COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIALAND CULTURAL RIGHTSThirty‑ninth sessionGeneva, 5‑23 November 2007

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS

CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 16 OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS

Replies by the Government of SAN MARINO to the list of issues (E/C.12/SMR/Q/4) to be taken up in connection with the consideration of the fifth periodic report of San Marino concerning the rights referred to in articles 1 ‑ 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (E/C.12/SMR/4) *

[29 August 2007]

REPLIES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF SAN MARINO TO THE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE FOURTHPERIODIC REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIALAND CULTURAL RIGHTS (E/C.12/SMR/4)

1.Following the entry into force of Constitutional Law n. 144 of 30 October 2003 (Bodies of the Judicial Power. Establishment, definition and responsibilities), the Council of the Twelve no longer performs the jurisdictional functions of Highest Judge of Appeal in administrative and civil judgements. Indeed, according to Article 3, second paragraph, of Law 144/2003, the above‑mentioned functions are now entrusted to the Highest Judge of Appeal, who is also responsible for the decision on pleas for lack of competence in civil judgements. However, the Council of the Twelve is still competent for issuing decisions on the deed of indemnity relative to civil matters, which have been declared per empted. In this regard, worth specifying is that per emption is a way to extinguish the proceeding following a period of guilty inactivity by the parties, the calculation of which is expressly governed by the regulations in force. Following the deed of indemnity granted by the Council of the Twelve, the plaintiff has the possibility, with the sanction of reimbursement of expenses, of proceeding with the cause, that is with the per empted proceeding.

2.The Report referred to in Document E/C.12/SMR/4, as well as the answers to these additional questions, have been drafted by a working group, made up of the different sectors of San Marino Public Administration covered, on account of their competence, by the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and by the “General guidelines regarding the form and content of periodic reports” (document HRI/GEN/2/Rev.3). NGOs and civil society have not been involved in the drafting of the Report.

3.The commitment to establishing by law the Ombudsman institution was included in the “Government Programme for the 26th Legislature”, approved on 17 July 2006 by the political parties forming the current coalition. On 21 May 2007, the Congress of State stated, in a press release, that after the successful conclusion of the six‑month Chairmanship of the Council of Europe (November 2006‑May 2007), one of the priorities of the Government in the coming months will be to study the Ombudsman institution, whose important aim will be to ensure respect for the human rights of any person in San Marino.

4.San Marino regularly implements an economic cooperation policy aimed at promoting and protecting human rights in third Countries. This policy is not implemented directly through the transfer to beneficiary Countries of budget funds specifically allocated to this end or, more generally, for the purpose of the so‑called cooperation for development, but indirectly through voluntary financing of activities and projects conceived and implemented for the same purposes by San Marino and or international volunteer associations, non governmental organisations and international bodies operating in these Countries.

5.Although not expressly mentioned in Article 4 of the Declaration on the Citizens’ Rights, discriminatory behaviours against any individual on account of his/her race, language and national origin are considered prohibited in every respect, taking into consideration that these aspects are included in the concept of “personal conditions” expressly mentioned in the Article under examination. This interpretation is confirmed by numerous legislative measures concerning sectors (such as school, work, etc.), where discriminatory behaviours based on race, language, national origin and colour are explicitly excluded.

6.Hereunder is a table prepared by the Office of Economic Planning, Data Processing and Statistics of the Republic of San Marino. Please note that the term “residents” refers to persons, either San Marino citizens or foreigners, who have their registered residence in the Republic, whereas “staying persons” are foreigners bearing a permit to stay in San Marino.

Population by citizenship, status and sex as of 31 December 2006

	Residents	Staying persons	R+S
M	F	MF	M	F	MF	M	F	MF
San Marino	12 613	13 819	26 432	.	.	.	12 613	13 819	26 432
Albania	9	16	25	9	11	20	18	27	45
Algeria	1	.	1	.	.	.	1	.	1
Argentina	39	26	65	5	6	11	44	32	76
Austria	1	3	4	.	1	1	1	4	5
Barbados	1	.	1	.	.	.	1	.	1
Belarus	1	3	4	1	5	6	2	8	10
Belgium	2	3	5	.	.	.	2	3	5
Benin	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1	1	2	.	.	.	1	1	2
Brazil	3	16	19	3	4	7	6	20	26
Bulgaria	1	2	3	.	2	2	1	4	5
Cameroon	.	.	.	1	.	1	1	.	1
Chile	4	2	6	.	.	.	4	2	6
China	3	5	8	1	1	2	4	6	10
Colombia	.	3	3	.	.	.	.	3	3
Congo	2	.	2	1	1	2	3	1	4
Croatia	7	9	16	11	11	22	18	20	38
Cuba	5	7	12	2	2	4	7	9	16
Czech Republic	.	4	4	1	.	1	1	4	5
Dominican Republic	.	4	4	.	3	3	.	7	7
Ecuador	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Egypt	3	1	4	1	.	1	4	1	5
Eritrea	.	.	.	1	3	4	1	3	4
Finland	.	3	3	1	1	2	1	4	5
France	11	12	23	2	4	6	13	16	29
Germany	3	2	5	.	1	1	3	3	6
Greece	1	.	1	.	.	.	1	.	1
Guatemala	.	1	1	.	.	.	.	1	1
Holland	.	.	.	1	1	2	1	1	2
Hungary	1	2	3	2	1	3	3	3	6
India	1	.	1	.	.	.	1	.	1
Iran	4	5	9	.	.	.	4	5	9
Ireland	.	1	1	.	.	.	.	1	1
Israel	.	.	.	.	1	1	.	1	1
Italy	2 159	1 317	3 476	425	367	792	2 584	1 684	4 268
Ivory Coast	1	.	1	1	.	1	2	.	2
Japan	.	1	1	.	1	1	.	2	2
Jordan	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Kyrgyzstan	.	.	.	.	1	1	.	1	1
Latvia	.	.	.	1	1	2	1	1	2
Lebanon	.	.	.	1	.	1	1	.	1
Lithuania	1	1	2	.	.	.	1	1	2
Luxembourg	.	1	1	.	.	.	.	1	1
Macedonia	.	.	.	1	.	1	1	.	1
Madagascar	.	1	1	.	.	.	.	1	1
Mauritania	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Mexico	.	4	4	1	1	2	1	5	6
Moldavia	.	2	2	4	26	30	4	28	32
Morocco	4	4	8	3	3	6	7	7	14
Nigeria	.	2	2	.	3	3	.	5	5
Norway	.	1	1	.	.	.	.	1	1
Panama	1	.	1	.	.	.	1	.	1
Peru	.	3	3	.	.	.	.	3	3
Poland	3	18	21	5	11	16	8	29	37
Portugal	.	2	2	.	.	.	.	2	2
Romania	10	63	73	34	73	107	44	136	180
Russian Federation	1	14	15	.	12	12	1	26	27
Senegal	1	.	1	.	.	.	1	.	1
Serbia	2	2	4	.	1	1	2	3	5
Slovakia	1	8	9	.	1	1	1	9	10
Slovenia	.	1	1	.	.	.	.	1	1
Somalia	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Spain	.	2	2	.	.	.	.	2	2
Sweden	1	1	2	.	1	1	1	2	3
Switzerland	.	.	.	.	1	1	.	1	1
Thailand	.	1	1	.	.	.	.	1	1
Tunisia	2	1	3	.	.	.	2	1	3
Turkey	2	.	2	1	1	2	3	1	4
Ukraine	2	34	36	6	154	160	8	188	196
United Kingdom	1	2	3	1	.	1	2	2	4
United States of America	13	5	18	.	.	.	13	5	18
Viet Nam	2	3	5	.	.	.	2	3	5
Zambia	.	.	.	1	.	1	1	.	1
Other citizenship	.	.	.	1	.	1	1	.	1
Total	14 924	15 444	30 368	529	717	1 246	15 453	16 161	31 614

7.Until now, the presence of communities of foreigners, the sizes of which can still be considered as small, with the exception of the Italian one, has not caused serious problems in terms of integration and it has not led to in‑depth reflections on their legitimate right to express their own cultural identity. We cannot deny that San Marino, like the nearby Italian regions, is still characterised by some prejudice and stereotype attitudes towards some groups of people who are not San Marino citizens; however, they have never degenerated into clear racist or xenophobic movements. On the contrary, in San Marino, many initiatives have been carried out both by institutions and associations in order to raise the awareness of people on some important issues, such as discrimination and intolerance, and to enhance social cohesion. Also immigrants can be involved in cultural associations, which are, by law, part of the Council of Cultural Associations and Cooperatives. The Council is a local social and cultural agency coordinated by the Secretariat of State for Education, Culture, University and Social Affairs, which is the central governmental body responsible for the enhancement and promotion of cultural policy.

8.The Council offers its support through financial contributions annually granted upon request and through free use of public structures and services with a view to promoting cultural activities (for example, free post, free billposting, printing and binding of informative material). An information service to assist both workers and employers in carrying out bureaucratic procedures has already been activated at the Trade Unions. This service particularly deals with home assistance, mainly to elderly and ill people.

9.Finally, a group of volunteer women has founded an association called “Le amiche di Ruth” (Ruth’s girlfriends) and targeted to the so‑called “badanti”, that is to say women employed to assist elderly or non self‑sufficient people or as cleaners, mainly foreigners. This association organises various courses (language, computer, cooking, etc.) for foreign women living in San Marino. Its objective is not only to facilitate their integration into local society and culture, but also to establish a closer relationship with people of different cultures and to encourage cultural exchanges for a mutual enrichment. With a view to further promoting cultures and different ecclesial traditions, the Diocese of San Marino Montefeltro extended to Christians of different confessions the invitation to take part in the Liturgy in the Byzantine rite, celebrated for the first time in the Saint’s Basilica on 20 January 2006.

10.With regard to the importance attached to “social cohesion”, in November 2006 San Marino promoted the organisation of a conference entitled “Migrations and Development”, on the eve of taking up the Chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. The objective of this initiative, organized by the Museum of the Emigrant - Permanent Study Centre on Emigration - and sponsored by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, in the light of the evident connection between migration flows and plural societies, was to contribute to the analysis of this theme, within the wider framework of intercultural dialogue, while trying to propose specific solutions.

11. The first legislative action carried out by the Republic of San Marino to implement equal opportunities between women and men was the right of women, recognised in 1953, to freely administer their own property, an action still in progress today. The laws particularly dealing with the possibility for women of participating in the public life can be summarised as follows:

Law n. 35 of 22 September 1953 on free alienation of property;

Law n. 36 of 22 September 1953 on equal rights regarding property and inheritance;

Law n. 17 of 29 April 1959 on women’s right to vote;

Law n. 7 of 17 February 1961 on equal remuneration for women and men;

Law n. 29 of 10 September 1973 on women’s right to be voted and hold public offices;

Law n. 6 of 1 March 1979 on incentives for women’s open‑ended employment;

Law n. 40 of 25 May 1981 on the prohibition of discrimination in the workplace;

Law n. 134 of 24 November 1997 on support to young female entrepreneurship;

Law n. 26 of 24 February 2004 on the establishment of the Commission for Equal Opportunities.

Women’s economic emancipation has paved the way for, and probably favoured, their access to representative democracy institutions. As far as citizenship transmission is concerned, Law no. 84 of 17 June 2004 recognises the right for both parents to transmit their citizenship to their children.

12.The Labour Inspectorate, established with Law No. 42 of 22 December 1955, is the section of the Labour Office responsible for ensuring compliance with the labour legislation by businesses of any type and, as a rule, wherever dependent or independent work is performed. It controls the duration of work, authorizes overtime and work on Sundays or national holidays. It also: grants and issues working permits, for periods not exceeding 15 days, to non‑resident firms; authorizes the posting of employees from foreign firms to San Marino ones; ascertains the legitimacy of project‑based contracts. Moreover it disseminates information both to citizens and enterprises with regard to legislation in labour matters. Its area of competence does not include special matters such as health and safety on the workplace (responsibility of the Environmental Health Service) and tax and contribution payments (responsibility of the Social Security Institute Inspectorate). Other inspection and supervision bodies of the Public Administration operating domestically, as well as military and civil police corps may incidentally perform the same function. Labour Inspection applies to the banking, financial, trading, industrial, and service sectors, to private and public housing, farming, handicraft, etc.

13.The Labour Inspectorate acts in full autonomy and relies, if necessary, on the cooperation of the Civil Police and of the Gendarmerie, as well as of other inspection bodies operating domestically, notably the Environmental Health Service and the Social Security Institute Inspectorate. Moreover, for the purpose of more effective control and supervision, Law No. 131/2005 requires the Labour Inspectorate to periodically take special coordinated action jointly with the police and other inspection bodies operating domestically. At present, San Marino has not yet taken into consideration the possibility to adhere to ILO Convention no. 81.

14.Over these months, the Commission for Equal Opportunities has been discussing the issues of the “Pan‑European campaign to prevent and combat violence against women”. The Commission met the person responsible for the Campaign and informally collected testimonies directly from operators of this sector and people victims of domestic violence. The Commission has actively promoted a reform of the Electoral Law in order to have a higher representation of women in Parliament (Great and General Council). However, this initiative has not been supported by most of the parties of Catholic inspiration and by a minority of the reformist wing.

15.The Commission has involved the Secretariats of State for Health, Justice and Education in an analysis of the entire San Marino legislation in order to identify all areas where discrimination still exists. Once the analysis stage is over, a bill aimed at eliminating all forms of discrimination identified will be drafted. The only complaint filed with the Commission since 21 November 2006 (date of establishment for the current Legislature) concerns the issue of family allowances and post‑partum leave. This complaint, filed by a San Marino mother, was examined by the Commission in the framework of the assessment of the legislation, which will have to lead to the draft Organic Law against all Forms of Discrimination.

16.As already mentioned in paragraph 125 of the Report, there are no legislative restrictions to the exercise of the right to strike: with the exception of Law n. 46 of 22 February 2006, which amends Article 240 of the Criminal Code, strikes are still managed by social partners and workers without any legal restriction or specific regulations, in order to ensure basic services, for instance in the health sector.

17.The frequency of strikes in San Marino and the most affected sectors can be inferred from the following table, prepared by the Office of Economic Planning, Data Processing and Statistics of the Republic of San Marino.

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Table 11/b.10. Labour conflicts
Conflicts involving:	Company	6	1	0	5	1	0
	Category	3		8	1	0	2
	Several categories		1	5	1	0	0
	Total	9	2	13	7	1	2
Workers participating	Company	374	15		133	70	0
in conflicts involving:	Category	2 800		45 300	15	0	4 000
	Several categories		5 000	26 000	2 000	0	0
	Total	3 174	5 015	71 300	2 148	70	4 000
Working hours lost due	Company	7 468	45		1 230	3 500	0
to conflicts involving:	Category	24 200		332 520	113	0	24 000
	Several categories		20 000	122 000	6 000	0	0
	Total	31 688	20 045	454 520	7 343	3 500	24 000
Table 11/b.11. Labour conflicts by cause
Number of cases	Dismissal	2
concerning:	Labour contract renewal	6		12	5		2
	Suspension of workers		1
	Regulatory economic claim	1
	Other		1	1	2	1
	Total	9	2	13	7	1	2
Workers participating	Dismissal	104
in conflicts concerning:	Labour contract renewal	3 040		67 300	78		4 000
	Suspension of workers		15
	Regulatory economic claim	30
	Other		5 000	4 000	2 070	70
	Total	3 174	5 015	71 300	2 148	70	4 000
Working hours lost due	Dismissal	680
to conflicts concerning:	Labour contract renewal	26 488		442 520	293		24 000
	Suspension of workers		45
	Regulatory economic claim	4 500
	Other		20 000	12 000	7 050	3 500
	Total	31 668	20 045	454 520	7 343	3 500	24 000
Table 11/b.12. Labour conflicts by economic activity sector
Manufacturing industries:	Number of cases			5			2
All classes	Participating workers			40 000			4 000
	Working hours lost			300 000			24 000
Textile industries	Number of cases				3
	Participating workers				18
	Working hours lost				135
Mechanical industries	Number of cases	2			2
	Participating workers	104			115
	Working hours lost	680			1 095
Chemical industries and	Number of cases	1
oil and coal derivatives	Participating workers	30
industries	Working hours lost	4 500
Polygraphic, publishing	Number of cases					1
and similar industries	Participating workers					70
	Working hours lost					3 500
Building industries and	Number of cases	2
plant installation	Participating workers	1 300
	Working hours lost	18 200
Commerce	Number of cases	1
	Participating workers	1 500
	Working hours lost	6 000
Credit and insurance	Number of cases	3
	Participating workers	240
	Working hours lost	2 288
Public administration	Number of cases		1	3	1
	Participating workers		15	5 300	15
	Working hours lost		45	32 520	113
All sectors	Number of cases		1	4	1
	Participating workers		5 000	20 000	2 000
	Working hours lost		20 000	104 000	6 000
All classes	Number of cases			1
	Participating workers			6 000
	Working hours lost			18 000
Total number of conflicts		9	2	13	7	1	2
Total number of participants		3 174	5 015	71 300	2 148	70	4 000
Total number of lost working hours		31 668	20 045	454 520	7 343	3 500	24 000

18. Unemployment benefits are granted directly by the Social Security Institute (SSI) only to San Marino residents. The reference to non‑citizens is therefore incorrect. However, the Convention signed between Italy and San Marino on social security provides for the right to unemployment benefits in favour of those cross border workers who have interrupted their employment relationship in one of the two States. Indeed, in case of workers residing in Italy and employed in San Marino who interrupt their employment relationship, the Convention provides that unemployment benefits be granted directly by the competent Italian institution, which will be subsequently reimbursed by the SSI for the expenses borne. Therefore, a specific SSI budget item provides for the amount allocated for reimbursements (see annexed tables, from which the considerable amounts allocated for reimbursements under the Convention can be implied, compared to the amounts allocated in favour of San Marino residents).

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Unemployment benefit	€16 552.45	€13 511.03	€15 716.48	€12 649.21	€9 731.79
Unemployment benefit granted under the Convention between Italy and San Marino	€118 000.00	€127 200.00	€600 000.00	€740 000.00	€740 000.00

19.At present, San Marino has not yet taken into consideration the possibility of acceding to ILO Conventions no. 102 and 118. (See attached table)

	Loans granted	of which to young couples
2003	146	17
2004	155	33
2005	167	38
2006	233	44
2007	261	45

20.With Law n. 84 of 17 June 2004, Amendments to Law n. 114 of 30 November 2000 (Law on Citizenship), both women and men may transmit their citizenship to their children at birth, without waiting until they turn 18 years old.

21.While understanding that the expressions “legitimate children” and “natural children” belong to the common juridical language, this Office intends to specify that it is not aware of any initiative aimed at eliminating the use of such terms.

22.However, worth specifying is that Article 12, third paragraph, of the Declaration on the Citizens’ Rights has introduced a specific reservation guaranteeing that children born outside wedlock shall enjoy spiritual, legal and social protection and be treated on an equal footing as legitimate children. Finally, worth recalling is that, under Article 48 of Law n. 49 of 26 April 1986, recognised natural children acquire the status of legitimate children for all legal purposes, including for inheritance purposes.

23.As already mentioned in paragraph 165 of the report, the problem of poverty in the Republic of San Marino can be considered as completely overcome. Notwithstanding this, some special measures have been introduced in favour of families and people living in difficult situations and in need of help.

24.In particular, Delegated Decree n. 137 of 20 December 2006, implementing Art. 46 of Law n. 179 of 2005, has regulated the use, for the year 2006, of a fund amounting to € 920,000.00 and set up to this end. Out of this fund, a total amount of € 734,500.00 was allocated to 258 families. In 2006, out of these 258 families, 44% had a per capita annual family income lower than € 5,000.00, 29% between € 5,000.00 and € 5,999.00, 14% between € 6,000.00 and € 6,999.00, 7% between € 7,000.00 and € 7,999.00 and 6% between € 9,000.00 and € 9,500.00.

25.Moreover, with Art. 44 of Law n. 135 of 18 December 2006, the so‑called “Social Credit Certificate” was created for the year 2007 and € 700,000.00 were allocated. The guidelines of this Certificate have been defined, pending its effective implementation through an adequate delegated decree. The “Social Credit Certificate” will be granted to individuals living in socially disadvantaged conditions on a family basis, with particular attention to the composition and number of family members, to families living on a single income and with dependent minors, to households with disabled people or not self‑sufficient elderly persons, to households with only retired people, who have to provide for their own sustenance, and to households experiencing social difficulties. The “Social Credit Certificate” “provides for an amount to be used to purchase public or agreed services, to supplement or replace the payment of bills, duties, taxes, fees, medicines, prostheses, treatments and assistance in general”. (See attached tables:)

	Provision of temporary housing
2003	41
2004	48
2005	42
2006	44
2007	39

	Social housing	Cooperative housing
2003	0	66
2004	0	50
2005	0	58
2006	0	57
2007	0	45

26.Law n. 110 of 15 December 1994 and following amendments has de facto put cooperative housing and residential housing on the same footing. Today, social housing is provided exclusively to individuals facing economic and/or social difficulties. The criteria adopted by the regulations now in force guarantee that these houses be occupied by individuals with a low income. At the same time, those who have gained sufficient economic power to resort to the free market are encouraged to leave the social houses previously assigned to them, with the result that the State regularly has at its disposal a sufficient number of houses to face new emergency situations and to meet new needs.

27.Starting from the mid 1980s, the population of Western countries has had at its disposal an average of over a thousand calories more than the average optimal requirements of 2,300 calories. The first consequence of the excessive consumption of food has been the diffusion of obesity in our population. At present, more than 30% of children attending compulsory school is overweight. This condition leads to obesity and hypercholesterolemia in adults, which are both risk factors for pathologies such as cardio‑circulatory diseases, diabetes, arthropathies and cancer. Correct food information and education, adequately included in school programs, can prove very useful to persuade children and adolescents to adopt a healthy diet, based upon a balanced consumption of various food products, with preference for the so‑called “Mediterranean” products, such as bread, pasta, legumes, fish, olive oil, citrus and in season fruit, plenty of vegetables. A survey on child obesity was carried out in San Marino during the 2003‑2004 school year in the framework of preventive medical examinations for the pupils of the primary school (first and fifth classes) and of the middle school (third class). This survey involved 665 children in the primary school and 176 in the middle school. The results have shown that:

	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight	Obese
Primary school	6.77%	50.38%	17.29%	25.56%
Middle school	13.07%	49.43%	13.64%	23.86%

28.The Psychiatric Sector deals with prevention, healthcare and rehabilitation of individuals from 18 years of age onwards affected by mental health problems. The activities are divided up into three sectors:

(1)Psychiatry: service provided on the territory to its patients both as home assistance and as outpatient care. The hospital is not equipped with a psychiatric ward, therefore patients are hospitalised in hospitals and clinics located outside the territory.

(2)Psychiatric rehabilitation: management of ateliers for the production and sale of ceramics and other handicraft products, of shops where the manufactured products are sold, etc.

(3)Pathological addictions (drug addiction and alcohol‑related problems): therapeutic and rehabilitation programs are implemented, as well as an observatory on youth problems, etc.

Psychiatric service

In 2003, 3,795 psychiatric examinations were carried out, from which only a very small percentage were first examinations (1.8%) (tables A and B).

Table A. Psychiatric examinations (2003)

	Number of examinations
Psychiatric examinations	3 726
First examinations	69
Total	3 795

Table B. Activities in hospital wards (2003)

Examinations in the ward	391
Patients	192

In 2003, hospitalisations outside the territory decreased significantly, both in terms of number of hospitalisations and of their average length. In particular:

the number of hospitalisation days in clinics located outside the territory decreased from 5,662 in 2002 to 3,316 in 2003, with a 41% reduction compared to the previous year.

Table C. Hospitalisations in facilities located in and outside the territory (2003)

Place of hospitalisation	Outside the territory	Community located outside the territory
Total number of patients	57	37
Number of patients out of 10,000 residents	19.5	§5
Total number of hospitalisation days	3 316	7 142
Average hospitalisation length (in days)	53	193

As shown in the tables above, 19.5 citizens out of 10,000 residents were hospitalised in clinics located outside the territory and 12.5 citizens out of 10,000 residents in communities outside the territory. 34.2 citizens out of 10,000 residents were hospitalised in facilities located on the territory.

Table D. Social service (2003)

Employments and assessments	275
Interviews	1 425
Social interventions on the territory	612

Psychiatric rehabilitation facilities

29.In 2003, the number of users of psychiatric rehabilitation facilities has considerably increased compared to the previous year. The rehabilitation centre “Il Libeccio” and the ceramic ateliers in Galazzano and Fiorentino have a total of 45 users, compared to 29 users in the previous year. Therefore, in 2003, 14.4 residents out of 10,000 resorted to these facilities.

30.Fifty‑seven (57) HIV/AIDS cases have been recorded so far, as shown in the following table:

Progr. no.	Birth year	Diagnosis year	Report year	M‑F	Diagnosis age
1	1955	1985	1996	M	30
2	1961	1986	1996	F	25
3	1967	1987	1996	F	20
4	1960	1987	1996	M	27
5	1961	1989	1996	F	28
6	1965	1990	1996	F	25
7	1988	1990	1996	M	2
8	1950	1993	1996	M	43
9	1929	1993	1996	M	64
10	1933	1994	1996	M	61
11	1958	1994	1996	M	36
12	1974	1995	1996	M	21
13	1958	1995	1996	F	37
14	1945	1994	1996	F	49
15	1971	1995	1996	M	24
16	1937	1996	1996	M	59
17	1967	1996	1996	M	29
18	1958	1996	1996	M	38
19	1935	1995	1997	M	60
20	1942	1997	1997	M	55
21	1966	1997	1997	M	31
22	1945	1997	1997	M	52
23	1963	1986	1998	M	23
24	1960	1989	1998	M	29
25	1970	1991	1998	M	21
26	1961	1993	1998	M	32
27	1960	1986	1999	F	26
28	1964	1992	1999	M	28
29	1954	1998	1999	M	44
30	1969	1999	1999	M	30
31	1957	1999	1999	M	42
32	1953	1996	2000	M	43
33	1947	1999	2000	M	52
34	1951	2000	2000	M	49
35	1964	2001	2001	F	37
36	1958	2001	2001	M	43
37	1973	2001	2001	M	28
38	1968	2002	2002	M	34
39	1962	2002	2002	M	40
40	1968	1992	2003	M	24
41	1953	1997	2003	M	44
42	1972	2003	2003	M	31
43	1977	2003	2003	M	26
44	1961	2003	2003	M	42
45	1979	2003	2003	F	24
46	1958	1999	2004	M	41
47	1965	1999	2004	M	34
48	1953	2003	2004	M	50
49	1956	2004	2004	M	48
50	1967	2004	2004	M	37
51	1942	2005	2005	F	63
52	1982	2005	2005	F	23
53	1958	2004	2005	M	46
54	1946	2005	2005	M	59
55	1952	2005	2005	M	53
56	1959	2006	2006	M	47
57	1981	2006	2006	M	25

31.At present, no structured measures have been adopted to combat AIDS. However, the 2006‑2008 Health and Social Plan provides for a strict monitoring of this pathology in order to prepare information campaigns and guarantee adequate healthcare.

Cardiovascular diseases

32.Circulatory diseases still represent the main death cause in our country. Indeed, they are responsible for 44.4% of all deaths (average yearly rate in 1999‑2003), mainly caused by ischemic heart diseases.

33.Male and female students whose mother tongue is not Italian may follow the same lessons as Italian speakers of the same age; however, during the school year 2006‑2007, all school grades were involved in activities aimed at language recovery and consolidation in order to facilitate their effective integration. These initiatives also involved some San Marino students, whose mother‑tongue is not, however, Italian since their parents are San Marino emigrants who then came back to their home country.

34.San Marino RTV, the public radio and television broadcasting company of the Republic of San Marino, was established in August 1991 with a capital stock subscribed in equal parts between the Italian and the San Marino public broadcasting companies, respectively RAI and ERAS. San Marino RTV, which exclusively manages the San Marino broadcasting service, is a member of EBU‑UER (European Broadcasting Union), of COPEAM (Permanent Conference of Mediterranean Audiovisual Operators) ad of the Comunità Radiotelevisiva Italofona (Italian radio and TV around the world).

35.San Marino RTV employs 69 people, among whom 22 journalists, 3 people responsible for the radio sector, 7 for the programs, 3 for teletext and Internet, 25 for the technical sector, 6 for the administrative sector and 3 for the commercial sector. Moreover, San Marino RTV relies on a number of external collaborators.

36.S an Marino RTV manages a TV channel with a teletext service, two radio channels and a web portal. The 24 hour program is by tendency of a general nature. Information plays a fundamental role in the program, with 9 news editions (TG San Marino) starting from 7.15 a.m. Throughout the day, San Marino RTV broadcasts films, documentaries, regular features, as well as programs on institutional and cultural events organised in the Republic, such as ceremonies held on the occasion of national holidays (i.e. the investiture ceremony of the Captains Regent), work sessions of the Great and General Council (Parliament), classical music and theatre performances. Particular attention is paid to tourist initiatives promoted in the Republic and concerning important cultural, fashion, folklore and sport events.

37.On the occasion of the San Marino Chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, San Marino RTV broadcasted, among others, a series of programs focused on the European Conference held in the Republic on 23 and 24 April 2007 and dedicated to the religious dimension of intercultural dialogue.

38.The program of the first radio channel includes information, in‑depth analyses, music, entertainment and public services. The basic philosophy is the “radio outside the radio”, with a view to experiencing the real life of the country. San Marino RTV provides live coverage of important events and special programs about the communities of San Marino citizens abroad. The program of the second radio channel includes, besides great classical music, also reports on the San Marino parliamentary activities, work sessions of the Great and General Council and commentaries of the sports federations. Finally, the web portal and teletext are among the key telematic information sources in the Country. They deal, in real time, with political, economic, news, health, education, cultural and sport events.

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