrece un nuevo tipo de servicio de atención integral con las siguientes características: a ) la extensión de la cobertura de promoción en salud y de atención de la consulta médica preventiva, con énfasis en el grupo materno-infantil, atención de partos de bajo riesgo y salud bucal, b) la detección, manejo de emergencias médico quirúrgicas, referencia y retorno de casos, y c) la ampliación de horarios de atención a 24 horas, en Unidades de Salud y atención en fines de semana en otras Unidades que carecen de este servicio durante el primer año.

El Programa espera obtener los siguientes resultados: a ) beneficiar a 4,299,413 habitantes, b) satisfacer a los usuarios brindando una atención con calidad y calidez, c) generar 1.586 empleos, d) mejorar el acceso al sistema público de atención en salud, e) favorecer el uso adecuado de la red de establecimientos y f) mejorar el nivel de salud de los salvadoreños. 

5. Centros de Bienestar Infantil (CBI), Centros de Desarrollo Infantil (CDI) y los Hogares de Atención Inicial (HAI) del ISNA

Estos Centros brindan servicios de salud preventiva a través de controles periódicos, de vacunación, consultas médicas y odontológicas y suplementarias de micronutrientes; así como servicios de nutrición a través de raciones diarias de almuerzo y merienda; y estimulación temprana. Actualmente el ISNA cuenta con 202 CDI que atienden a una población de 4.833 niños y niñas, 15 CDI que atienden una población de 1.245 niños y niñas y 17 HAI con alrededor de 170 niños y niñas.

6. Centros Regionales y Oficinas Locales del ISNA

Además, el ISNA cuenta con tres delegaciones regionales ubicadas en la región occidental, paracentral y oriental del país, así como con catorce oficinas locales adscritas a las tres delegaciones.

Estas oficinas locales son unidades operativas que buscan ante todo acercar el servicio de promoción de derechos y protección a la niñez y adolescencia vulnerada, en y desde la comunidad.

7. Plan Estratégico Nacional (PEN) para la Prevención, Atención y Control del VIH-SIDA e ITS 2005-2009

Este Plan Estratégico, elaborado tras una larga consulta nacional, se propone adoptar un abordaje integral, y los responsables de su implementación serán: el MSPAS, CONASIDA, Fondo Global, ONGs, el Comité Técnico Asesor y otras alianzas.

Los objetivos estratégicos del PEN son:

Coordinación de la respuesta nacional con la participación de organizaciones e instituciones gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, privadas, Personas Viviendo con VIH/SIDA (PVVS) y otros grupos;

Incremento de la oferta y cobertura de los servicios integrales de atención y prevención del VIH-SIDA e ITS en El Salvador;

Reducción de la prevalencia de VIH-SIDA e ITS a poblaciones en condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad;

Incremento de los conocimientos para la aplicación de medidas de protección, atención y control del VIH-SIDA e ITS;

Optimización del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica en VIH-SIDA e ITS para la toma de decisiones en la respuesta nacional;

Fortalecimiento del Sistema Integrado de Monitoreo y Evaluación de VIH-SIDA e ITS funcionando en El Salvador;

Incremento al respeto de los derechos humanos y la equidad de género en la prevención, atención y control del VIH-SIDA;

Aplicación de un marco legal y normativo que responda a las necesidades de la población ante el VIH-SIDA.

8. Mortalidad Materna: Línea Basal y Sistema de Vigilancia

El MSPAS y el ISSS oficializaron los resultados de la Línea Basal de Mortalidad Materna. Con ello El Salvador cuenta con un dato confiable sobre la mortalidad materna de mujeres de 10 a 54 años registrada en los 262 municipios del país. El informe cuenta con una sección especial de recomendaciones para evitar nuevas muertes maternas.

El MSPAS ha establecido un Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Mortalidad Materna, implementando una metodología innovadora a nivel de América Latina y El Caribe, asimismo ha creado la Comisión Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud Materna e Infantil que cuenta con representantes de asociaciones científicas y profesionales, de instituciones académicas y de la sociedad civil.

9. Programa Red Solidaria

El 7 de marzo de 2005 el Gobierno de El Salvador presenta oficialmente el programa Red Solidaria como una de las más importantes iniciativas en el área social, combinando el papel tradicional de protección y asistencia social con el desarrollo social, es decir, al mismo tiempo que mejora el ingreso de las familias en el corto plazo, promueve una disminución sostenible de la pobreza en el largo plazo, al mejorar las condiciones educativas y de salud de las familias. El programa Red Solidaria responde al compromiso del Gobierno de El Salvador de establecer una red de protección social para la población más pobre y cerrar las brechas geográficas, es coherente además con los esfuerzos por cumplir los objetivos de desarrollo del Milenio.

Red Solidaria atiende a la población rural de los 100 municipios más pobres de El Salvador y parte de un concepto multidimensional de la pobreza. Ésta se entiende como una condición de escasez de ingreso, así como también de falta de acceso a la educación, la salud y los servicios de infraestructura básica, tales como agua y saneamiento básico, electricidad y caminos rurales. Es decir, la pobreza se concibe como la falta de oportunidades económicas y sociales.

El Programa está diseñado como una estrategia completa, integral, de atención directa que funciona a través de tres Ejes de Intervención:

Red Solidaria a la Familia, contempla acciones focalizadas en las familias en extrema pobreza, e incluye transferencias monetarias o bonos para salud y educación a la madre de familia o responsable. Asimismo considera la corresponsabilidad de la familia para matricular y enviar a los hijos a la escuela, cumplir con los controles de crecimiento y vacunación de los menores de 5 años y controles de salud de la mujer embarazada;

Red de Servicios Básicos a través del fortalecimiento de la red de servicios de educación y salud y la mejora del acceso a servicios básicos como agua y saneamiento, electrificación, etc.;

Red de Sostenibilidad a la Familia, considera proyectos para mejorar el entorno productivo a través de diversificación de fuentes de ingreso, micro crédito, facilitar proyectos productivos, entre otros.

La meta del Programa para los próximos cuatro años es atender a 100 mil familias en extrema pobreza, a un costo de 200 millones de dólares. Para lograrlo se invertirá alrededor de 50 millones de dólarespor año. Estos fondos saldrán de cuatro fuentes: a) las asignaciones de los distintos ministerios del Gobierno de El Salvador que participan en el Programa, b) los aportes de la cooperación internacional, c) los préstamos de organismos internacionales y d) una partida específica del presupuesto nacional.

C. Recursos

Las cuentas nacionales publicadas no permiten analizar la asignación de recursos para lograr específicamente los objetivos de desarrollo del Milenio y los objetivos y metas del PA-MAN. Sin embargo se pueden realizar ciertas apreciaciones más generales respecto a los recursos públicos asignados a educación y salud, dos rubros que afectan singularmente a los derechos y a la calidad de vida de niños, niñas y adolescentes.

1. Educación

La proporción del gasto público en el ramo de Educación en relación con el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) en 1995 fue de 1,95%, y ascendió en 2006 a 2,97%; lo que significaría un incremento promedio anual de + 0,10 puntos porcentuales. Pero este ritmo general se debilitó en el segundo quinquenio 2000-2004 llegando a + 0,04 puntos anuales; dentro de este quinquenio la proporción alcanzada en 2001 (3,4%) fue debilitándose año con año hasta llegar a 3.06% en 2005.

La proporción del gasto público en el ramo de Educación en relación con el Gasto Público Total en 1995 fue de 13,56%, y ascendió en 2006 a 15,3%; lo que significaría un incremento promedio anual de 0.30 puntos porcentuales. Pero esta tendencia al crecimiento se detuvo en el segundo quinquenio 2000-2004, en el que se dio un decremento promedio de 0,15 puntos porcentuales anuales entre el año 2000 (17,28%) y el 2004 (16,8%), siendo ésta última una proporción de gasto inferior a la de 1998. Además, la conducta observada en este último quinquenio no ha sido clara: 17,28% en 2000, 19,74% en 2001, 14,02% en 2002 (inferior a la proporción del gasto de 1996), 18,8% en 2003, 16,8% en 2004 y 16,2% en el 2005.

2. Salud

La proporción del gasto público en el ramo de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social en relación con el PIB en 1995 fue de 1,29%, y ascendió en 2006 a 1,7%; lo que implicaría un incremento promedio anual de 0.02 puntos porcentuales. Pero esta leve tendencia al crecimiento se revirtió en el segundo quinquenio 2000-2004, en el que se dio un decremento promedio de 0.01 puntos porcentuales anuales entre el año 2000 (1,6%) y el 2004 (1,5%), siendo ésta última una proporción de gasto cercana a la de 1998; dentro de este quinquenio el proceso de debilitamiento fue constante, sin embargo para los años 2005 y 2006 se evidencia un incremento del gasto (1,6 y 1,7 respectivamente) lo cual podría suponer el inicio de una tendencia creciente en relación a este rubro.

La proporción del gasto público en Salud Pública y Asistencia Social en relación con el Gasto Público Total en 1995 fue de 8,98%, y en el año 2006 significó el 8,6% del presupuesto total del Estado. Esta tendencia a la baja se evidenció desde el segundo quinquenio 2000-2004, en el que se dio una reducción promedio de 0,31 puntos porcentuales anuales entre el año 2000 (9,98%) y el 2004 (8,4%), siendo ésta última una proporción de gasto inferior a la de 1995.

D. Instrumentos de seguimiento

Se presenta en esta sección un balance de las innovaciones realizadas en el período 2000-2005así como de las proyecciones para el período 2005-2010 por parte de las más importantes fuentes de información estadística del país.

1. Encuesta de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples

La Encuesta de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples (EHPM) es conducida por un equipo especializado bajo la responsabilidad de la DIGESTYC. Sus temas fundamentales son: población, educación, vivienda, empleo, ingreso y salud. Cada tema es analizado desde la perspectiva del país en general, y desde la perspectiva particular del área urbana, del área rural y del área metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS)

Innovaciones realizadas en el período 2000-2005

Financiada desde su inicio en 1975 por fondos de cooperación internacional, en 2003 la encuesta da un paso importante hacia su institucionalización al asumir el propio Gobierno de El Salvador su financiamiento en el presupuesto nacional.

Proyecciones para el período 2005-2010

La proyección fundamental de DIGESTYC para el período 2005-2010 consiste en la elaboración de las diversas secciones del nuevo censo:

El censo económico (2005-2006);

El censo de ingresos y gastos, con una nueva estructura del índice de precios (2005‑2006);

El censo de población y vivienda (2007);

El censo agropecuario (2007).

2. Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar

La Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar (FESAL) es conducida bajo la responsabilidad de la Asociación Demográfica Salvadoreña (ADS) con la participación activa del Comité Consultivo Interinstitucional (CCI) y bajo la asistencia técnica de los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) con sede en Atlanta. La encuesta, iniciada a partir de 1973, se ha llevado a cabo con una periodicidad promedio de cinco años, y pretende darle seguimiento a la evolución de los comportamientos reproductivos, de salud materna e infantil en El Salvador.

Innovaciones realizadas en el período 1998-2003:

La muestra ha sido ampliada con el objeto de poder analizar de manera diferenciada la situación en cada uno de los 14 Departamentos del país;

La investigación del componente VIH-SIDA se ha profundizado;

La investigación sobre la asistencia escolar de niños y niñas que no han cumplido los 15 años de edad ha sido incluida;

El estudio de la violencia intrafamiliar ha sido incluido;

El análisis del género masculino – con un cuestionario y una sub-muestra específicos – ha sido incluido.

Proyecciones para el período 2003-2008

Actualmente se gestiona el financiamiento necesario para mantener el tamaño de la muestra general y para aumentar el tamaño de la muestra específica para la investigación sobre el sexo masculino

3. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social

Se ha logrado que el MSPAS reciba de manera sistemática y completa la información del ISSS en materia de VIH-SIDA y de vacunación, así como la información del sector privado en materia de inmunización.

El MSPAS se encuentra en una etapa avanzada de desarrollo de un Sistema de Información que permitirá monitorear las metas institucionales por grupos de edades y áreas geográficas, e integrará en forma automatizada la información de los hospitales y de las unidades de salud

4. Sistema de Información para la Infancia

Bajo la responsabilidad del ISNA, este sistema de información colecta datos sobre niños, niñas y adolescentes atendidos por las instituciones de protección a la infancia en El Salvador, sobre sus familias y sobre los centros que los atienden; de esta manera el Sistema de Información para la Infancia (SIPI) se constituye en un sistema estadístico y de indicadores que facilita la definición de políticas institucionales, la toma de decisiones y la integración de datos que a su vez posibilitan el monitoreo del cumplimiento de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño y de los Programas que desarrolla el ISNA y otras entidades de atención a la infancia y adolescencia.

En el año 2005 el SIPI ya está preparado para iniciar la ejecución de dos innovaciones:

El procesamiento de la información desde las oficinas locales hacia la oficina central;

Ea sistematización de los programas en beneficio de los niños y adolescentes y de la cobertura de tales programas ejecutados por las Organizaciones no Gubernamentales – ONG’s – inscritas en el ISNA.

5. Proyección de Creación de una Nueva Institución Nacional Articuladora

Persisten las gestiones tendientes a crear un ente nacional de mayor nivel capaz de articular y potenciar los diversos sistemas de información vigentes en el Estado.

Se ha logrado establecer de manera conjunta la Línea de Base de la Mortalidad Materna

E. Asociaciones, alianzas y niveles de participación

Algunas de las actividades y proyecciones en el ámbito nacional que han sido señaladas arriba en las secciones 2 y 4 están construidas sobre una dinámica asociativa, que implica la creación de alianzas y una ampliación de la participación con el objeto de impulsar mejor las metas y objetivos propuestos. En esta sección se hace referencia a un proyecto que se desarrolla en el ámbito internacional.

1. Plan Subregional de Promoción de la Salud

Los países miembros de RESSCAD, las Repúblicas de Belice, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá y República Dominicana, han suscrito este Plan Subregional para los próximos cinco años aceptando los siguientes desafíos:

Situar la Promoción de la Salud como prioridad fundamental en las políticas y programas de salud locales, regionales, nacionales e internacionales a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida y fortalecer el desarrollo sostenible.

Consolidar el proceso participativo para la construcción de una Política Nacional de Promoción de la Salud.

Elaborar e implementar los Planes Nacionales y Planes Locales de Promoción de la Salud con enfoque intersectorial a partir de la identificación de prioridades en salud

Impulsar y fortalecer el desarrollo de investigaciones científicas sobre prioridades determinadas en Promoción de la Salud, como herramienta para la toma de decisiones en la reorientación de los recursos financieros y operacionales a fin de crear la capacidad humana nacional requerida.

Fortalecer la capacitación y formación de recursos humanos nacionales, para el desarrollo de acciones de Promoción de la Salud mediante alianzas con las Instituciones Formadoras.

Conformar un “Consejo Subregional para la Promoción de la Salud” y “Consejo Nacional para la Promoción de la Salud”.

Establecer y fortalecer, para la Subregión, Redes Sociales e instancias de participación como apoyo a la gestión de la Promoción de la Salud.

Desarrollar herramientas y mecanismos de monitoreo y evaluación de las acciones realizadas en Promoción de la Salud, a fin de medir el impacto en los indicadores de salud.

Revisar y reformular los Planes Nacionales y Locales basados en el análisis de los procesos de monitoreo y evaluación.

Evaluar la inversión intersectorial en Promoción de la Salud.

Identificar y reforzar mecanismos de sostenibilidad para las actividades intersectoriales en Promoción de la Salud.

Sistematizar las experiencias en Promoción de la Salud, institucionales y de la sociedad civil, basadas en evidencias.

Compartir experiencias y lecciones aprendidas documentadas, con todos los sectores nacionales y con los países de la subregión.

Lograr el empoderamiento y el trabajo intersectorial (público, privado y de la sociedad civil) que promuevan las condiciones de vida necesarias para mejorar la calidad de vida y el desarrollo sostenible, a nivel subregional, nacional y local.

Fortalecer la Comunicación Social efectiva.

Involucrar a los Organismos de Cooperación Internacional para apoyar las iniciativas en Promoción de la Salud que se propongan.

Actualizar los marcos jurídicos como una base sólida para la Promoción de la Salud

Se espera obtener, al término de dos años, los siguientes resultados:

Políticas Públicas Saludables desarrollándose;

Redes Sociales en Promoción de la Salud funcionando;

Planes Nacionales de Promoción de la Salud con metas y objetivos prioritarios, con enfoque intersectorial, evaluados;

Recursos Humanos, formados y capacitados en Promoción de la Salud;

Servicios de Salud reorientados hacia la Promoción de la Salud;

Recursos financieros del estado en apoyo a la Promoción de la Salud;

Organismos de Cooperación Internacional apoyando las iniciativas.

F. Situación y perspectivas del proceso hacia los objetivos y metas

Se constatarán a continuación los datos más recientes a nivel nacional sobre la situación y las perspectivas del proceso hacia los objetivos y metas del PA-MAN en el contexto de los objetivos de desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) y la Declaración del Milenio.

En lo que se refiere a las perspectivas de cumplimiento de metas, se ha comenzado por establecer en cada caso el ritmo promedio de incremento o decremento en el comportamiento del indicador tanto en el período general 1990-2006 como en el período más reciente que en la mayoría de los casos es 2000-2005/2006. A partir de ambos datos y del valor del indicador en 2005/2006 se realiza una simple proyección lineal. De esta manera, cuando se concluye que existe o no existe una perspectiva razonable de cumplimiento de meta se asume en todo caso, como hipótesis de trabajo, la persistencia de los ritmos observados, tanto en el período general 1990-2006 como en el más reciente. Pero también se asume como hipótesis de trabajo la tendencia a la prevalencia que tendrá de hecho la conducta más reciente sobre la conducta del próximo quinquenio, a no ser que se interponga una decisión efectiva para modificarlo.

El análisis de la conducta de cada indicador irá precedido por un pequeño recuadro con los datos básicos: a) el contenido del indicador, b) la meta establecida en términos generales, junto con el año asignado para su cumplimiento y la referencia al texto oficial en el que ha quedado establecida, y c) el valor de la meta concreta para El Salvador calculado sobre la base del comportamiento del indicador en 1990.

TEMA I: Promoviendo estilos de vida saludables

1. Objetivo: Erradicar la pobreza extrema y el hambre (ODM 1)

1	Porcentaje de personas cuyos ingresos son inferiores a 1 dólar por día
META: Reducir a la mitad (2015) (ODM 1)	16,3%

Partiendo de un 32,6% a nivel nacional en 1991 y considerando la tendencia hacia la baja reflejada en el 15,9% para el año de 2005; La meta proyectada a nivel nacional para el año 2015 (16,3) ya ha sido cumplida.

2	Incidencia de la pobreza extrema o crítica - como el porcentaje de hogares cuyos ingresos no son suficientes para satisfacer los costos de la canasta básica de alimentos -
META: Reducir a la mitad (2015) (ODM 1)	15,3 %

El 28,2% de pobreza extrema a nivel nacional en 1991 ha sido reducido en 15,9 puntos a 12.3% para el 2005; la meta proyectada para 2015 (15.3%) ya ha sido cumplida.

	Incidencia de la pobreza relativa- como el porcentaje de hogares cuyos ingresos son suficientes para cubrir la Canasta Básica Alimentaria no así para satisfacer los costos de la canasta básica ampliada -
META: Reducir a la mitad (2015) (ODM 1)	17,8%

El 31,5% de pobreza relativa a nivel nacional en 1991 ha sido reducido en 8,7 puntos para el 2005 (22,82%); esto significa un promedio de reducción anual de – 0,61 puntos de porcentaje. Asumiendo la sostenibilidad de este ritmo general para los 10 años siguientes sería razonable proyectar la superación de la meta 2015 con un 16% de pobreza relativa a nivel nacional.

Sin embargo, el proceso de reducción experimentado entre 1990 y 2005 no ha sido homogéneo ni siempre sostenido. Mientras en el primer quinquenio (1990–1995) se logró un promedio de – 0,5 puntos de porcentaje al año, y en el segundo quinquenio (1995–2000) el promedio ascendió sustancialmente a – 1,4 puntos al año, en cambio en el tercer quinquenio (2000–2005) la incidencia de la pobreza relativa a nivel nacional se ha mantenido año 2000 (con 22.8%) y el año 2005 (con 22,8%). A nivel nacional es viable alcanzar la meta 2015 si se acelera el ritmo de cambio de este indicador.

	Tasa de desnutrición global – severa y moderada – como la proporción de niños y niñas de 3 a 59 meses de edad que caen bajo dos desviaciones estándar de la mediana de peso/edad.
META: Reducir en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (c))	7.5%
META: Reducir a la mitad (2015) (ODM 1)	5.6%

La tasa de 11.2% en 1991 descendió a 10,3% en 2003; un decremento de 0,9 puntos en 10 años, a un ritmo promedio de 0,09 puntos al año. Sin embargo es importante mencionar que en el primer tramo (1990-1995) la tasa creció, y no fue hasta el segundo tramo, entre 1995 y 2000, que descendió con un promedio anual de 0,3 puntos al año. De mantenerse este ritmo más reciente es viable que el país cumpla las metas 2010 y 2015.

	Tasa de bajo peso al nacer – como la proporción de niños y niñas nacidos vivos que pesaron por debajo de 2.5 Kgs. o 5.5 libras –
META: Reducir al menos en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (c))	5.5%
META: Reducir a la mitad (2015) (ODM 1)	4.1%

Este indicador muestra una tendencia general no sostenida: 8,2% para el período 1988-1993 (1990), asciende a 12,3% para el período 1993-1998 (1995) y desciende a 9,4% para el período 1993-2002. Si se mantiene una tendencia descendente pronunciada, es probable plantear el cumplimiento de la meta tanto para 2010 como para 2015.

B. Objetivo: Reducir la mortalidad infantil (ODM 4)

	Tasa de mortalidad infantil (0 a 11 meses) – como el número de defunciones de niños y niñas menores de 1 año de edad por 1000 nacidos vivos –
META: Reducirla en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (a))	27.3
META: Reducirla en dos tercios (2015) (ODM 4)	13.7

La meta 2010 de mortalidad infantil (27,3) ya fue alcanzada y superada durante el período 1998-2002, a nivel nacional, con una tasa de 24.

Para el año 2006 el Ministerio de Salud Pública reporta una tasa incluso más reducida de 12,75 por mil nacidos vivos. En este sentido la meta de reducir en dos tercios este indicador también ya ha sido cumplida y superada por el país, por lo que por lo que es razonable proyectar el mantener cumplida la meta hasta el año 2015.

	Tasa de mortalidad en la niñez (1-4) – como el número de defunciones de niños y niñas de 1 a 4 años cumplidos por 1000 nacidos vivos –
META: Reducirla en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (a))	8
META: Reducirla en dos tercios (2015) (ODM 4)	4

La meta 2010 de mortalidad en la niñez (8) ya fue alcanzada y superada durante el período 1998-2002, a nivel nacional, con tasa 6.

De similar manera es muy probable proyectar el cumplimiento de la meta 2015.

3. Objetivo: Mejorar la salud materna (ODM 5)

	Tasa de mortalidad materna – como el número de defunciones de mujeres por causa materna por 100.000 nacidos vivos – / reducirla en un tercio (2010) (PA-MANA A, 1, 36 (b)); en tres cuartas partes (2015) (ODM 5)
META: Reducirla en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (b))	105.3
META: Reducirla en tres cuartas partes (2015) (ODM 5)	39.5

Los resultados arrojados por FESAL sobre este indicador muestran una aparente tendencia general hacia el crecimiento más que hacia la reducción, aunque con una conducta no sostenida, una tasa de 158 para el período 1983-1993 (1988), disminuye a 120 para el período 1988-1998 (1993) y asciende a 173 para el período 1993-2002 (1998).

Más allá de estos resultados, aquí subyace un problema de falta de precisión estadística en la metodología de encuesta por muestreo aleatorio de viviendas utilizada en la obtención de estos datos, por lo que la misma FESAL recomienda usar otras fuentes de información y otras metodologías para detectar tendencias en este indicador.

Dada la necesidad de mejorar el registro de la mortalidad materna, el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social ha trabajado en el fortalecimiento del sistema de vigilancia para establecer una línea base de la razón de mortalidad materna y dotar de parámetros de comparación para el futuro.

El resultado obtenido del estudio de línea base, realizado entre el 1 de junio de 2005 y el 31 de mayo de 2006, concluye que la razón de mortalidad materna a nivel nacional para el período estudiado es de 71.2 por 100 mil nacidos vivos. Con esta nueva medición el país puede dar por cumplida la meta para el 2010 y es probable alcanzar la meta 2015.

4. Objetivo: Combatir las enfermedades (ODM 6)

	Cobertura de inmunización completa y total – BCG, DPT/Pentavalente, Polio, Sarampión/SPR o las cuatro vacunas en conjunto – de niños y niñas menores de 5 años de edad que viven con la madre.
META: garantizar cobertura del 90% (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (7))	90%

La norma en El Salvador para la aplicación de la vacuna contra el Sarampión era a los 9 meses cumplidos mientras que la norma actual para la aplicación de la SPR es al año de edad. Por ello ha parecido conveniente utilizar en primer lugar en este informe el indicador de inmunización total en niños y niñas de 12 a 59 meses de edad, en lugar del indicador sugerido de inmunización total en niños y niñas menores de 1 año. A continuación se analizarán otros indicadores complementarios.

La cobertura del 76.7% en 1990 ha crecido solo 4,4 puntos porcentuales, a 81,2%, en 10 años (2002). La situación mostró cierto dinamismo entre 1990 y 1995 pero en el siguiente quinquenio la cobertura ha experimentado solo una leve tendencia al crecimiento. De continuar los esfuerzos de inmunización que está realizando el Ministerio de Salud Pública, es probable que el país pueda lograr la meta para 2010.

	Cobertura de inmunización completa de BCG contra la Tuberculosis de los niños y niñas menores de 1 año.
META: garantizar cobertura del 90% (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (7))	90%

A escala nacional la meta ha sido cumplida durante el período 1993-1998. Para el año 2006 el dato que refleja el Ministerio de Salud Pública es de 92,8% de cobertura.

	Cobertura de inmunización completa de DPT contra la Difteria, Tétano y Tos ferina de los niños y niñas menores de 1 año.
META: garantizar cobertura del 90% (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (7))	90%

Según datos del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, para el año 2006 el porcentaje de cobertura de DPT/Pentavalente fue de 95.7%, por lo cual puede afirmarse que la meta 2010 ha sido cumplida.

	Cobertura de inmunización completa de POLIO contra la Poliomielitis de los niños y niñas menores de 1 año.
META: garantizar cobertura del 90% (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (7))	90%

Según datos del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, para el año 2006 el porcentaje de cobertura de Antipolio fue de 95,5%, por lo cual puede afirmarse que la meta 2010 ha sido cumplida.

	Cobertura de inmunización completa - una dosis - contra el Sarampión - SPR - de los niños y niñas entre 12 y 23 meses de edad.
META: garantizar cobertura del 90% (2010) (PA-MANA A, 1, 37 (7))	90%

Dado que la norma actual para la aplicación de la SPR es al año de edad, se utiliza este indicador referido a los niños y niñas entre los 12 y 23 meses de edad.

La meta para el año 2010 de lograr un 90% de cobertura de inmunización completa con una dosis contra el sarampión (SPR) ya ha sido cumplida, ya que para el año 2006 el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social reporta un porcentaje de cobertura de vacunación contra el sarampión de un 98,0%. De mantener los esfuerzos que está realizando el país en esta área, es muy probable plantear que la meta se mantenga cumplida hasta el año 2010.

	Prevalencia de infecciones agudas de las vías respiratorias – IRA – en las últimas dos semanas en niños y niñas menores de 5 años de edad.
META: Reducir en una tercera parte (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (11))	39,6

Las reducciones sustanciales de prevalencia de IRA (del 26,5%) obtenidas durante el período 1993-1998 con respecto al período anterior 1988-1993, no fueron sostenidas durante el período siguiente 1998-2003, en donde se dio un incremento (del 9,4%) aunque de menor magnitud, de tal manera que no logró cancelar las reducciones de períodos anteriores, pero sí ha impedido que se pueda definir una tendencia clara y firme hacia la reducción de la prevalencia de IRA en el siguiente período.

Sin embargo, considerando que la prevalencia inicial (59,4%) en 1990 (1988-1992) se redujo en 17,1 puntos en 10 años (2002, – 42,3%), se considera muy probable que la dinámica de los períodos anteriores pueda reproducirse en el siguiente período, para alcanzar y superar la meta 2010 (39,6).

	Prevalencia de la diarrea – como la proporción de niños y niñas menores de 5 años de edad que tuvieron diarrea en las últimas dos semanas.
META: Reducir a la mitad (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (11))	12,2 %

La prevalencia inicial (24,4) en 1990 (1988-1992) ha sido reducida en 10.6 puntos en 10 años, representando un porcentaje de 138% lo cual indica que es muy probable que el país cumpla la meta para el año 2010 a nivel nacional.

	Prevalencia de ANEMIA entre niños y niñas menores de 5 años de edad - como la proporción de niños y niñas de ese rango de edades que por su nivel de hemoglobina padecen anemia según los criterios de CDC (Morbility and Mortality Weekly Report - MMWR), 1998) -
META: reducir en una tercera parte (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (22))	12,6%

Según la FESAL, a nivel nacional para los años 2002-2003 el 19,8% de los niños y niñas de 12 a 59 meses presentaron anemia, lo que indica un estancamiento en la situación desde 1998. Entre los quinquenios 1993-1998 y 1998-2003 el indicador se movió para crecer apenas 0,9 puntos porcentuales. Si se mantiene una tendencia descendente pronunciada, es probable plantear el cumplimiento de la meta tanto para 2010 como para 2015.

	Prevalencia de ANEMIA entre madres de niños menores de 5 años de edad - como la proporción de madres de niños y niñas de ese rango de edades que por su nivel de hemoglobina padecen anemia según los criterios de CDC (MMWR, 1998) -
META: reducir en una tercera parte (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (22))	5,9%

Entre los quinquenios 1993-1998 y 1998-2003 el indicador no se movió de 8.8%. De continuar este estancamiento en el indicador, sería poco probable el cumplimiento de la meta para el año 2010.

	Numero de casos de paludismo entre personas menores de 14 años de edad.
META: detener y comenzar a reducir (2015) (ODM 6)

El MSPAS no aporta datos de 1990. Para 1995 reporta 1458 casos, 242 casos para 2000 y 10 casos par 2005. La meta ya ha sido cumplida.

	Defunciones causadas por el sarampión en la población que no ha cumplido los 4 años de edad.
META: reducir a la mitad (2005) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (7))

Al menos desde 1991 hasta 2005 no se registran defunciones confirmadas por sarampión. La meta ha sido cumplida.

	Tétanos materno
META: erradicado (2005) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (7))	0

No se reportan casos de tétanos materno entre 2000 y 2005. La meta ha sido cumplida.

	Tétanos neonatal
META: erradicado (2005) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (7))	0

En el año 2000 se reportó un caso y otro en 2005, por lo tanto la meta para el 2005 no fue cumplida por el país, sin embargo durante todo el año 2006 y hasta la semana 11 del 2007 el Ministerio de Salud Pública no reporta ningún caso de tétanos neonatal.

	Poliomielitis
META: Certificar su eliminación (2005) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (8))	0

Está actualmente vigente la certificación de eliminación de la poliomielitis que recibió El Salvador en 1987, por lo tanto la meta ha sido cumplida.

	Tasa de prevalencia de la tuberculosis, como el número de casos de tuberculosis por 100000 habitantes.
META: reducir a la mitad (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (11))

El MSPAS no reporta la tasa de 1990. En 2000 la tasa fue de 24, y en 2006 fue de 23.1. Si se mantiene una tendencia descendente pronunciada, es probable plantear el cumplimiento de la meta tanto para 2010 como para 2015.

	Muertes causadas por la tuberculosis
META: reducir a la mitad (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 37 (11))

El MSPAS reporta 33 defunciones en 1997 y 44 en 2006. Estos datos indican que es poco probable proyectar el cumplimiento de la meta para el 2010.

5. Objetivo: Garantizar la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente (ODM 7)

	Proporción de hogares que carecen de acceso al agua potable entubada, sea que esté servida con conexión domiciliaria, sea que esté servida en fuente pública de fácil acceso.
	META: reducir en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (d))	30,7%
META: reducir a la mitad (2015) (ODM 7)	23,0%

Entre 1991 y 2005 la proporción de hogares sin acceso logró descender de 46,06% a 31,92%, lo que representa un decremento de 14,17 puntos porcentuales, con un promedio anual de –0,94 puntos. De continuar a este ritmo general es muy probable que el país alcance las metas 2010 y 2015.

Sin embargo, esta dinámica general no ha sido homogénea a lo largo de estos quince años. Mientras en el período 1990-1995 se logró un decremento promedio anual de – 0.95 puntos porcentuales, en el período 1995-1999 alcanzó su momento álgido con un promedio de – 1.8 puntos, pero en el período más reciente entre 1999-2005 el decremento se debilitó sustancialmente con un promedio anual de apenas – 0.34 puntos, el más bajo desde 1990. En caso de persistir el ritmo de este último período, el país podrá alcanzar la meta 2010. La meta ODM para 2015 requiere una reducción de 8 puntos en 10 años, lo cual es muy probable si se continúan los esfuerzos por brindar a la población un mayor acceso a fuentes de agua entubada.

	Proporción de hogares que carecen de acceso a servicios higiénicos, privados o públicos, de exposición de excretas por medio de a) alcantarillado, b) fosa séptica o c) letrina
META: reducir en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (d))	16.11%

Este indicador general tiene una limitación: da cabida a tres tipos muy heterogéneos de servicios – alcantarillado, fosa séptica y letrina – de diferente calidad en cuanto a su capacidad de impacto en la salud pública. Por ello se hace necesario diferenciar el indicador para cada uno de esos tipos de servicios.

Entre 1991 y 2005 la proporción de hogares que carecen de acceso a alguno de estos tres tipos de servicios logró descender de 24,16% a 10,12%, lo que representa un decremento de 14,04 puntos porcentuales, con un promedio anual de –0,94 puntos, lo cual muestra que la meta para el 2010 (16.11%) ya ha sido cumplida y superada a nivel nacional.

	Proporción de hogares que carecen de acceso a servicios higiénicos, privados o públicos, de exposición de excretas por medio de alcantarillado.
META: reducir en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (d))	47.29%

Entre 1991 y 2005 la proporción de hogares que carecen de acceso a servicios higiénicos por medio de alcantarillado logró descender de 70,93% a 59,25%, lo que representa un decremento de 11,68 puntos porcentuales, con un promedio anual de –0,78 puntos. El ritmo del decremento fue menor en el período 1997-2005, con un promedio anual de –0,42 puntos porcentuales. Si se mantiene una tendencia descendente pronunciada, es probable plantear el cumplimiento de la meta tanto para 2010 como para 2015.

	Proporción de hogares que carecen de acceso a servicios higiénicos, privados o públicos, de exposición de excretas por medio de alcantarillado o por medio de fosa séptica.
META: reducir en un tercio (2010) (PA-MAN A, 1, 36 (d))	44,99%

Entre 1991 y 2005 la proporción de hogares que carecen de acceso a servicios higiénicos ya sea por medio de alcantarillado o por medio de fosa séptica logró descender de 67,49% a 50,03%, lo que representa un decremento de – 17.46 puntos porcentuales, con un promedio anual de – 1.16 puntos. Además, el ritmo del decremento fue mayor en el período 1997-2005 con un promedio anual de – 1.34 puntos porcentuales; de mantenerse este ritmo más reciente, también podría proyectarse como probable el cumplimiento de la meta para 2010.

TEMA II: Promoviendo una educación de calidad para todos y todas

6. Objetivo: Lograr la enseñanza primaria universal (ODM 2); eliminar las desigualdades entre los géneros en la enseñanza (ODM 3)

	Proporción de personas entre 11 y 14 años cumplidos que no han aprobado los cuatro primeros grados de enseñanza primaria – de 1er grado a 4º grado –
META: Reducir a cero (2015) (ODM 2)	0

En 1990, el 49,82% de personas entre 10 y 14 años cumplidos no había aprobado los cuatro primeros grados; para 2005 esa proporción ha descendido a 25,34%, lo que significa un decremento general de 24,48 puntos porcentuales en 15 años, con un promedio anual de –1,63 puntos. De mantenerse este ritmo general sería poco probable proyectar el cumplimiento de la meta para el 2015.

	Tasa neta de asistencia a la enseñanza básica, como la proporción de niños, niñas y adolescentes, entre 7 y 15 años cumplidos que asisten al nivel básico – de 1º a 9º grados – del sistema escolar.
META: 90% (2010) (PA-MAN, A, 2, 39, (b))	90
	META: 100% (2015) (ODM 2)	100

A nivel nacional, la tasa de asistencia de 75,54% en 1990 ha crecido a 89,7% en 2006, un crecimiento absoluto de 14,16 puntos porcentuales con un promedio anual de +0,88 puntos. Este ritmo de crecimiento permitiría proyectar alcanzar tanto la meta 2010 como para el 2015, siempre y cuando se mantengan los esfuerzos nacionales por ampliar la cobertura de la educación básica.

Es importante mencionar que el ritmo de crecimiento de este indicador no ha sido homogéneo a lo largo de esos 16 años, sino que ha sido superior en el último período 2000-2006, en el que ha alcanzado un promedio anual de +1,14 puntos. Esta información sustenta la idea que si se mantiene este ritmo de crecimiento, se puede proyectar como muy probable el logro de ambas metas (tanto para 2010 como para el 2015).

	Proporción de niños, niñas y adolescentes, en edad escolar – entre 7 y 17 años cumplidos de edad – que no asisten a los niveles primario o secundario del sistema escolar.
META: Reducir a la mitad (2010) (PA-MANA A, 2, 39, (b))	14.49%

A nivel nacional, la proporción de no asistentes de 28,97% en 1990 ha disminuido a 13,88% en 2005, un decremento general de 15,10 puntos porcentuales, con un promedio anual de – 1.01 puntos. El ritmo del decremento en el tercer quinquenio 2000-2005, con un promedio anual de – 1.26 puntos, fue superior al de los dos quinquenios anteriores. Con ello la meta 2010 ya ha sido cumplida y superada.

	Índice de alfabetización de adultos – como el porcentaje de personas de 15 o más años de edad capaces de leer, escribir y comprender un texto corto y sencillo sobre su vida cotidiana.
META: Aumentar un 50% (2015) (PA-MANA A, 2, 39, (f))	100%

La meta de aumentar en un 50% el índice de alfabetización de adultos del país en 1990 (71.50%) significaría alcanzar la alfabetización total para 2015. Entre 1991 y 2005 el índice logró ascender a 83.40%, lo que representa un incremento de + 11,90 puntos de porcentaje, con un promedio anual de + 0,79 puntos. Si se mantiene una tendencia ascendente, es probable plantear el cumplimiento de la meta para 2015.

TEMA III: Combatiendo el VIH–SIDA (ODM 6)

7. Detener y comenzar a reducir la propagación (ODM 3)

	Tasa de incidencia anual del VIH-SIDA – como la cantidad de personas que han sido reportadas cada año viviendo con VIH-SIDA por cada 100.000 habitantes.
META: Detener y comenzar a reducir (2015) (ODM 6)

Según el Programa Nacional de Control y Prevención de ITS/VIH/SIDA, la tasa de incidencia anual había presentado un incremento progresivo hasta el año 2003, tanto en el caso del VIH positivo como en los casos de SIDA. Este crecimiento ha sido particularmente notable a partir del año 2000, con un promedio anual de 765 nuevos casos de VIH y de 779 casos de SIDA, lo cual puede ser el resultado de una mejoría en el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica y de la mayor disponibilidad de la prueba del VIH gratuita a nivel nacional, aunque no hay razón para afirmar que este fenómeno no responda también a un incremento sostenido – y agudizado más recientemente – del nivel de riesgo en el país.

Sin embargo, es importante mencionar que a partir de los años 2003 y 2004, gracias a los esfuerzos nacionales, la tasa de incidencia de VIH se ha logrado reducir en 3 puntos, pasando de 20 en 2004 a 17,3 en el año 2005, igualmente la tasa de SIDA se ha logrado reducir de 10.2 en el 2004 a 6,2 para el año 2005; en consecuencia, de continuar la misma dinámica actual, sería probable que el país pueda detener la enfermedad.

Uno de los mayores logros en la lucha contra el VIH/SIDA en el país se evidencia en la reducción de casos de VIH y SIDA en menores de un año hasta el 2005, dato que ha pasado de 92 en el año 2000 a 20 en el 2005.

34	Proporción de hombres y mujeres de 15 a 24 años que tienen acceso a la información necesaria para reducir su vulnerabilidad a la infección de VIH.
META: 90% (2005) (PA-MAN A, 4, 47 (2))	90%
META: 95% (2010) (PA-MAN A, 4, 47 (2))	95%

Analizando el comportamiento observado en el período 1998-2003 por el conjunto de indicadores comprendidos en el Cuadro I, adjuntado a continuación, con la excepción de uno de ellos – 34 a – que se refiere al “haber oído hablar del VIH/SIDA”, se puede mencionar que la meta 2005 no ha sido cumplida y por ende se realizan mayores esfuerzos en relación a las campañas de prevención del VIH/SIDA, con el fin de contar con las condiciones necesarias que permitan al país cumplir la meta al 2010.

CUADRO I

	Período 1998 – 2003	Grupo	%
34 a	Conocen – han oído hablar – del VIH/SIDA	H:15-59	98,0
M:15-49	96,1
M:15-24	94,9
34 b	Conocen las tres formas de prevención primaria de la transmisión sexual del VIH/SIDA en su conjunto	H:15-59	46,3
M:15-49	60,2
M:15-24	57,8
34 c	Ausencia de los tres conocimientos erróneos locales más comunes sobre el SIDA en su conjunto	H: 15-59	17,8
M:15-49	19,3
M:15-24	21,2
34 d	Saben dónde hacen la prueba del VIH	H: 15-59	41,4
M:15-49	41,4
M:15-24	41,9
34 e	Perciben algún riesgo de infectarse del VIH	H: 15-59	27,2
M:15-49	26,3
M:15-24	25,8
34 f	Se hicieron la prueba del VIH	H: 15-59	13,1
M:15-49	11,9
M:15-24	7,5
34 g	Se hicieron voluntariamente la prueba del VIH	H: 15-59	5,3
M:15-49	6,3
M:15-24	4,8
34 h	Se hicieron voluntariamente la prueba del VIH y recibieron los resultados de la prueba	H: 15-59	4,9
M:15-49	5,9
M:15-24	4,4
35	Proporción de mujeres embarazadas con acceso a atención antes del parto que reciben información, asesoramiento y otros servicios de prevención del VIH disponibles para ellas.
META: 80% (2010) (PA-MAN A, 4, 46 (b))	80%

El Salvador ha realizado grandes esfuerzos para reducir el contagio vertical del virus, lo cual se demuestra en el índice de positividad de las mujeres embarazadas que se redujo de 0.22 a 0.14 para el año 2005. Con relación al año 2004 se registró una disminución de 23.8% en el número total de mujeres embarazadas con VIH y una reducción de 0.08% en la prevalencia de VIH en este grupo.

Sin embargo, existe aún retos pendientes en el conjunto de indicadores comprendidos en el Cuadro II, (adjuntado a continuación) que están íntimamente relacionados con el logro de esta meta, lo cual permite visualizar como probable el cumplimiento de la meta 2010 de incrementar esfuerzos en la dinámica actual de los mismos.

CUADRO II

	2000 – 2003 Mujeres de 15 a 24 años	Sexo	%
35 a	Recibieron orientación sobre la prueba del VIH durante el control prenatal de su último embarazo terminado a partir de enero 2000.	F	27.8
35 b	Les ofrecieron la oportunidad de hacerse la prueba del VIH durante el control prenatal de su último embarazo terminado a partir de enero 2000	F	15.4
35 c	Se hicieron voluntariamente la prueba del VIH durante el control prenatal de su último embarazo terminado a partir de enero 2000	F	11.5
35 d	Se hicieron voluntariamente la prueba del VIH y recibieron los resultados de la prueba durante el control prenatal de su último embrazo terminado a partir de enero 2000	F	10.2

G. Conclusiones

El país ha logrado superar objetivos del 2010-2015 según los datos que presentan las diferentes instituciones hasta el año 2005 – 2006. De las 35 metas que presenta el Plan de Acción, el país ha logrado cumplir 16 de ellas, mayormente en las áreas de reducción de la pobreza extrema, inmunizaciones, mortalidad infantil y en la niñez, mortalidad materna, educación de niños, niñas y adolescentes, entre otros.

Las metas relacionadas con la educación básica, reducción del VIH y reducción de la desnutrición presentan un panorama bastante alentador en cuando a su cumplimiento, ya que el país está realizando grandes esfuerzos para mejorar los indicadores en estas áreas.

Aquellas que requieren que el país realice mayores esfuerzos para mejorar el comportamiento de los indicadores están ubicadas en áreas como reducción de la pobreza relativa, sostenibilidad del medio ambiente, acceso a servicios higiénicos, alfabetización de adultos, entre otros.

En múltiples casos, el factor decisivo para posibilitar una proyección de cumplimiento de metas 2010 y 2015 es precisamente la dinámica impulsada en el último quinquenio 2000-2005.

Algunas metas son difíciles de evaluar debido a que los sistemas estadísticos no desagregan sus datos por edades.

A continuación se presenta un cuadro consolidado sobre el nivel de cumplimiento de las metas del Programa de Acción del Documento "Un mundo apropiado para los niños".

Categoría de cumplimiento	Número de metas	Porcentaje de cumplimiento respecto del total de metas
METAS CUMPLIDAS	15	42,9%
MUY PROBABLE	4	11,4%
PROBABLE	11	31,4%
POCO PROBABLE	3	8,6%
NO CUMPLIDA	2	5,7%
TOTAL DE METAS	35	100%

ANEXO XI

MAPA DE VULNERABILIDAD NUTRICIONAL

Fuente: Segundo Censo Nacional de talla en escolares de 1º grado en El Salvador. Septiembre de 2000.

ANEXO XII

Práctica de la lactancia materna en El Salvador

Año	Porcentaje de inicio de lactancia materna en recién nacidos	Porcentaje de niños menores de 6 meses que reciben lactancia materna exclusiva	Duración promedio de lactancia materna en cualquiera de sus modalidades (Exclusiva, predominante o complementaria)	Duración promedio de lactancia materna exclusiva en menores de 6 meses
2002/03	94%	24%	19,2 meses	1,4 meses
1998	94%	16%	17,7 meses	0,9 meses
1993	93%	20%	15,5 meses	0,8 meses

Práctica de la lactancia materna en El Salvador

(2002/2003)

Lactancia materna exclusiva en niños menores de 6 meses	Total 24% Urbana 18.7% Rural 29.8%
Lactancia materna exclusiva en niños menores de 2 meses	36.8%
Lactancia materna exclusiva en niños de 2 a 3 meses	22.1%
Lactancia materna exclusiva en niños de 4 a 5 meses	8.1%

Razones por abandono de lactancia materna en menores de 6 meses dadas por las madres

No tengo suficiente leche	41.9% de madres de niños menores de 1 mes
El niño no quiere	39.8% de madres de niños de 2 a 4 meses
Trabajo o estudio	Menos del 15% de madres
Infantes reciben agua antes de cumplir el primer mes de vida	21%

ANEXO XIII

Instituto Salvadoreño de Rehabilitación de Inválidos

Centro de atención	Bienes	Salarios	Total fondo general	Recursos propios	2006
Centro de rehabilitación para ciegos	40.000,00	39.286,00	437.286,00	9.145,00	446.431,00
Centro del aparato locomotor	28.000,00	828.250,00	144.595,00	144.595,00	1.000.845,00
Centro de audición y lenguaje	2.903,00	462.005,00	464.908,00	60.345,00	525.253,00
Centro de rehabilitación para la niñez y la adolescencia	22.199,00	864.672,00	886.871,00	35.930,00	922.801,00
Centro de rehabilitación integral de occidente	10.315,00	461.915,00	472.230,00	50.755,00	522.985,00
Centro de rehabilitación integral de oriente	15.562,00	454.190,00	469.752,00	53.440,00	523.192,00
Centro de rehabilitación profesional	18.567,00	275.118,00	293.685,00	14.200,00	307.885,00
Unidad de consultoría externa	5.884,00	291.347,00	297.231,00	46.640,00	343.871,00
Total centros	143.430,00	4.034.783,00	4.178.213,00	415.050,00	4.593.263,00

Centro de atención	Bienes	Salarios	Total fondo general	Recursos propios	2005
Centro de rehabilitación para ciegos	12.161,88	353.315,08	369.476,96	5.780,00	375.256,96
Centro del aparato locomotor	27.662,18	791.403,14	819.065,32	115.930,00	934.995,32
Centro de audición y lenguaje	3.110,65	445.538,41	448.649,06	55.305,00	503.954,06
Centro de rehabilitación para la niñez y adolescencia	21.992,49	998.430,77	1.020.423,26	53.305,00	1.073.728,26
Centro de rehabilitación integral de occidente	10.316,94	432.517,24	441.834,18	49.908,00	491.814,18
Centro de rehabilitación integral de oriente	15.562,32	427.683,24	443.245,56	53.440,00	496.685,56
Centro de rehabilitación profesional	14.566,92	240.740,76	255.307,68	12.000,00	267.307,68
Unidad de consultoría externa	5.887,78	174.335,34	180.223,12	26.300,00	206.523,12
Total centros	111.261,16	3.866.963,98	3.978.225,14	372.040,00	4.350.265,14

Centro de atención	Recursos propios	2004
Centro de rehabilitación para ciegos	4.755,00	351.025,00
Centro del aparato locomotor	96.000,00	848.495,00
Centro de audición y lenguaje	41.990,00	463.045,00
Centro de rehabilitación para la niñez y la adolescencia	36.280,00	1.020.700,00
Centro de rehabilitación integral de occidente	48.210,00	464.170,00
Centro de rehabilitación integral de oriente	52.265,00	486.995,00
Centro de rehabilitación profesional	14.000,00	257.760,00
Unidad de consultoría externa	25.650,00	192.084,00
Total centros	319.150,00	4.084.274,00

ANEXO XIV

GASTO PÚBLICO DEL MINED POR NIVEL EDUCATIVO LÍNEA PRESUPUESTARIA(2001 – 2005)

AñoConceptoGASTO CORRIENTE* Sueldos y Salarios Bienes y Servicios Transferencias Corrientes GASTO DE CAPITAL INVERSIÓN PRÉSTAMOS TOTAL GENERAL 1. Educación general (Dirección y Administración del MINED)21,099,60416,071,1954,941,78686,623290,32321,389,9272. Parvularia28,421,78327,674,580227,722519,48128,421,7833. Básica234,602,595223,166,1763,062,9278,373,492998,47668,708,757304,309,8284. Media25,048,63323,698,140660,034690,45924,598,47949,647,1125. Educación de adultos1,208,2701,205,4922,7771,208,2706. Educación superior23,137,39123,137,391342,86023,480,2517. Otros (subvenciones y subsidios)7,534,2407,534,24022,802,12830,336,3678. Concultura11,430,6206,707,0832,791,6021,931,9352,099,35513,529,975Total Año 2001352,483,135298,522,66611,686,84942,273,62026,533,14293,307,236472,323,5131. Educación general (Dirección y Administración del MINED)23,180,39216,203,9766,940,54635,870108,8892,67423,291,9552. Parvularia30,558,13629,869,295236,557452,284131,94830,690,0843. Básica254,738,251243,065,7614,137,7627,534,7281,043,89647,089,069302,871,2164. Media26,520,64125,386,834786,117347,69036,311,69462,832,3355. Educación de adultos1,000,378977,93622,4421,000,3786. Educación superior26,862,39526,862,39526,862,3957. Otros (subvenciones y subsidios)8,862,9208,862,9208,862,9208. Concultura10,966,7826,845,8753,108,2521,012,655774,42611,741,2089. Bienestar Magisterial524,383264,621198,95860,80453,231577,614Total Año 2002383,214,279322,614,29815,430,63345,169,3472,059,15883,456,668468,730,1041. Educación general (Dirección y Administración del MINED)26,642,94917,864,8317,786,848991,270149,6262,66926,795,2442. Parvularia32,387,48831,399,366251,909736,214202,95932,590,4473. Básica253,807,925243,219,1102,525,5268,063,289792,79134,278,518288,879,2354. Media28,412,19027,230,488769,417412,28537,971,15166,383,3405. Educación de adultos1,179,3941,167,30412,0891,179,3946. Educación superior28,290,74528,290,745595,00028,885,7457. Otros (subvenciones y subsidios)9,303,0699,303,069100,0009,403,0698. Concultura11,078,4646,919,6363,069,2381,089,590520,53011,598,9959. Bienestar Magisterial567,406264,265223,93379,20820,529587,936Total Año 2003391,669,632328,065,00014,638,96148,965,6702,381,43572,252,338466,303,4051. Educación general (Dirección y Administración del MINED)25,920,03917,551,3008,335,82932,91050,15525,970,1942. Parvularia35,665,91834,036,513443,0861,186,31935,665,9183. Básica285,883,455264,717,2543,724,82617,441,3757,030,518292,913,9734. Media29,355,08327,698,0711,052,251604,76120,919,02650,274,1095. Educación de adultos3,609,9171,045,5022,564,4143,609,9176. Educación superior34,790,74534,790,745595,00035,385,7457. Otros (subvenciones y subsidios)7,078,5817,078,5817,078,5818. Concultura11,443,9846,907,7643,496,1621,040,059696,29212,140,2769. Bienestar Magisterial541,485207,233197,983136,269541,485Total Año 2004434,289,207352,163,63719,814,55162,311,0191,341,44727,949,544463,580,1971. Educación general (Dirección y Administración del MINED)25,101,87517,805,3467,210,56785,96380,8119,84425,192,5302. Parvularia36,689,70535,094,613897,279697,81436,689,7053. Básica293,330,395268,115,87510,147,04315,067,47620,358,750313,689,1454. Media30,407,49828,652,8871,052,851701,76024,329,77354,737,2715. Educación de adultos1,338,3371,030,535307,8021,338,3376. Educación superior46,590,74546,590,745595,00047,185,7457. Otros (subvenciones y subsidios)10,086,46110,086,46110,086,4618. Concultura10,942,9516,837,7393,145,110960,101950,10311,893,0549. Bienestar Magisterial517,629216,193114,178187,258517,629Total Año 2005455,005,596357,753,18822,874,83074,377,5781,625,91444,698,367501,329,87720042005200120022003

Fuente : MINED. Es importante hacer la salvedad que en el período de 2002 a 2003, en la columna de inversión en préstamos, está incluida la donación de Apoyo al Proceso de Reforma de la Educación Media en el Área Técnica (APREMAT), que apoyó a la educación media-técnica, dentro del nivel educativo de educación media. Para el año 2002, fue de 2.694.962,8 dólares y para el año 2003, se reportó 2.086.242,5.

ANEXO XV

AULAS ALTERNATIVAS

2004

Centros Escolares	N.º de Estudiantes
973	29.220

2005

Ubicación	Número de Centros Educativos	Total matrícula
Fuera de ree.	973	123.465
Dentro de ree.	1.423	10.412
Totales	2.396	133.867

2006

Ubicación	Número de Centros Educativos	Total matrícula
Fuera de ree.	1.426	90.006
Dentro de ree.	254	42.005
Totales	1.510	132.011

ANEXO XVI

EMBARAZOS Y MATRIMONIOS DE MENORES DE EDAD

A pesar de que en el sistema público de educación y en el trabajo de otras instituciones estatales se realizan campañas para prevenir los riesgos de matrimonios y embarazos precoces, para el período se reportan matrimonios de menores de edad en el cuadro que se muestra a continuación.

Matrimonios de menores de edad por grupos de edad y estado civil anterior (2005)

Grupos de Edad	Estado Civil Anterior
De la Esposa	Del Esposo
Total	Soltera	Viuda	Divorciada	Total	Soltero	Viudo	Divorciado
Total	668	668	0	0	70	68	2	0
DE 14 años	30	30	-	-	-	-	-	-
DE 15 años	90	90	-	-	5	5	-	-
DE 16 años	207	207	-	-	22	21	1	-
DE 17 años	341	341	-	-	43	42	1	-

1/ Incluye los matrimonios realizados en el país, por contrayentes residentes en el extranjero

Debe mencionarse que el Código de Familia permite excepcionalmente los matrimonios de menores de 18 años de edad si siendo púberes ya tuvieren un hijo en común o si la mujer estuviese embarazada.

El Código de Familia vigente en la República, en su CAPITULO II “IMPEDIMENTOS Y REGLAS ESPECIALES PARA CONTRAER MATRIMONIO”, en la parte de IMPEDIMENTOS ABSOLUTOS:

Art. 14.- No podrán contraer matrimonio:

1) Los menores de dieciocho años de edad; 2) Los ligados por vínculo matrimonial; y, 3) Los que no se hallaren en el pleno uso de su razón y los que no puedan expresar su consentimiento de manera inequívoca.

No obstante lo dispuesto en el ordinal primero de este artículo, los menores de dieciocho años podrán casarse si siendo púberes, tuvieren ya un hijo en común, o si la mujer estuviere embarazada.

Impedimentos relativos

Art. 15.- No podrán contraer matrimonio entre sí:

1) Los parientes por consanguinidad en cualquier grado de la línea recta ni los hermanos; 2) El adoptante y su cónyuge con el adoptado o con algún descendiente de éste; el adoptado con los ascendientes o descendientes del adoptante, o con los hijos adoptivos del mismo adoptante; y 3) El condenado como autor o cómplice del homicidio doloso del cónyuge del otro. Si estuviere pendiente juicio por el delito mencionado, no se procederá a la celebración del matrimonio hasta que se pronuncie sentencia absolutoria o sobreseimiento definitivo.

ANEXO XVII

Población de 6 y mas años de edad, por condición de alfabetismo, según sexo y grupos de edad

A. Total país 2004

Sexo y		Condición de alfabetismo
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Alfabetos	Analfabetos
Total	5.899.640	4.797.526	1.102.114
6	161.711	21.650	140.061
7 - 9	497.086	346.768	150.318
10 - 12	475.286	438.639	36.647
13 - 15	465.831	442.853	22.978
16 - 18	426.955	406.063	20.892
19 - 23	625.464	584.033	41.431
24 - 28	578.542	527.988	50.554
29 - 33	454.031	405.072	48.959
34 y MÁS	2.214.734	1.624.460	590.274
Hombres	2.799.201	2.326.972	472.229
6	80.062	9.466	70.596
7 - 9	258.727	176.278	82.449
10 - 12	246.759	223.279	23.480
13 - 15	235.574	222.340	13.234
16 - 18	215.635	204.519	11.116
19 - 23	297.240	278.147	19.093
24 - 28	273.038	250.405	22.633
29 - 33	206.455	188.133	18.322
34 y MÁS	985.711	774.405	211.306
Mujeres	3.100.439	2.470.554	629.885
6	81.649	12.184	69.465
7 - 9	238.359	170.490	67.869
10 - 12	228.527	215.360	13.167
13 - 15	230.257	220.513	9.744
16 - 18	211.320	201.544	9.776
19 - 23	328.224	305.886	22.338
24 - 28	305.504	277.583	27.921
29 - 33	247.576	216.939	30.637
34 y MÁS	1.229.023	850.055	378.968

B. Total país urbano 2004

Sexo y		Condición de alfabetismo
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Alfabetos	Analfabetos
Total	3.556.666	3.116.685	439.981
6	88.267	15.649	72.618
7 - 9	268.033	208.334	59.699
10 - 12	254.308	242.058	12.250
13 - 15	252.697	245.166	7.531
16 - 18	237.566	231.777	5.789
19 - 23	377.561	363.530	14.031
24 - 28	371.852	355.862	15.990
29 - 33	296.469	281.719	14.750
34 y más	1.409.913	1.172.590	237.323
Hombres	1.645.112	1.477.768	167.344
6	45.365	7.370	37.995
7 - 9	136.534	104.603	31.931
10 - 12	130.915	124.141	6.774
13 - 15	129.693	125.142	4.551
16 - 18	115.176	112.536	2.640
19 - 23	174.299	168.396	5.903
24 - 28	176.578	170.211	6.367
29 - 33	132.578	128.135	4.443
34 y más	603.974	537.234	66.740
Mujeres	1.911.554	1.638.917	272.637
6	42.902	8.279	34.623
7 - 9	131.499	103.731	27.768
10 - 12	123.393	117.917	5.476
13 - 15	123.004	120.024	2.980
16 - 18	122.390	119.241	3.149
19 - 23	203.262	195.134	8.128
24 - 28	195.274	185.651	9.623
29 - 33	163.891	153.584	10.307
34 y más	805.939	635.356	170.583

C. Total país rural 2004

Sexo y		Condición de alfabetismo
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Alfabetos	Analfabetos
Total	2.342.974	1.680.841	662.133
6	73.444	6.001	67.443
7 - 9	229.053	138.434	90.619
10 - 12	220.978	196.581	24.397
13 - 15	213.134	197.687	15.447
16 - 18	189.389	174.286	15.103
19 - 23	247.903	220.503	27.400
24 - 28	206.690	172.126	34.564
29 - 33	157.562	123.353	34.209
34 y más	804.821	451.870	352.951
Hombres	1.154.089	849.204	304.885
6	34.697	2.096	32.601
7 - 9	122.193	71.675	50.518
10 - 12	115.844	99.138	16.706
13 - 15	105.881	97.198	8.683
16 - 18	100.459	91.983	8.476
19 - 23	122.941	109.751	13.190
24 - 28	96.460	80.194	16.266
29 - 33	73.877	59.998	13.879
34 y más	381.737	237.171	144.566
Mujeres	1.188.885	831.637	357.248
6	38.747	3.905	34.842
7 - 9	106.860	66.759	40.101
10 - 12	105.134	97.443	7.691
13 - 15	107.253	100.489	6.764
16 - 18	88.930	82.303	6.627
19 - 23	124.962	110.752	14.210
24 - 28	110.230	91.932	18.298
29 - 33	83.685	63.355	20.330
34 y más	423.084	214.699	208.385

D. Total país 2005

Sexo y		Condición de alfabetismo
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Alfabetos	Analfabetos
Total	6.025.951	4.938.913	1.087.038
6	172.566	30.441	142.125
7 - 9	522.984	369.729	153.255
10 - 12	503.495	474.530	28.965
13 - 15	463.163	443.396	19.767
16 - 18	444.939	427.631	17.308
19 - 23	599.490	566.524	32.966
24 - 28	590.101	546.834	43.267
29 - 33	464.985	419.365	45.620
34 y más	2.264.228	1.660.463	603.765
Hombres	2.806.740	2.365.128	441.612
6	84.119	13.447	70.672
7 - 9	265.466	183.344	82.122
10 - 12	256.182	238.712	17.470
13 - 15	235.814	225.161	10.653
16 - 18	226.175	217.113	9.062
19 - 23	278.736	263.894	14.842
24 - 28	265.353	247.216	18.137
29 - 33	199.577	184.285	15.292
34 y más	995.318	791.956	203.362
Mujeres	3.219.211	2.573.785	645.426
6	88.447	16.994	71.453
7 - 9	257.518	186.385	71.133
10 - 12	247.313	235.818	11.495
13 - 15	227.349	218.235	9.114
16 - 18	218.764	210.518	8.246
19 - 23	320.754	302.630	18.124
24 - 28	324.748	299.618	25.130
29 - 33	265.408	235.080	30.328
34 y más	1.268.910	868.507	400.403

E. Total país urbano 2005

Sexo y		Condición de alfabetismo
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Alfabetos	Analfabetos
Total	3.655.899	3.209.337	446.562
6	89.916	23.606	66.310
7 - 9	286.135	224.127	62.008
10 - 12	274.238	263.679	10.559
13 - 15	257.678	252.144	5.534
16 - 18	247.022	242.574	4.448
19 - 23	356.276	346.227	10.049
24 - 28	379.970	367.899	12.071
29 - 33	306.960	291.614	15.346
34 y más	1.457.704	1.197.467	260.237
Hombres	1.674.662	1.515.382	159.280
6	43.256	10.291	32.965
7 - 9	140.320	109.986	30.334
10 - 12	141.625	135.116	6.509
13 - 15	138.798	136.163	2.635
16 - 18	124.377	122.079	2.298
19 - 23	162.916	158.620	4.296
24 - 28	171.150	166.235	4.915
29 - 33	130.418	126.320	4.098
34 y más	621.802	550.572	71.230
Mujeres	1.981.237	1.693.955	287.282
6	46.660	13.315	33.345
7 - 9	145.815	114.141	31.674
10 - 12	132.613	128.563	4.050
13 - 15	118.880	115.981	2.899
16 - 18	122.645	120.495	2.150
19 - 23	193.360	187.607	5.753
24 - 28	208.820	201.664	7.156
29 - 33	176.542	165.294	11.248
34 y más	835.902	646.895	189.007

F. Total país rural 2005

Sexo y		Condición de alfabetismo
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Alfabetos	Analfabetos
Total	2.370.052	1.729.576	640.476
6	82.650	6.835	75.815
7 - 9	236.849	145.602	91.247
10 - 12	229.257	210.851	18.406
13 - 15	205.485	191.252	14.233
16 - 18	197.917	185.057	12.860
19 - 23	243.214	220.297	22.917
24 - 28	210.131	178.935	31.196
29 - 33	158.025	127.751	30.274
34 y más	806.524	462.996	343.528
Hombres	1.132.078	849.746	282.332
6	40.863	3.156	37.707
7 - 9	125.146	73.358	51.788
10 - 12	114.557	103.596	10.961
13 - 15	97.016	88.998	8.018
16 - 18	101.798	95.034	6.764
19 - 23	115.820	105.274	10.546
24 - 28	94.203	80.981	13.222
29 - 33	69.159	57.965	11.194
34 y más	373.516	241.384	132.132
Mujeres	1.237.974	879.830	358.144
6	41.787	3.679	38.108
7 - 9	111.703	72.244	39.459
10 - 12	114.700	107.255	7.445
13 - 15	108.469	102.254	6.215
16 - 18	96.119	90.023	6.096
19 - 23	127.394	115.023	12.371
24 - 28	115.928	97.954	17.974
29 - 33	88.866	69.786	19.080
34 y más	433.008	221.612	211.396

ANEXO XVIII

POBLACIÓN DE 4 Y MÁS AÑOS DE EDAD, POR ASISTENCIA ESCOLAR, SEGÚN SEXO Y GRUPOS DE EDAD

A. Total país 2004

Sexo y		Asistencia escolar
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Si	No
Total	6.217.672	1.982.492	4.235.180
4 - 6	479.743	252.255	227.488
7 - 9	497.086	455.767	41.319
10 - 12	475.286	443.407	31.879
13 - 15	465.831	380.820	85.011
16 - 18	426.955	244.944	182.011
19 - 23	625.464	134.015	491.449
24 - 28	578.542	47.085	531.457
29 - 33	454.031	14.629	439.402
34 y más	2.214.734	9.570	2.205.164
Hombres	2.960.393	1.020.972	1.939.421
4 - 6	241.254	128.131	113.123
7 - 9	258.727	238.214	20.513
10 - 12	246.759	229.995	16.764
13 - 15	235.574	195.856	39.718
16 - 18	215.635	126.702	88.933
19 - 23	297.240	66.561	230.679
24 - 28	273.038	23.517	249.521
29 - 33	206.455	7.054	199.401
34 y más	985.711	4.942	980.769
Mujeres	3.257.279	961.520	2.295.759
4 - 6	238.489	124.124	114.365
7 - 9	238.359	217.553	20.806
10 - 12	228.527	213.412	15.115
13 - 15	230.257	184.964	45.293
16 - 18	211.320	118.242	93.078
19 - 23	328.224	67.454	260.770
24 - 28	305.504	23.568	281.936
29 - 33	247.576	7.575	240.001
34 y más	1.229.023	4.628	1.224.395

B. Total país urbano 2004

Sexo y		Asistencia escolar
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Si	No
Total	3.733.122	1.215.501	2.517.621
4 - 6	264.723	159.274	105.449
7 - 9	268.033	252.683	15.350
10 - 12	254.308	242.014	12.294
13 - 15	252.697	224.810	27.887
16 - 18	237.566	163.545	74.021
19 - 23	377.561	108.646	268.915
24 - 28	371.852	43.192	328.660
29 - 33	296.469	12.590	283.879
34 y más	1.409.913	8.747	1.401.166
Hombres	1.734.910	619.648	1.115.262
4 - 6	135.163	83.195	51.968
7 - 9	136.534	127.799	8.735
10 - 12	130.915	124.336	6.579
13 - 15	129.693	115.605	14.088
16 - 18	115.176	82.049	33.127
19 - 23	174.299	53.991	120.308
24 - 28	176.578	22.023	154.555
29 - 33	132.578	6.188	126.390
34 y más	603.974	4.462	599.512
Mujeres	1.998.212	595.853	1.402.359
4 - 6	129.560	76.079	53.481
7 - 9	131.499	124.884	6.615
10 - 12	123.393	117.678	5.715
13 - 15	123.004	109.205	13.799
16 - 18	122.390	81.496	40.894
19 - 23	203.262	54.655	148.607
24 - 28	195.274	21.169	174.105
29 - 33	163.891	6.402	157.489
34 y más	805.939	4.285	801.654

C. Total país rural 2004

Sexo y		Asistencia escolar
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Si	No
Total	2.484.550	766.991	1.717.559
4 - 6	215.020	92.981	122.039
7 - 9	229.053	203.084	25.969
10 - 12	220.978	201.393	19.585
13 - 15	213.134	156.010	57.124
16 - 18	189.389	81.399	107.990
19 - 23	247.903	25.369	222.534
24 - 28	206.690	3.893	202.797
29 - 33	157.562	2.039	155.523
34 y más	804.821	823	803.998
Hombres	1.225.483	401.324	824.159
4 - 6	106.091	44.936	61.155
7 - 9	122.193	110.415	11.778
10 - 12	115.844	105.659	10.185
13 - 15	105.881	80.251	25.630
16 - 18	100.459	44.653	55.806
19 - 23	122.941	12.570	110.371
24 - 28	96.460	1.494	94.966
29 - 33	73.877	866	73.011
34 y más	381.737	480	381.257
Mujeres	1.259.067	365.667	893.400
4 - 6	108.929	48.045	60.884
7 - 9	106.860	92.669	14.191
10 - 12	105.134	95.734	9.400
13 - 15	107.253	75.759	31.494
16 - 18	88.930	36.746	52.184
19 - 23	124.962	12.799	112.163
24 - 28	110.230	2.399	107.831
29 - 33	83.685	1.173	82.512
34 y más	423.084	343	422.741

D. Total país 2005

Sexo y		Asistencia escolar
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Si	No
Total	6.333.192	2.053.818	4.279.374
4 - 6	479.807	259.951	219.856
7 - 9	522.984	486.094	36.890
10 - 12	503.495	470.991	32.504
13 - 15	463.163	378.487	84.676
16 - 18	444.939	254.364	190.575
19 - 23	599.490	134.018	465.472
24 - 28	590.101	46.724	543.377
29 - 33	464.985	13.512	451.473
34 y más	2.264.228	9.677	2.254.551
Hombres	2.972.862	1.035.485	1.937.377
4 - 6	250.241	131.447	118.794
7 - 9	265.466	246.930	18.536
10 - 12	256.182	236.367	19.815
13 - 15	235.814	194.993	40.821
16 - 18	226.175	129.558	96.617
19 - 23	278.736	65.067	213.669
24 - 28	265.353	20.186	245.167
29 - 33	199.577	6.411	193.166
34 y más	995.318	4.526	990.792
Mujeres	3.360.330	1.018.333	2.341.997
4 - 6	229.566	128.504	101.062
7 - 9	257.518	239.164	18.354
10 - 12	247.313	234.624	12.689
13 - 15	227.349	183.494	43.855
16 - 18	218.764	124.806	93.958
19 - 23	320.754	68.951	251.803
24 - 28	324.748	26.538	298.210
29 - 33	265.408	7.101	258.307
34 y más	1.268.910	5.151	1.263.759

E. Total país urbano 2005

Sexo y		Asistencia escolar
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Si	No
Total	3.818.277	1.263.289	2.554.988
4 - 6	252.294	158.993	93.301
7 - 9	286.135	271.280	14.855
10 - 12	274.238	262.664	11.574
13 - 15	257.678	228.747	28.931
16 - 18	247.022	172.368	74.654
19 - 23	356.276	108.312	247.964
24 - 28	379.970	41.414	338.556
29 - 33	306.960	11.171	295.789
34 y mas	1.457.704	8.340	1.449.364
Hombres	1.763.341	638.175	1.125.166
4 - 6	131.935	81.204	50.731
7 - 9	140.320	134.481	5.839
10 - 12	141.625	134.111	7.514
13 - 15	138.798	123.682	15.116
16 - 18	124.377	86.682	37.695
19 - 23	162.916	50.498	112.418
24 - 28	171.150	18.322	152.828
29 - 33	130.418	5.438	124.980
34 y mas	621.802	3.757	618.045
Mujeres	2.054.936	625.114	1.429.822
4 - 6	120.359	77.789	42.570
7 - 9	145.815	136.799	9.016
10 - 12	132.613	128.553	4.060
13 - 15	118.880	105.065	13.815
16 - 18	122.645	85.686	36.959
19 - 23	193.360	57.814	135.546
24 - 28	208.820	23.092	185.728
29 - 33	176.542	5.733	170.809
34 y mas	835.902	4.583	831.319

F. Total país rural 2005

Sexo y		Asistencia escolar
Grupos de	Total
Edad		Si	No
Total	2.514.915	790.529	1.724.386
4 - 6	227.513	100.958	126.555
7 - 9	236.849	214.814	22.035
10 - 12	229.257	208.327	20.930
13 - 15	205.485	149.740	55.745
16 - 18	197.917	81.996	115.921
19 - 23	243.214	25.706	217.508
24 - 28	210.131	5.310	204.821
29 - 33	158.025	2.341	155.684
34 y mas	806.524	1.337	805.187
Hombres	1.209.521	397.310	812.211
4 - 6	118.306	50.243	68.063
7 - 9	125.146	112.449	12.697
10 - 12	114.557	102.256	12.301
13 - 15	97.016	71.311	25.705
16 - 18	101.798	42.876	58.922
19 - 23	115.820	14.569	101.251
24 - 28	94.203	1.864	92.339
29 - 33	69.159	973	68.186
34 y mas	373.516	769	372.747
Mujeres	1.305.394	393.219	912.175
4 - 6	109.207	50.715	58.492
7 - 9	111.703	102.365	9.338
10 - 12	114.700	106.071	8.629
13 - 15	108.469	78.429	30.040
16 - 18	96.119	39.120	56.999
19 - 23	127.394	11.137	116.257
24 - 28	115.928	3.446	112.482
29 - 33	88.866	1.368	87.498
34 y mas	433.008	568	432.440

EDUCACIÓN ACELERADA DE BÁSICA2004

Centros Escolares	No. de Estudiantes
108	2.352

2005

Ubicación	Número de Centros Escolares	Total secciones	Total matrícula
Fuera de ree.	95	123	2.472
Dentro de ree.	22	40	864
100 municipios de alta pobreza	43	68	1.336
Totales	160	231	4.672

2006

Ubicación	Número de Centros Escolares	Total secciones	Total matrícula
Fuera de ree.	98	122	2.586
Dentro de ree.	23	31	589
100 municipios de alta pobreza	43	68	1.336
Totales	164	221	4.511

ANEXO XIX

MENORES DE EDAD DEPORTADOS (2004 – 2005)

Direccion general de migracion y extranjería

Salvadoreños menores de edad deportados Periodo de enero a diciembre de 2004

Puesto migratorio	Ene	Feb	Mar	Abr	May	Jun	Jul	Ago	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dic	Total
Ae. El salvador	1	8	15	12	24	14	22	14	16	38	13	20	197
Total	1	8	15	12	24	14	22	14	16	38	13	20	197

Direccion general de migracion y extranjería

Salvadoreños menores de edad deportados Periodo de enero a diciembre de 2005

Puesto migratorio	Ene	Feb	Mar	Abr	May	Jun	Jul	Ago	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dic	Total
La hachadura	86	116	355	212	179	207	191	161	229	38	13	88	1.875
Las chinamas	0	0	0	0	5	2	7	0	0	0	1	0	15
San cristobal	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6
Anguiatu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
Ae. El salvador	12	11	14	12	20	25	33	17	28	40	30	30	272
Total	98	133	369	224	204	234	231	178	257	79	44	118	2.169

ANEXO XX

ATENCIÓN A VÍCTIMAS DE TRATA

Hogar Huellas de Esperanza, Fundación Huellas

Fecha de apertura del hogar: 1 de mayo 2006

Total de víctimas atendidas: 99

Sexo masculino: 6

Sexo femenino: 93

Grupos de edad	Número de víctimas
De 0 a 3 años	9
De 3 a 6 años	4
De 6 a 9 años	3
De 9 a 12 años	6
De 12 a 15 años	25
De 15 a 18 años	42
De 18 a 21 años	5
De 21 a 24 años	3
De 24 a 27 años	2
De 27 a 30 años	0
Más de 30 años
Total	99

Nacionalidad de las víctimas	Número de víctimas
Salvadoreñas	52
Guatemaltecas	8
Nicaragüense	12
Hondureños	7
Mexicanos	10
Colombianos	4

El albergue de Víctimas de Trata esta a cargo de la Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, y administración por la Fundación Huellas.

Es un albergue especializado para la atención directa a víctimas de Trata. Se administra por Fundación Huellas mediante un memorando de entendimiento entre el Gobierno de El Salvador y la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM).

Objetivo del Albergue: proporcionar un espacio transitorio, seguro y confiable, para la protección de personas víctimas de Trata, en el que se brinde una atención directa integral con base en abordajes oportunos, basado en derechos y con parámetros de calidad y credibilidad tanto para las nacionales como para las extranjeras. El proyecto contempla cubrir las necesidades básicas de las víctimas: alimentación, techo y vestido, así como una serie de asistencias especificas propias de cada área de atención.

Se cuenta con seis áreas de atención íntimamente relacionadas: atención médica; asistencia directa de problemas de salud de las víctimas, así como coordinaciones para atenciones especializadas con organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales relacionadas en salud; atención psicológica; asistencia directa en el fortalecimiento y seguimiento del proyecto personal de vida, atendiendo situaciones especificas de superar conflictos, estados de depresión, mejorando autoestima, orientando atención a valoración y abordaje de riesgos; auto cuido; atención de situaciones individuales; alternativa educativa y vocacional; retorno al hogar; reinserción social; atención social; investigación socio económica de cada caso de victimas nacionales identificadas, y la mayor parte de datos que se pudieran obtener de las extranjeras que colaboran en el abordaje integral de las víctimas; atención legal; asesoría legal y preparación para enfrentar procedimientos judiciales, educación en derechos y deberes, seguimiento de cada caso; atención educativa; plan individual de atención educativa tanto formal como informal (talleres vocacionales de alternativa productiva); atención espiritual; derecho a sentirse confortado según su propia creencia; otras atenciones como asistencia a actividades recreativas, visitas familiares y realización de diferentes actividades no lúdicas.

ANEXO XXI

A. DELITOS PRESUNTAMENTE COMETIDOS POR PERSONAS MENORESDE 18 AÑOS DE EDAD, 2006

(Fiscalía General de la República)

Tipo de delito	Total
Homicidio Simple	61
Homicidio Agravado	113
Homicidio Culposo	8
Aborto Consentido y Propio	2
Aborto Culposo	1
Lesiones	503
Lesiones Graves	18
Lesiones Muy Graves	1
Lesiones Agravadas	4
Lesiones Culposas	49
Privación de Libertad	65
Secuestro	1
Coacción	4
Amenazas	374
Violación	80
Violación en Menor o Incapaz	108
Otras Agresiones Sexuales	49
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz	74
Violación y Agresión Sexual Agravada	8
Estupro	25
Estupro por Prevalimiento	1
Acoso Sexual	26
Inducción, Promoción y Favorecimiento de Actos Sexuales o Eróticos	1
Exhibiciones Obscenas	2
Utilización de Personas Menores de Dieciocho Años e Incapaces	2
Abandono y Desamparo de Persona	2
Violencia Intrafamiliar	36
Incumplimiento de los Deberes de Asistencia Económica	1
Inducción al Abandono	4
Maltrato Infantil	2
Hurto	370
Hurto Agravado	222
Robo	169
Robo Agravado	449
Extorsión	172
Estafa	8
Estafa Agravada	2
Apropiación o Retención Indebidas	1
Daños	181
Daños Agravados	15
Violación de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos	1
Contaminación Ambiental	1
Depredación de Flora Protegida	1
Depredación de Fauna	1
Incendio	4
Fabricación y Comercio de Alimentos Nocivos	1
Envenenamiento, Contaminación o Adulteración de Aguas y Sustancias	1
Falsificación, Tenencia o Alteración de Moneda	1
Venta o Circulación de Moneda, Estampilla o Especies Fiscales	1
Falsedad Material	3
Supresión, Destrucción u Ocultación de Documentos Verdaderos	1
Uso y Tenencia de Documentos Falsos	6
Uso Falso de Documento de Identidad	9
Denuncia o Acusación Calumniosa	4
Falso Testimonio	6
Encubrimiento	4
Desobediencia a Mandato Judicial	1
Patrocinio Infiel	1
Evasión	3
Favorecimiento de la Evasión	1
Cohecho Impropio	1
Resistencia	448
Desobediencia de Particulares	5
Actos de Terrorismo	4
Agrupaciones Ilícitas	2.408
Tenencia, Portación o Conducción de Armas de Guerra	12
Comercio Ilegal y Depósito de Armas	1
Desórdenes Públicos	366
Lesiones y Golpes	27
Amenazas Leves	4
Hurto	2
Daños	6
Tenencia Injustificada de Ganzúas o Llaves Falsas	1
Suministro Indebido de Bebidas Alcohólicas	1
Actos Contrarios a las Buenas Costumbres y al Decoro Público	1
Inobservancia de las Providencias de la Autoridad	1
Perturbación de la Tranquilidad Pública o Privada	2
Homicidio Simple en Grado de Tentativa	46
Disparo de Arma de Fuego	9
Amenazas con Agravación Especial	91
Violación Agravada	35
Violación en Grado de Tentativa	2
Violación en Menor o Incapaz Agravada	7
Violación en Menor o Incapaz en Grado de Tentativa	5
Agresión Sexual en Menor e Incapaz Agravada	2
Homicidio Agravado en Grado de Tentativa	45
Hurto Agravado en Grado de Tentativa	29
Robo Agravado en Grado de Tentativa	45
Extorsión en Grado de Tentativa	1
Receptación	108
Conducción de Mercaderías de Dudosa Procedencia	4
Remoción o Alteración de Linderos	2
Falsificación de Señas y Marcas	1
Desobediencia en Caso de Violencia Intrafamiliar	17
Fabricación, Portación, Tenencia o Comercio Ilegal de Armas	32
Tenencia, Portación o Conducción Ilegal de Armas de Fuego	203
Tráfico Ilegal de Personas	3
Comercio, Tráfico y Almacenamiento Ilícito	1
Posesión y Tenencia de Drogas	180
Exhibición Intencional	2
Cooperación en el Trafico de Drogas	2
Asociaciones Delictivas	1
Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas	20
Venta de Elementos Aptos para la Violencia	1
Contrabando de Mercaderías	10
Evasión en Grado de Tentativa	2
Otras Agresiones Sexuales Agravadas	1
Robo en Grado de Tentativa	26
Violación Agravada en Grado de Tentativa	3
Conducción Temeraria de Vehículo de Motor	10
Utilización u Ocupación Ilegal de Inmuebles	9
Asociaciones Ilícitas	397
Hurto en Grado de Tentativa	31
Violación Agravada en Menor o Incapaz	11
Determinación a la Prostitución en Grado de Tentativa	3
Sin Registro	1
Total	7.953

B. Delitos contra la vida cometidos contra menores de edad (2004 – 2006)

(Fiscalía General de la República)

Año	Edad de víctima y número de casos	Total
0-10 años	11-18 años
Año 2004
Homicidio Simple	63	260	323
Homicidio Agravado	17	52	69
Inducción o Ayuda al Suicidio	0	1	1
Homicidio Culposo	115	83	198
Homicidio Simple en Grado de Tentativa	20	75	95
Proposición y Conspiración en el Delito de Homicidio Agravado	0	1	1
Homicidio Agravado en Grado de Tentativa	2	19	21
Total	218	492	710
Año 2005
Homicidio Agravado	10	96	106
Homicidio Simple	9	171	180
Inducción o Ayuda al Suicidio	0	2	2
Homicidio Culposo	99	80	179
Homicidio Simple en Grado de Tentativa	16	91	107
Encubrimiento en el delito de Homicidio Agravado	0	0	0
Complicidad en el delito de Homicidio Agravado	0	0	0
Proposición y Conspiración en el Delito de Homicidio Agravado	0	0	0
Homicidio Agravado en Grado de Tentativa	7	23	30
Total	141	467	608
Año 2006 (hasta agosto)
Homicidio Simple			0
Homicidio Agravado			0
Inducción o Ayuda al Suicidio	0	1	1
Homicidio Culposo	56	38	94
Homicidio Simple en Grado de Tentativa	10	36	46
Proposición y Conspiración en el Delito de Homicidio Agravado	0	0	0
Homicidio Agravado en Grado de Tentativa	8	13	21
Total	101	306	407

ANEXO XXII

Programa de Desarrollo Continuo para Inspectores de Trabajo, Años 2004 y 2005

Numero	Temas	Fechas	Numero de personal
1	Seminario sobre Convenio 81 de la OIT Relativo a la Inspección de Trabajo en la Industria y Comercio	Febrero 2004	50
2	Seminario sobre Convenio 129 de la OIT relativo a la Inspección de Trabajo en la Agricultura	Febrero 2004	50
3	Seminario sobre “El nuevo enfoque de la Inspección Preventiva”	17 al 21 de Mayo 2004	30
4	Formación de Conciliadores en materia Laboral dirigido a Inspectores de Trabajo	9 al 13 de Agosto 2004	26
5	Seminario sobre mejoras Practicas “ Mayor respeto a los derechos laborales internacionalmente reconocidos y los derivados de las negociaciones Comerciales con los Estados Unidos de América	19 y 20 de Agosto de 2004	20
6	Desafíos del MINTRAB ante el TLC con los Estados Unidos de América	10 y 11 de Diciembre2004	15
7	Trabajo Decente e Inserción Social de Jóvenes a Través del Deporte	13 y 14 de Enero 2005	8
8	Taller sobre Trabajo Decente y Buenas Prácticas Laborales	27 y 28 de Abril 2005	20
9	La Inspección de Trabajo frente a la Implementación exitosa del CAFTA Retos y Compromisos.	20 al 21 de Julio 2005	29
1	El arte de la Posibilidad	10 Y 13 de Agosto 2005 (1G) 17 Y 20 de Agosto de 2005 (2G)	108
2	Desarrollo de Habilidades de Trabajo	26 Y 27 de Agosto 2005 (1G) 02 Y 03 de Septiembre 2005 (2G)
3	Técnicas de Redacción de Informes Técnicos	09 Y 10 de Septiembre 2005 (1G) 16 Y 17 de Septiembre 2005 (2G)
4	Gestión y Mejora de la Calidad del Servicio	30 Sept. y 01 Octubre 2005 (1G) 07 y 08 de Octubre 2005 (2G)
5	Formación y Dirección de Equipos Efectivos	14 y 15 de Octubre 2005 (1G) 21 y 22 de Octubre 2005 (2G)
6	Sistema de Información Gerencial I	28 y 29 de Octubre 2005 (1G) 04 y 05 de Noviembre 2005 (2G)
7	Sistema de Información Gerencial II	25 y 26 de Noviembre 2005 (1G) 02 y 03 de Diciembre 2005(2G)
8	Modelo de Servicio Atención al Usuario I	11 y 12 de Noviembre 2005 (1G) 18y 19 de Noviembre 2005 (2G)
9	Modelo de Servicio Atención al Usuario II	09 y 15 de Diciembre 2005 (1G) 16 y 17 de Diciembre 2005 (2G)
Total de Participantes	356

“Programa de Desarrollo Continuo para Inspectores”, Año 2006

Numero	Nombre	Fecha	Numero de participantes
1	Sistema de Inspección de Trabajo Básico	19 y 20 de Enero 2006 (1G) 27 y 28 de Enero 2006 (2G)	60
2	Sistema de Inspección de Trabajo Intermedio	02 y 03 de Febrero 2006 (1G) 09 y 10 de Febrero 2006 (2G)
3	Sistema de Inspección de Trabajo Avanzado	16 de Febrero 2006 (1G) 17 de Febrero 2006(2G)
4	Reingeniería de Procesos	23 y 24 de Febrero 2006 (1G) 02 y 03 de Marzo 2006 (2G)
5	La Discriminación en el Trabajo (FLA)	18 y 19 de Mayo 2006	26
6	Conferencia Sobre la Inspección de Trabajo en la Republica Dominicana y su Sistema Informático	06 de Junio 2006	100
7	Seminario Sobre Auditoria Social para INSPECTORES DE TRABAJO	17 al 19 de Julio 2006	38
8	Auditoria Social para Inspectores de Trabajo	20 al 22 de Julio 2006	39
9	Instrucción al Sistema de Información de Datos MASTER LEX	6 al 14 de Septiembre 2006	30
10	Modelo de Equidad de Genero	21 al 23 de Septiembre 2006	28
11	Diplomado en Especializado en Legislación Laboral	16 al 20 de Noviembre 2006 20 al 22 de Diciembre 2006 06 al 08 de Diciembre 2006	89
12	Auditoria Social para Inspectores de Trabajo	27al 29 de Noviembre 2006	38
13	Auditoria Social para Inspectores de Trabajo	30 de Noviembre 2006 al 02 de Diciembre 2006	36
Total de Participantes	484

“Programa de Desarrollo Continuo para Inspectores”, Marzo a junio de 2007

Numero	Temas	Fechas	Numero de personal
1	Taller sobre ley de Equiparación de Oportunidades para las personas con DISCAPACIDADES	7,8 Y 15 de Marzo	85
2	Taller sobre la Ley de Equiparación de Oportunidades para personal con Discapacidades	13 de Abril	25
3	Seminario Taller Explotación Sexual Comercial de Niños(as) y Adolescentes	18 y 25 de Mayo y 01 de Junio	90
Total		200

ANEXO XXIII

PROGRAMA DE PREVENCIÓN

Estimación de los recursos utilizados en programas preventivos dirigidos a niños(as) y adolescentes

(Monto en dólares de los ee.uu.)

Nombre del proyecto/acciones	Aporte del Gobierno	Aporte de la empresa privada	Donación de organismos internacionales	Total	Comentarios
2004
Comisión Nacional Antidrogas
Programa de acercamiento a jóvenes en riesgo en el municipio de Soyapango, durante los meses de enero a mayo de 2004		6.937,5	4.999,0	11.936,5	Fundación Salvador del Mundo (FUS)
Encuentro nacional de jóvenes para la prevención del consumo de drogas marzo de 2004			670,8	670,8	Aporte del Programa de Naciones
Celebración de la Semana Nacional de la Lucha contra las Drogas en los departamentos de Santa Ana, Cabañas, Usulután y Apopa Soyapango del 18 al 30 de junio de 2004	4.964,7	4.120,0		9.084,7	Aporte de la empresa privada
Dirección General de Seguridad Ciudadana
Fomento del esparcimiento para promover una juventud sana (Deportevías)	20.000,0			20.000,0
Fomento para el incremento de la seguridad ciudadana (apoyo actividades deportivas)	149.635,4			149.635,4
Promoción del desarrollo comunitario, (charlas, centros escolares, actividades, recreativas, papelería membretada)	61.870,0			61.870,0
Dirección General de Centros Penales
Servicio de alimentación a los niños y niñas de 0 a 7 años de edad, hijos e hijas de las internas recluidas en el sistema penitenciario	16.644,0			16.644,0
Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería
Servicio de atención inmediata a salvadoreños y salvadoreñas menores de edad que regresan voluntaria o involuntariamente de los EE.UU. a El Salvador (alimentación, salud, asesoría legal, transporte a su lugar de residencia, orientación psicosocial)	386,2			386,2
Policía Nacional Civil
Fortalecimiento institucional para la prevención, investigación y persecución de los delitos de explotación sexual comercial de personas menores de edad			27.392,72	27.392,7	Organismo Internacional del Trabajo - programa
Total	253.500,4	11.057,5	33.062,5	297.620,3

Nombre del proyecto/acciones	Aporte del Gobierno	Aporte de la empresa privada	Donación de organismos internacionales	Total	Comentarios
2005
Comisión Nacional Antidrogas
Celebración de la Semana Nacional de la Lucha contra las Drogas del 26 al 30 de junio de 2005, departamentos de Ahuachapán, Santa Ana, San Vicente	40.943,7	2.203,4		43.147,1	Empresas donantes: SIGMA, SISA, Droguería Santa Lucía, Guillermo Borja
Dirección General de Seguridad Ciudadana
Fomento del esparcimiento para promover una juventud sana (Deportevías)	20.000,0			20.000,0
Promoción del desarrollo comunitario, (charlas, centros escolares, actividades, recreativas, papelería membretada)	149.635,4			149.635,4
Servicio de alimentación a los niños y niñas de 0 a 7 años de edad, hijos e hijas de las internas recluidas en el sistema penitenciario	61.870,0			61.870,0
Dirección General de Centros Penales
Servicio de alimentación a los niños y niñas de 0 a 7 años de edad, hijos e hijas de las internas recluidas en el sistema penitenciario	11.234,7			11.234,7
Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería
Servicio de atención inmediata a salvadoreños y salvadoreñas menores de edad y adolescentes que regresan voluntaria o involuntariamente de los EE.UU. a El Salvador	1.433,2			1.433,2
Policía Nacional Civil
Fortalecimiento institucional para la prevención, investigación y persecución de los delitos de explotación sexual comercial de personas menores de edad			27.392,7	27.392,7	Aporte del Organismo Internacional del Trabajo - programa
Total	285.117,0	2.203,4	27.392,7	314.713,2

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